NEET UG Biology Cell structure MCQs

All living organism are made up of cell. cell is a structural and functinal unit of organism. some organisms are unicellular while others are multicellular. Each cell is having potentiality to produce a new individual.This is called totipotency of cell.

On the basis of presence or absence of membrane bound nucleus, organisms are classified into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes include plants and animals hence,eukaryotic cells are further classified into plant cells and animal cells.

Major differences between plant cells and animal cells are presence of cell wall,plastids and vacuole in plant cells. A typical eukaryotic cell consists of a cell membrane,cytoplasm and nucleus. Cell membrane also called plasma-membrane is the outermost layer of animal cell and located inner to cell wall in plant cell.

Eukaryotic cell posseses membrane bound oraganelles like endoplasmic reticulum,golgi apparatus, lysosomes,and vacuoles.

Endoplasmic reticulum is made up of cisternae.Endoplasmic reticulum having ribosomes on its outer- surface is called rough endo- plasnic reticulum.It is associated with the synthesis of protein.

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes is known as smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It take part in the synthesis of lipid. Goigi apparatus is made up of flattened sac like structure.

Lysosomes are surrounded by a single layer wall.They contain enzymes which digest all macromolecules. In plant cell large vacuole are present which possess a membrane called tonoplast. As the mitochondria are associated with the generation of ATP they are called power house of cell.

The chloroplast is a double layered structure and possess grana and stroma.70s type ribosomes are present in prokaryotic cells while 80s type of ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells. The shape of cytoplasm and the shape of cell is maintained by cytoskeleton which is made up of microfilament, microtubules and intermediate filaments.

Eukaryotic cell possesses nucleas, nucler membrane,nucleous and chromatin. Depending on the position of centromere chromosomes are four types, like Metacentric,sub-metacentric,Acrocentric and Telocentric.

1. It is responsible for begininig of the life of organisms.

(A) Tissue   (B) Zygote   (C) Cell   (D) Embryonic layer

2. Who proposed the cell theory.

(A) Singer and Nicholsen  (B) Schwann and schleiden (C) Hook and Brown  (D) Robertson

3. Who proposed that new cells arise through cell division of pre-existing cells.

(A) Robert Hook (B) Rudolf Virchow  (C) Robert Brown (D) Singer

4. It is the Smallest Cell.

(A) Bacteria (B) Mycoplasm (C) Yeast  (D) Blue green algae

5. Prokaryotic cells have which architectural regions?

(A) Cell (B) Appendages  (C) Nucleus (D) a-b-c,all

6. The association of more than one ribosome with a single molecule of m-RNA complex is called as...

(A) Polypeptide (B) Polysome (C) Polymer (D) Poly Saccharide

7. Which structure possess flagellin protein?

(A) Muscles fiber (B) Flagellum (C) Pilli  (D) a,b,c-all

8. The cell wall of algae is made up of which substance?

(A) Protein (B) Mannans  (C) Lipid (D) a,b,c-all

9. The cells involved in large amount of lipid synthesis,do not possess this orgenelle on Endoplasmicreticulum.

(A) Mitochondrion (B) Ribosomes (C) Golgi apparatus (D) lysosome

10. In mitochodria, it contains F-particles.

(A) Matrix (B) Cristae (C) Outer layer (D) a-b-c,all 

11. The materials essential for dark reaction are located in

55. How much diameter of ribosome in prokaryotic cell?

(A) 20 nm (B) 40 nm (C) 10 nm (D) 15 nm

 

56. Which organelle possesses circular DNA?

(A) Chloroplast (B) Lysosome (C) Ribosome (D) Golgi appartus

 

Assertion (P) and (Q) type Questions:

(a) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are true and reason (B) is correct explanation of the assertion A.

(b) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are true but reason B is not a correct explanation of the assertion (A)

(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (B) is false.

(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason B is true.

 

 

80. Which asseration is false ?

(a) Sucidal bag possess double layer structure

(b) Mitochondria are self replicating organelles

(c) Virchow give the final shape of the cell theory

(d) Active transport occurs against the concentration gradient

 

81. What is main difference between active and passive transport? 

(a) Active transport occurs by ATP. (b) Active transport occurs fast.

(c) Energy is necessary for passive transport. (d) Passive transport is a non-selective transport.

 

82. Where the Chlorophyll is present in chloroplast? 

(a) In thyllakoid(b) In Stroma (c) In grana and stroma (d) In outer membrane

 

83. Select,which assertion is false.

(a) Chloroplast and mitochondria both possess internal variation.Thylakoid lumen is not covered by thylakoid membrane.

(b) Chloroplast and mitochondria both possess DNA.

(c) Chloroplast and mitochondria both possess external and internal membrane.

(d) Normally chloroplast is larger than mitochondria

 

84. In plant cell vacuole is _______ . 

(a) Membrane bound structure which stores various substance and excrete them.

(b) Without membranous structure.

(c) Without membranous structure which stores protein and lipid

(d) With membranous structure which stores protein and lipid.

 

85. Middle lamella is made up of which substance? 

(a) Calcium pectate (b) Hemicellulose (c) Muramic acid (d) Phosphoglyceride

 

86. In higher plant stroma of chloroplast possesses___

(a) Enzyme for dark reaction. (b) Chlorophyll

(c) Ribosomes (d) Light reaction related enzyme.

 

87. Microfilaments are ________ . 

(a) Structure connects cytoplasm of two near by cells

(b) Locomotive structure

(c) Structure joints nucleus and cytoplasm

(d) Lignified layers between two cells.

 

88. The subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes are ________ . 

(a) 50S + 30S (b) 60S + 40S (c) 40S + 30S (d) 60S + 50S

 

89. In which phase the chromosomes appear clear. 

(a) Metaphase (b) Telophase (c) Prophase (d) Anaphase

 

90. The plasma membrane is made up of ________ . 

(a) Protein and lipid (b) Only lipid

(c) Carbohydrate and lipid (d) Carbohydrate and protein

 

91. Smooth endoplasmic recticulum is a synthesis site of which substance? 

(a) Lipid (b) Protein (c) Carbohydrate (d) Nucleic acid

 

92. In the following which sentance is false? 

(a) Lysosome possesses double layer structure. (b) Lysosome is a suicidal bag.

(c) Lysosome digests all macromolecules. (d) Lysosome possesses hydrolase enzyme.

 

93. “Cell is a structural and functional unit of organisms”. who found out? 

(a) Schleiden and schwann (b) Robert Hook

(c) Aristotal (d) Mendel

 

94. Prokaryotics differ form eukaryotics in ________ .

(a) Cell wall and DNA (b) Plasma membrane and nucleus

(c) Plastid and nucleus (d) DNA and mitochondria

 

95. What is correct about Fluid-mosaic model? 

(a) A lipid bilayer and protein included in it.

(b) Above protein layer,one layer of phospholipid is present

(c) Above protein layer,two layer of phospholipid is present

(d) Protein bilayer and phospholipid is included isn it.

 

96. Select the correct option from column - I and column - II 

      Column - I                        Column - II

(P) Endoplasmic reticulum (1) Power house of cell

(Q) Free Ribosomes          (2) Osmoregulation and excretion

(R) Mitochondria               (3) Lipid synthesis

(S) Contractile vacuole      (4) Protein synthesis

(A) (P-3) (Q-4) (R-1) (S-2) (B) (P-1) (Q-2) (R-4) (S-3)

(C) (P-3) (Q-2) (R-1) (S-4) (D) (P-3) (Q-4) (R-2) (S-1)

 

97. Nucleolus is ________ 

(A)Located in nucleus,Possess r-RNA and chromatin and possess a spherical structure.

(b) Rod like structure present near nucleus.

(c) Spherical structure present in cytoplasm near nucleus.

(d) None of these

 

98. Aldolase enzyme related with which organelles? 

(a) Cell-matrix (b) Chloroplast (c) Nucleus (d) Mitochondria

 

99. Mitochondria stores____

(a) ATP (b) Protein (c) Carbohydrate (d) Lipid

 

100. For the synthesis of new protein and protein transport which organelle is related?

(a)Endoplasmic reticulum (b)Chloroplast (c)Mitichondria (d)Lysosome

 

101. Where,ribosomes synthesis takes place? 

(a) Nucleolus (b) Nucleus (c) Golgi body (d) Plasma membrane

 

102. Golgi apparatus is produced from which organelle ? 

(a) Endoplasmic reticulum (b) Plasmamembrane

(c) Mitochondria (d) Ribosomes

 

103. It is a power house of cell. 

(a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplast

(c) Nucleus (d) Golgi-apparatus

 

104. Mitochondria is organelle of which process? 

(a) Kreb’s cycle (b) Glycolysis (c) Hill reaction (d) Calvin cycle

 

105. Where ETS Occur’s? 

(a) Inner membrane of mitochondria (b) Outer membrane of mitochondria

(c) Matrix of mitochondria (d) None

 

106. Cytoskeleton is made up of ________ . 

(a) Proteinous fibre (b) micro particles of CaCO₃

(c) Cellulose (d) Callose

 

107. In higher plants cell wall is made up of which substance? 

(a) Cellulose (b) Peptidoglycan (c) Lipoprotein (D) Callose

 

108. In Eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton is made up of ________ 

(a) Microtubules (b) Microfilaments (c) Tubulin (d) all

 

109. Who suggested that new cell arise through cell division of preexisting cells? 

(a) Virchow (b) Schwann (c) Robert Hook (d) Schleidn

 

110. Which organelle is observed in animal cell but absent in plant cell? 

(a) Centriole (b) Mitochondria

(c) Endoplasmic reticulum (d) Golgi apparatus

 

111. Who proposed fluid-mosaic model?

(a) Singer and Nicolson (b) Beadel and Tatum

(c) Robertson and Miller (d) Watson and Crick

 

112. Which type of arrangement is shown by flagella of eukaryotic cell? 

(a) 9+2 Arrangement (b) 2+9 Arrengement (c) 7+2 Arrangement (d) 9+0 Arrangement

 

113. Microtubules are made up of by which protein? 

(a) Tubulin (b) Myosin (c) Actin (d) Durable protein

 

114. Bacteria possess which type of ribosomes? 

(a) 70S (b) 80S (c) 60S (d) 40S

 

115. _______ is a currency of the energy. 

(a) ATP (b) NAD (c) FAD (d) Glucose

 

116. _______is a site for synthesis of glycolipids and glycoproteins. 

(a) Golgi apparatus (b) Lysosome (c) Plastid (d) Mitochondria

 

117. The Orgenelle,which is related with production of ATP is ________ . 

(a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes

(c) Golgi apparatus (d)Endo plasmic reticulum

 

118. How many layers are there in the structure of thylakoid? 

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

 

119. Each ribosome are made up of how many subunits ?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

 

120. Give name of organelle,which is surrounded by a single layered wall. 

(a) Lysosome (b) Mitochondria (c) Chloroplast (d) Nucleus

 

121. Give the name of sucidal bag of plant cell. 

(a) Lysosome (b) Mitochondria (c) Endoplasmic reticulum (d) Nucleus