IMPORTANT POINTS
Flowering plants are the most dominant plants of the earth, exhibit some variations in morphology, possess well-developed shoot and root systems, which is positively geotropic and hydrotropic and negatively phototropic, and develops from radical. Dicot plants have tap root system and monocots have fibrous root system. Roots help in fixation of plant in soil, and absorption of water and minerals. They also help in storage of food, mechanical support, climbing, photosynthesis, respiration, absorption of moisture, parasitism, symbiosis and reproduction. On the other hand, shoot system is developed from plumule, negatively geotropic and hydrotropic, and positively phototropic, which is differentiated into stem, leaves, flowers and fruits. Stem possesser node, internode, leaves, hairs, axillary & apical buds.Stem helps in storage of food, reproduction, protection, climbing and photosynthesis.
On the basis of types of venations, there are two types of leaves – reticulate and parallel. Leaves are also of two types – simple and compound. On the basis of arrangement, of leaves are of three types –
alternate, opposite and whorled. Leaves help in storage of food, support, climbing and protection.
Arrangement of flowers is known as Inflorescence, which is of two types – racemose and cymose. A typical flower consists of four whorls – calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Arrangement of sepals or petals in flower is called aestivation, which are five types – valvate, twisted, imbricate, quincuncial and vexillary. Of these, androecium is composed of stamens, which may be free or united;
Each stamen consits of filament, anther and connective, while gynoecium is made up of carpels, consists of stigma, style and ovary. Arrangement of ovules within ovary is known as placentation, which may be marginal, axile, parietal, basal and central. After fertilization, ovary is converted into fruit and ovules into seeds. There are three types of fruits – simple, aggregate and composite. Fleshy fruits are of three types – drupe, berry and pome. Seeds are either monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous, exospermic or endospermic. Floral features of any plant is exhibited by floral diagram and floral formula.
1. Fibrous root in maize develop from:
(a) Lower internodes (b) Lower nodes
(c) Upper nodes (d) None of the above
2. Which of the following plants have root pockets?
(a) Eichhorinia (b) Capparis (c) Opuntia (d) Banyan
3. In which of following, the plants have all roots?
(a) Podostemon (b) Lemna (c) Wolffia (d) Utricularia
4. Food present in bulbil occurs in:
(a) Root (b) Stem (c) Leaf base (d) Petioles
5. Form which pont of root, root hairs develop ?
(a) Region of maturation (b) Region of elongation
(c) Meristematic region (d) Region of root cap
6. Epiphytic roots are found in :
(a) Indian rubber (b) Orchid (c) Tinospora (d) Cuscuta
7. Potatoes are borne on :
(a) Primary roots (b) axil of scaly leaves
(c) Lateral roots (d) Adventitious roots
8. Some plans have rhizome and roots as underground structures. Which characteristics of rhizome would distinguish them from roots?
(a) Rhizomes are thicker than roots. (b) Rhizomes have scaly leaves
(c) Rhizome are thinner than roots (d) None of the above
9. Sweet potato is a modification of:
(a) Primary root (b) leaf (c) underground root (d) Adventitious root
10. Roots are differentiated into adventitious roots by their:
(a) Function (b) appearance (c) place of origin (d)position
11. Winged petiole is found in;
(a) citrus (b) acacia (c) radish (d) peepal
12. In one of the following the stem performs the function of storage and propagation:
(a) Ginger (b) Wheat (c) Radish (d) Groundnut
13. Leaves are attached to the stem at :
(a) Apical meristem (b) Internode (c) Nodes (d) Axillary meristem
14. Phyllotaxy refers to;
(a) Arrangement of leaves on stem (b) Folding leaf in the bud
(c) (a) & (b) both (d) None of the above
15. Plants with jointed stem and hollow internodes are known as :
(a) Clums (b) Scape (c) Ephemerals (d) Lianas
16. Bulbils take part in :
(a) Sexual reproduction (b) Respiration (c) Transpiration (d) Vegetative reproduction
17. Stem is very much reduced in:
(a) Tuber (b) Bulb (c) Corm (d) Rhizome
18. Turmeric is a stem and not a root because :
(a) It stores food material (b) It grows parallel to soil surface
(c) It has nodes and internodes (d) It has chlorophyll
19. A potato tuber is underground stem because:
(a) It has swollen and non-green
(b) It possesses axillary buds
(c) It possesser starch as stored food.
(d) It possess starch as stored food
20. Grasses are examples of the following type of stem:
(a) Suckers (b) Runners (c) Stolon (d) Rhizomes.
21. Red root is name of:
(a) Carrot (b) Sweet potato (c) Potato (d) Beet root
22. Tiny sacs or bladders are found in:
(a) Utriculariya (b) salvinia (c) nepenthes (d) Hydrilla
23. Which would do maximum harm to a tree ? The loss of:
(a) Half of its branches
(b) All of its leaves
(c) Half of its flower
(d) Half of its bark
24. Smallest dicotyledonous parasitic plant of the world is:
(a) Coryadalis nana (b) Primula minutissina
(c) Arcethobium minustissimum (d) Marsilea minuta
25. Adventitious roots:
(a) Develop from radical
(b) Develop from flower
(c) Develop from embryo
(d) Develop from any part of plant body except radical
26. The arrangement of leaves on stem is called:
(a) Venation (b) Vernation (c) Phyllotaxy (d) Axis
27. Stem modified into flattened photosynthetic structure is:
(a) Phyllode (b) Bulbil (c) Phylloclade (d) Tendril
28. Nodulated roots occur in:
(a) Leguminoceae (b) Solanaceae (c) Malvaceae (d) Papilionaceae
29. Insectivorous plants catch insects for obtaining:
(a) Na - K (b) Taste (c) Phosphorus (d) Nitrogen
30. Petiole is modified into tendril in
(a) Passiflora (b) Gloriosa (c) Pisum (d) clematis
31. Thorn is a stem structure because it:
(a) Develops from trunk (b) Develops from apical bud
(c) modification of bank floralbud (d) is pointed
32. Vegetative reproduction of Agave occurs through:
(a) Rhizome (b) Stolon (c) Bulbils (d) Sucker
33. What is the eye of potato ?
(a) Axillary bud (b) Accessory bud (c) Adventitious bud (d) Apical bud
34. If a raceme inflorescence is branched , it is call?
(a) Umbel (b) spike (c) Cymose (d) Panicle
35. Zig-zag development of inflorescence axis is an example of:
a) Helicoid cyme b) Scorpioid c) Umbel d) Compound umbel
36. Opposite decussate phyllotaxy is found in:
a) Calotropis b) Mango c) Hibiscus d) Nerium
37. A brightly coloured bract like covering associated with the banana inflorescence is called:
a) Spathe b) Scape c) Spiral d) Scapigeron
38. Inflorescence is :
a) Number of flower present on an axis
b) Arrangement of flowers on an axis
c) Method of the opening of flower
d) Type of flower borne on peduncle
39. In monocot male gametophyte is:
a) Megaspore b) Nucleus c) Microspore d) Tetrad
40. A catkin of unisexual flower is found in:
a) Mulberry b) Wheat c) Onion d) Grass
