NEET Biology Strategies for Enhancement In Food Production MCQs Set B

Question: Protoplasts of two different cells can be made to fuse with the help of

• a) Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
• b) Sodium bicarbonate
• c) Calcium chloride
• d) HCl

Answer: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Question: A technique of androgenic haploid formation was developed by

• a) Guha and Maheshwari
• b) Steward et. al.
• c) Carlson et. al.
• d) Skoog and Miller

Answer: Guha and Maheshwari

Question: Cybrid is a result of

• a) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells occurs but the nucleus of one cell persists, and the nucleus of other degenerates
• b) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cell but the nuclei remain unfused
• c) Fusion of cytoplasm and nuclei of the two somatic cells
• d) Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells take place but one part of the nucleus of one cell fuses with the entire nucleus of second cell

Answer: Fusion of cytoplasm of two somatic cells occurs but the nucleus of one cell persists, and the nucleus of other degenerates

Question: Perfect homozygous individuals are produced by

• a) Anther culture
• b) Somatic hybridization
• c) Meristem culture
• d) Protoplast culture

Answer: Anther culture

Question: ‘Pomato’ is an example of

• a) Parasexual hybrid
• b) Sexual hybrid
• c) Intraspecific hybrid
• d) Intravarietial hybrid

Answer: Parasexual hybrid

Question:  Consider the following statements A - D with incomplete spaces :

A. Although the plant is infected with a virus, the apical and axillary __(i)__ is free of virus.
B. Around three billion people in the world suffer from __(ii)__, __(iii)__ and __(iv)__, deficiencies or hiddenhunger.
C. Alternate sources of proteins for animal and human nutrition is __(v)__ like __(vi)__.
D. Whole plants could be generated from any part of the plant called __(vii)__ and this capacity is called__(viii)__
Select the correct option which fills up the respective blank numbers from (i) to (viii)

• a) (v) SCP ; (vii) Explant ; (viii) Totipotency
• b) (i) Bud ; (ii) Micronutrient ; (viii) Explant
• c) (ii) Meristem ; (v) SCP ; (vi) Explant
• d) (iii) Meristem ; (iv) Vitamin ; (vi) Totipotency

Answer: (v) SCP ; (vii) Explant ; (viii) Totipotency

Question:  Read the following statements carefully and find out the set of correct statements

a. Suspension culture requires constant stirring at the rate of 100-250 rpm.
b. Development of diseases in a plant depends on the interactions between host genotype and environment,
but not on pathogen genotype
c. Black rot of crucifers and red rot of sugarcane are diseases caused by fungi.
d. It is expected that 125 g of Methylophilus methylotrophus produces 12.5 tonnes of protein per day

• a) a, d
• b) b, d
• c) c, d
• d) b, c

Answer: a, d

Question: Somaclonal variations are

• a) Produced during tissue culture
• b) Produced during sexual reproduction
• c) Caused by gamma rays
• d) Produced by chemical mutagens

Answer: Produced during tissue culture

Question: Find odd one w.r.t. green manures

• a) Jatropha
• b) Trifolium
• c) Crotalaria
• d) Melilotus

Answer: Jatropha

Question: A government agency which keeps control on introduction of new variety of plants in India is

• a) National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
• b) Indian Council for Agricultural Research
• c) NSC
• d) ICRISAT

Answer: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources

Question: A technique of micropropagation is

• a) Somatic embryogenesis
• b) Embryo rescue
• c) Somatic hybridization
• d) Protoplast fusion

Answer:  Somatic embryogenesis

Question: Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts?

• a) Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
• b) IAA and gibberellins
• c) Sodium chloride and potassium chloride
• d) IAA and kinetin

Answer: Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate

Question: In vitro clonal propagation in plants is characterized by

• a) PCR and RAPD
• b) Electrophoresis and HPLC
• c) Northern blotting
• d) Microscopy

Answer: PCR and RAPD

Question: To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, which part/parts of the diseased plant will be taken?

• a) Both apical and axillary meristems
• b) Apical meristem only
• c) Palisade parenchyma
• d) Epidermis only

Answer: Both apical and axillary meristems

Question: An alga which can be employed as food for human being is

• a) Chlorella
• b) Ulothrix
• c) Spirogyra
• d) Polysiphonia

Answer: Chlorella

Question: In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called

• a) Germplasm collection
• b) Cross-hybridisation among the selected parents
• c) Evaluation and selection of parents
• d) Selection of superior recombinants

Answer: Germplasm collection

Question: Which one of the following is a case of wrong matching ?

• a) Vector DNA-Site for t-RNA synthesis
• b) Somatic hybridization - Fusion of two diverse cells
• c) Callus–Unorganised mass of cells produced in tissue culture
• d) Micropropagation-In vitro production of plants in large numbers

Answer: Vector DNA-Site for t-RNA synthesis

Question: Which part would be most suitable for raising virus-free plants for micropropagation?

• a) Meristem
• b) Node
• c) Bark
• d) Vascular tissue

Answer: Meristem

Question: Green revolution in India occurred during

• a) 1960 's
• b) 1970's
• c) 1980's
• d) 1950's

Answer: 1960 's

Question:  Consider the following four statements (a-d) and select the option which includes all the correct ones only

(a) Single cell Spirulina can produce large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, vitamins etc.
(b) Body weight-wise the micro-organism Methylophilus methylotrophus may be able to produce several times more proteins than the cows per day
(c) Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of vitamin C.
(d) A rice variety has been developed which is very rich in calcium.

• a) Statements (a), (b)
• b) Statements (a), (c) and (d)
• c) Statements (c), (d)
• d) Statements (b), (c) and (d)

Answer: Statements (a), (b)

Question: Mutations can be induced with

• a) Gamma radiations
• b) Infra Red radiations
• c) IAA
• d) Ethylene

Answer: Gamma radiations

Question: Himgiri' developed by hybridisation and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety of

• a) Wheat
• b) Chilli
• c) Maize
• d) Sugarcane

Answer: Wheat

Question:  "Jaya" and "Ratna developed for green revolution in India are the varieties of

• a) Rice
• b) Wheat
• c) Maize
• d) Bajra

Answer: Rice

Question: A collection of plants and seeds having diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called

• a) Germplasm
• b) Gene library
• c) Genome
• d) Herbarium

Answer: Germplasm

Question: Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called

• a) Biofortification
• b) Biomagnification
• c) Somatic hybridisation
• d) Micropropagation

Answer: Biofortification

Question:  Which of the following plant species you would select for the production of bioethanol?

• a) Jatropha
• b) Brassica
• c) Pongamia
• d) Zea mays

Answer: Jatropha

Question: Somaclones are obtained by

• a) Tissue culture
• b) Genetic engineering
• c) Irradiation
• d) Plant breeding

Answer: Tissue culture

Question: Which one of the following is linked to the discovery of Bordeaux mixture as a popular fungicide?

• a) Downy mildew of grapes
• b) Black rust of wheat
• c) Bacterial leaf blight of rice
• d) Loose smut of wheat

Answer: Downy mildew of grapes

Question:  Consider the following four measures (a - d) that could be taken to successfully grow chick-pea in an area where bacterial blight disease is common

(a) Spray with Bordeaux mixture.
(b) Control of the insect vector of the disease pathogen.
(c) Use of only disease-free seeds.
(d) Use of varieties resistant to the disease.
Which two of the above measures can control the disease?

• a) (c) and (d)
• b) (a) and (b)
• c) (b) and (c)
• d) (a) and (d)

Answer: (c) and (d)

Question: Which one of the following is being tried in India as a biofuel substitute for fossil fuels?

• a) Jatropha
• b) Azadirachta
• c) Musa
• d) Aegilops

Answer: Jatropha

Question: In maize, hybrid vigour is exploited by

• a) Crossing of two inbred parental lines
• b) Inducing mutations
• c) Bombarding the seeds with DNA
• d) Harvesting seeds from the most productive plants

Answer: Crossing of two inbred parental lines

Question: Crop plants grown in monoculture are

• a) Highly prone to pests
• b) Free from intraspecific competition
• c) Low in yield
• d) Characterised by poor root system

Answer: Highly prone to pests

Question: In maize, hybrid vigour is exploited by

• a) Crossing of two inbreed parental lines
• b) Inducing mutations
• c) Bombarding the protoplast with DNA
• d) Harvesting seeds from the most productive plants

Answer: Crossing of two inbreed parental lines

Question: Triticale, the first man-made cereal crop, has been obtained by crossing wheat with

• a) Rye
• b) Pearl millet
• c) Sugarcane
• d) Barley

Answer: Rye

Question: In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue culture the best method is

• a) Meristem culture
• b) Anther culture
• c) Embryo rescue
• d) Protoplast culture

Answer:  Meristem culture

Question: Three crops that contribute maximum to global food grain production are

• a) Wheat, rice and maize
• b) Rice, maize and sorghum
• c) Wheat, maize and sorghum
• d) Wheat, rice and barley

Answer: Wheat, rice and maize

Question: The name of Norman Borlaug is associated with

• a) Green revolution
• b) Yellow revolution
• c) White revolution
• d) Blue revolution

Answer: Green revolution

Question: An important step in the manufacture of pulp for paper industry from the woody tissues of plants is the

• a) Preparation of pure cellulose by removing lignin
• b) Removal of oils present in the wood by treatment with suitable chemicals
• c) Removal of water from the wood by prolonged heating at approximately 50°C
• d) Treatment of wood with chemical that breakdown cellulose

Answer: Preparation of pure cellulose by removing lignin

Question: Which of the following is generally used for induced mutagenesis in crop plants?

• a) Gamma rays (from cobalt 60)
• b) X-rays
• c) Alpha particles
• d) UV (260 nm)

Answer: Gamma rays (from cobalt 60)

Question: Which statement is correct about centre of origin of plant?

• a) Frequency of dominant gene is more
• b) None of these
• c) More diversity in improved variety
• d) Climatic conditions are more favourable

Answer:  Frequency of dominant gene is more

Question:  When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of F₁ hybrid is often superior to both its parents. This phenomenon is called

• a) Heterosis
• b) Metamorphosis
• c) Transformation
• d) Spheing

Answer: Heterosis

Question: Which of the following is the New World spice, that has become an essential part of Indian cuisine?

• a) Red pepper
• b) Black pepper
• c) Ginger
• d) Cardamom

Answer:  Red pepper

Question: The reason for vegetativeIy reproducing crop plants suit for maintaining hybrid vigour is that

• a) Once a desired hybrid produced, no chances of losing it
• b) They are more resistant to diseases
• c) They can be easily propagated
• d) They have a longer life span

Answer: Once a desired hybrid produced, no chances of losing it

Question: The new varieties of plants are produced by

• a) Selection and hybridization
• b) Introduction and mutation
• c) Selection and introduction
• d) Mutation and selection

Answer:  Selection and hybridization

Question: Before the European invader which vegetable was absent in India?

• a) Potato and tomato
• b) Maize and chichinda
• c) Simla mirch and brinjal
• d) Bitter gourd

Answer: Potato and tomato

Question: Which of the following crops have been brought to India from New World?

• a) Cashewnut, potato, rubber
• b) Tea, rubber, mango
• c) Mango, tea
• d) Coffee

Answer: Cashewnut, potato, rubber

Question: A germplasm collection is a

• a) Collection of modern varieties of a crop
• b) Collection of specimens of all the species of an area in a herbarium or botanical garden
• c) Collection of plants or seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a crop
• d) Collection of seeds or pollen of rare and threatened species of a group or area

Answer: Collection of modern varieties of a crop

Question: Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species of

• a) Xanthomonas
• b) Pseudomonas
• c) Alternaria
• d) Erwinia

Answer: Xanthomonas

Question:  Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because

• a) There is threat of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop
• b) This method is costly
• c) These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products
• d) Economy of developing countries may suffer

Answer: There is threat of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop

Question: Which one of the following plants are used as green manure in crop fields and in sandy soils ?

• a) Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum
• b) Calotropis procera and Phyllanthus niruri
• c) Saccharum munja and Lantana camara
• d) Dichanthium annulatum and Azolla nilotica

Answer: Crotalaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum

Question:   Nicotiana sylvestris flowers only during long days and N.tabacum flowers only during short days. If raised in the laboratory under different photoperiods, they can be induced to flower at the same time and can be crossfertilized to produce self-fertile offspring. What is the best reason for considering N.sylvestris and N.tabacum to be separate species?

• a) They cannot interbreed in nature
• b) They are physiologically distinct
• c) They are reproductively distinct
• d) They are morphologically distinct

Answer: They cannot interbreed in nature

Question: Which of the following statements is not true about somatic embryogenesis?

• a) Somatic embryos can develop from microspores
• b) Somatic embryo is induced usually by an auxin such as 2, 4-D
• c) The pattern of development of a somatic embryo is comparable to that of a zygotic embryo
• d) A somatic embryo develops from a somatic cell

Answer:  Somatic embryos can develop from microspores

Question: Tissue culture technique can produce infinite number of new plants from a small parental tissue. The economic mportance of the technique is in raising

• a) Genetically uniform population identical to the original parent
• b) Variants through picking up somaclonal variations
• c) Homozygous diploid plants
• d) Development of new species

Answer: Genetically uniform population identical to the original parent

Question: Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by

• a) All plant cells
• b) Only bacterial cells
• c) Only gymnosperm cells
• d) All eukaryotic cells

Answer:  All plant cells

Question: In tissue culture medium, the embryoids formed from pollen grains are due to

• a) Cellular totipotency
• b) Double fertilization
• c) Organogenesis
• d) Test tube culture

Answer: Cellular totipotency

Question: The technique of obtaining large number of plantlets by tissue culture method is called

• a) Micropropagation
• b) Macropropagation
• c) Organ culture
• d) Plantlet culture

Answer: Micropropagation

Question: A plant hormone used for inducing morphogenesis in plant tissue culture is

• a) Cytokinins
• b) Ethylene
• c) Abscisic acid
• d) Gibberellins

Answer: Cytokinins

Question: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is situated at

• a) Philippines
• b) Taiwan
• c) Canada
• d) Mexico

Answer: Philippines

Question: Pomato’ is an example of

• a) Parasexual hybrid
• b) Sexual hybrid
• c) Intraspecific hybrid
• d) Intravarietial hybrid

Answer:  Parasexual hybrid