NEET UG Biology Biotechnology Its applications MCQs

IMPORTANT POINTS

- Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocessors in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering technique. GM plants are pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, cold, drought, salt and heat tolerance and with enhanced nutritional value of food eg. Vitamin A enriched rice. - Importing the property of pest resistance through the transfer of gene from Bacilus thuringiensis (Bt) into target plant through modern biotech method is presently considered to be one of the most advanced application of biotechnology.

- The field of biotechnology has introduced techniques like gene therapy; recombinant DNA technology and polymerase chain reaction which use genes and DNA molecules to diagnose diseases and insert new and healthy genes in the body which replace the damages gene or DNA. Gene therapy may be defined in broad general terms as “introduction of normal functional gene into cells; in order to replace defective or mutated gene.”

- Gene therapy may be classified into (1) germline therapy and (2) somatic cell gene therapy.

- Transgenesis refers to the phenomenon of introduction of exogenous DNA into the genome of an animal to create and maintain a stable heritable character. The foreign DNA is introduced is called transgene. And the animal whose genome is altered by adding one or more transgenes is said to be transgenic animal.

- Bioethics may be viewed as a set of standards that may be used to regulate our activities in relation to the biological world.

- A patent is the right granted by the government to prevent others from commercial use of researcher’s invention. Patents for bioscientific researches are called biopatents.

- When big organizations and multinational companies exploit patent biological resources or bioresources of other nations without proper authorization from the countries concern; such exploitation is called biopiracy. While Biosafety is the presentation of large scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on ecology and human health.

1. In which of the following industrial areas biotechnology is applicable?

(a) Health care

(b) Environment

(c) Agriculture

(d) all of the above

2. Due to what food supply has increased during green revolution?

(a) use of chemicals

(b) use of biochemicals

(c) use of photochemicals

 (d) use of agrochemicals

3. The organizations whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering is called as -

(a) Genetically mutant organism

(b) Genetically modern organism

(c) Genetically modified organism

(d) Genetically transferred organism.

4. Full form of GMO is -

(a) Genetically mutant organism

(b) Genetically modern organism

(c) Genetically modified organism

(d) Genetically transferred organism

5. Which of the following is responsible for causing disease in plants?

(a) virus

(b) pesticide

(c) Herbicide

(d) all the above

6. Bt stands for -

(a) Biotechnology

(b) Bacteria tolerant

(c) Bacillus thuringiensis

(d) Bollworm toxin

7. Where from Bt toxin gene has been obtained?

(a) plants

(b) virus

(c) Bacteria

(d) Fungi

8. In which of the following plant Bt toxin gene is expressed?

(a) Bt cotton

(b) Bt corn

(c) Bt Bringal

(d) All the above

9. Toxin proteins produced by the bacterial gene destroys -

(a) Aphids

(b) grass hoppers

(c) Boll worms

(d) Beetles

10. The toxin produced by the Bt is coded by a gene named as -

(a) Cry

(b) Cry Protein

(c) Cyr

(d) Cyr Protein

11. Which of the following techniques use genes and DNA molecules fordiagnoses of diseases?

(a) Gene therapy (b) Recombinant gene technology

(c) Polymerase chain reaction (d) All the above

12. What were the earlier sources of Insulin?

(a) cattle and pig (b) camel and pig

(c) cattle and dog (d) goat and pig

13. Which technology was used to produce human Insulin in E. coli ?

(a) Gene therapy (b) Recombinant gene technology

(c) Polymerase chain reaction (d) All the above

14. Which therapy is used for modification of germ cells (spermsand eggs)?

(a) spermline therapy (b) Germ line therapy

(c) Egg line therapy (d) Germ line gene therapy

15. Modifications by germ line gene therapy are heritable as -

(a) The Functional gene is incorporated into to their genome.

(b) The Functional gene is incorporated into one of the gene.

(c) The Functional gene is incorporated into somatic cells.

(d) All the above

16. In which therapy, vectors are used to introduce desired gene into the body of patients?

(a) In vivo, gene therapy (b) Germ line therapy

(c) Ex vivo gene therapy (d) Foreign gene therapy

17. The method during which genetic characteristics of animals are improved by mating of selected breeds is known as -

(a) Improved breeding (b) selective breeding

(c) mating (d) Breeding

18. The Phenomenon of introduction of exogenous DNA into the genome of animals is -

(a) In vivo, gene therapy (b) Foreign gene therapy

(c) Ex vivo gene therapy (d) Transgenesis

19. The animals whose genome is altered by introduction of transgene is known as -

(a) modified animals (b) Hybrid animals

(c) cross breed animals (d) Transgenic animal

20. Transgene introduced in the first transgenic cow was responsible for the production of

(a) Albumin enriched milk (b) Protein enriched milk

(c) Human protein enriched milk (d) Vitamins enriched milk

21. What was the amount of Alpha-lactalbumin in the milk of transgenic cow ?

(a) 4.2 grams per litre (b) 2.4 grams per litre

(c) 3.4 grams per litre (d) 4.2 grams per litre

22. Earlier which animalswere used to test the safety of Polio Vaccine

(a) Transgenic rat (b) Transgenic pigs

(c) Transgenic mice (d) Transgenic sheep

23. The right granted by government to prevent others from the commercial use of resources invention is -

(a) Government grant (b) Patent

(c) official document (d) Biopatent

24. Exploitation of Patent of biological resources of other nations is called as -

(a) Biosafety (b) Biopiracy (c) Biowar (d) Bioabuse

25. Organisms which can be used to gain commercial benefits are called -

(a) Beneficial resources (b) Bioresources

(c) Financial resources (d) Biological resources

26. The plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana belongs to which country ?

(a) China (b) West Africa (c) Pakistan (d) America

27. Which technology facilitates the productionof novel DNA molecule by combining sequences from DNA from two different organisms ?

(a) gene therapy (b) Recombinant DNA technology

(c) Polymerase chain reaction (d) germ line gene therapy

28. Which is the most common bioinsecticide for the protection of cotton ?

(a) Pyrethrin (b) Rotenone (c) Eicer (d) Bacillus thuringiensis

29. Which of the following can be controlled with the help of biopesticides ?

(a) Insects (b) Diseases(c) Weeds (d) All the above

30. Transgenic animals are produced by incorporation of Foreign gene into the -

(a) Nucleus of fertilizedegg (b) Nucleus of sperm

(c) Nucleus of unfertilized egg (d) Egg cell

31. The bacteria associated with plant genetic engineering are -

(a) salmonella and Pseudomonas

(b) Salmonella typhimurium and agrobacterium

(c) Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens

(d) Both b and c

32. The science of biotechnology has contributed to field of

(a) Health (b) Pharmacy

(c) agriculture and industry (d) all above

33. The method of producing proteins for food or feed through microbial biomass is called

(a) PCR (b) SCP (c) Nanotechnology (d) None of above

34. The insulin prepared through genetic engineering is called

(a) Human insulin (b)microbial insulin

(c) Bio insulin (d) Humulin

35. The most common Bioinsecticide in present in the world for protection and mustard is______

(a) Pyrethrin (b) Bt. , (c) Rotenone (d) none of these

36. First progress in field of genetic engineering, in 1978 by Cohen, Berg and Boyer by synthesis of ______ throughE. coli

(a) Insulin (b) growth hormone(c) Somatostatin (d) both b and c

37. Which was the first product contributed to human kind by science of Biotechnology in early 1972

(a) somatotropin (b) Insulin (c) cytokines (d) erythropoietin

38. Which is the most common Plasmid used for most of genetically engineered product ?

(a) PBR322 (b) R Plasmid types (c) CaMV195 (d) both a and b

39. The main use of recombinant DNA technology are____

(a) production of transgenic humans.

(b) the creation of cells capable of synthesizing economically important molecules.

(c) the efficient reduction of useful proteins.

(d) both b and c

40. Biofuel is made by utilizing which strain of bacteria ?

(a) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (b) Klebsiella Planticola

(c) E. coli (d) Phanerochaete chrysosporium

41. Bio augmentation is ___

(a) the addition of commercially prepared bacterial strain

(b) Production of fertilizers by using bacteria

(c) the metals are deposited as insoluble oxides and sulphides by activities of bacteria

(d) removal of pests

42. Which of the following animal is best known genetically ?

(a) Planaria (b) Domestic dog

(c) Musca domestica (d) Drosophila melanogaster

43. Which one is a transgenic crop ?

(a) Brinjal (b) Potato (c) Grape (d) Tomato

44. First transgenic mouse grew twice the normal size after drinking _______ containing water.

(a) cu (b) Fe (c) Zn (d) Ra

45. The genetically modified crops introduced in India are ____

(a) cotton (b) mustard (c) Wild plant (d) Both a and b

46. One of the following is the correct sequence to make a transgenic animals.

(a) Transomics – transfection – micro infection – electro portion – retroviralvectors

(b) Micro injection - transfection - electro portion - retroviral vectors - transomics

(c) Transfection – micro injection - transomics - electro portion - retroviral vectors

(d) None of these

47. one of the following is transgenic organisms

(a) Holly sheep and tomato (b) Dolly sheep and subabul

(c) Molly sheep and banana (d) B T cotton and tomato (Flaur saur)

48. Transgenic plants are produced by using Ti Plasmids from the

(a) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (b) E. coli

(c) Bacteriophage (d) Agrobacterium varians

49. Vaccine is a ____

(a) collection of antibiotics

(b) collection of life saving drugs

(c) collection of killed disease causing bacteria and virus

(d) collection of lysins

50. The typical machine for production of bio-products through microbial is

(a) sterilized glass ware (b) microprojectile

(c) autoclave (d) Fermenter

51. The foods made from genetically modified crops required to Pass human testing because

(a) they may cause allergies (b) they may alter genes

(c) they may cause mutations and releasetoxins (d) all above