NEET UG Biology Chemical Coordination and Control MCQs

IMPORTANT POINTS

Animals maintain dynamic equilibrium amongst different physiological processes. Endrocrine glands play an important role in regulating various physiological processes, in contantly changing enviornment. ADH secretion either stops or decreases, when water amount in body increases. Hence concentration of urine decrease and surplus water of body is removed. When sugar in blood increases , immediately insulin will convert this surplus glucose into glycogen and minimum required glucose level of the blood is maintained. Endocrine glands are ductless gland, its secretion is poured in the blood. Endocrine gland are very sepcific vary greatly in their location, embryonic origin and functions.

Pituitary gland and pineal gland are found in head region. Thyroid gland is present in neck, Thymus gland is present in thoracic region, Adrenal gland and ovary are presnt in abdominal region. Testes are present outside body in scrotum (As development of sperm require comparatively less temperature, than normal body temperature).

The secretions of endocrine glands are different from each other in their chemical nature. Hormones of Pituitary, Pineal and cells of islet of Langerhans are chemically peptide or polypeptie and protien. Hormones of adrenal cortex are steroids. Epinephrin (Hormone of adrenal ) is derivative of amino acid. Hypothalamus regulate secretion of anterion pituitary gland through various releasing hormones (RH). Posterior pituitary lobes hormone are secreted by hypothalamus neurons directly Other than GH, every hormone of anterior pituitary strimulates some other gland of body to relase its homrone,

Hence these hormones are called tropic hormone. GH directly act on the cells and tissues and regulates their growth. Pineal glands secretion mainly regulates 24 hours rhythm of body Hormones of thyroid gland [Thyroxine, TCT] controls processes like carbohydrate metabolism. ATP synthesis and osteoblast. Hormones of parathyroid gland regulate Ca+2 level in blood. Thymus gland atrophies in adult, its hormone provide immunity to the body. they stimulate development and differentiation of T-lymphocytes. It also gives humoral immunity and stimulates antibody production.

The adrenal gland is presnet in abdominal region and it is divided in to two disnict regions; cortex and medulla. Hormones of cortex regulates carbohydrate metabolism and osmoregulation, Glucocorticoids of cortex region regulates carbohydrate metabolisum, mineralocorticoids of cortex region regulates level of water and mineral ions. Sexcorticoids of adrenal cortex enhances secondary sexual characters. Adrenal medulla secretion epinephrine and non-epinephrine, which are called catecholamine. All physiological changes, which arises in stress conditions are under the effect of these hormones. Cells of islet of langerhans make endocrine part of pancreas. Insulin and glucogon are secreted by endocrine part of pancreas and they regulate sugar level in blood. 

Ovary and testes are endocrine glands. Ovary secretes Estrogen, progesterone and relaxin. Testes secretes androgens. Testosterone is the most potent hormone. These hormone regulates expression of secondary sexual characteristics.

Other endrocrine gland, there are several non-endrocrine cells/ tissuse known to secrete certain secretions, which are known as growth factors. these growth factors have role in general growth and the process like regeneration. ANF (secreted by atrial wall of heart). Etrythropoietin (secreted by JGA), CCK, GIP (secreted by gastro-intestinal wall) are examples of growth factors. Precisely hormones are chemical messangers, which regulates growth and development by accelerating or inhibiting enzyme activity.

For the given questions select the correct option (a, b, c, d) each carries one mark.

1. By which structure, hypothalamus is connected with anteriore lobe of pituitary gland?

(a) Dendrites of neurohypophysis

(b) Axons of neurohypophysis

(c) Bands of white fibres from cerebellar region

(d) Hypophysial portal system

2. What does “a” indicate in the given diagram?

(a) Arterial circulaton   (b) Portal circulation

(c) Hypothalamus glomerulus   (d) None of the given

3. If secretary cells of GHRH are damaged then ......

(a) The process of cell division will be adversely affected

(b) Urine amount will increase

(c) Sugar level in blood increases

(d) ADH secretion will increase 

4. Pituitary gland is located in a, which is b of c bone?

(A) a = Sella turcica

b = Raised surface

c = Ethmoid

(B) a = Reketh’s pauchb = Depression

c = Nasal

(C) a = Sella turcica

b = Depression

c= Sphenoid

(D) a = Reketh’s pauch

b = Depression

c = Sphenoid

5. Which of the following hormone is directly acting on tissue cells?

(a) STH (b) TSH (c) LTH (d) ACTH

6. Which of the following is not effect of GH?

(a) Dwarfism (b) Cretinism (c) Development of all tissue (d) Giantism

7. Which of the following is correct for somatotropic hormone?

(a) Less secretions of it causes Giantism

(b) More secretion of it causes Dwarfism

(c) Optimal secretion of it can retards protein synthesis

(d) In adult, its more secretion causes enlargement of lower jaw

8. Write full form of ACTH?

(a) Adrenal Cortical Tropic hormone (b) Adrenocortico Target hormone

(c) Adrenocortex Tropic hormone (d) Adrenocortico Tropic hormone

9. Which of the following option indicates correctly matched pairs for the column I and column II

     Column I            Column II

(p) PH              (i) Contraction of smooth muscles of body

(q) LH             (ii) Secretion of Glucocorticoids

(r) ACTH          (iii) Secretion of milk after delivery

(s) Oxytocin     (iv) Secretion of male sex hormone

(a)(p - i) (q- ii) (r - iii) (s - iv)

(b)(p - iii) (q- iv) (r - ii) (s - i)

(c)(p - ii) (q- iii) (r - iv) (s - i)

(d)(p - iii) (q- iv) (r - i) (s - ii)

10. Which of the following are effects of Vasopressin?

(a) Incresed glucose level

(b) High BMR

(c) Accumulation of fat under skin

(d) Reabsorption of water and electrolytes

11. Which of the following option is correct for the location of pineal gland?

(a) Under corpus callosum and between cerebral hemisphere

(b) Above corpus callosum and between cerebral hemisphere

(c) Under corpus collosum and between cerebellar hemisphere

(d) Lateral to cerebellar hemisphere

12. Which hormone regulate 24-hr rhythm of our body?

(a) Somatotropic (b) LTH (c) Melatonin (d) T4 and T3

13. It is correct for the function of pineal gland?

(a) To maintain ovarian follicle

(b) Self defense capability

(c) To maintain mineral ions in body

(d) Loss of water from body

14. It stimulates reabsorption of water from distal tubule of kidney

(a) ADH (b) Oxytocin

(c) Glucagon (d) None of the given

15. Which cells are present on the wall of thryoid follicle?

(a) Squamous (b) Cuboidal

(c) Columnar (d) Ciliated squamous

16. Which of the following shows abnormality in skin, stunted growth and deaf-mutism?

(a) Exophthalmic goiter

(b) Hypothrodism, myxoadema

(c) Hypothrodism, cretinism

(d) Hyperthrodism, cretinism

17. Which of the following causes formation of osteoblast?

(a) Thyroxine (b) PTH (c) Thyrocalcitonin (d) T3

18. What is cause of exophthalmic goiter?

(a) Less secretion of thyroid (b) Under secretion of parathyroid

(c) Oversecretion of parathroid (d) Oversecretion of thyroid

19. a and b hormones together maintain Ca⁺² level of body?

(a) PTH and TCT

(b) PTH and aldosterone

(c) TCT and ADH

(d) T3 and T4

26. Which hormone’s secretion increases in emergency?

(a) Thyroxine (b) Parathormone (c) Adrenaline (d) Aldosterone

 

27. which of the following option is correct for secretion of region labelled as “a” and “b” in the given diagram?

 

(A) a = Aldosterone

b = Cortisol

(B) a = Adrenaline

b = Cortisol

(C) a = Glucocorticoids

b = Adrenaline

(D) a = nor - epinephrine

b = Adrenaline

 

66. Secretion of which hormone; if decreases can cause addission’s disease?

(a) PTH (b) TCT (c) ACTH (d) oxytocin

 

67. Several statements are given in reference with thyroid gland; which of the given option shows all wrong statements for thyroid gland Statements

(i) It inhibits process of R.B.C. formation

(ii) It helps in maintanance of water and electrolytes

(iii) Its more secretion can reduce blood pressure

(iv) It Stimulates osteoblast

(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (iii) and (iv) (C) (i) and (iv) (D) (i) and (iii)

 

68. Which of the following option is not correct for the state of body in stress ?

(a) Increased heat-beat (b) Increased alertness

(c) Increased glucose level of blood (d) Rate of protein synthesis increases

 

69. Which option is correct for the name and secretion of the gland labelled as “a”?

 

(a) Pancreas-insulin

(b) Pancreas-oxytocin

(c) Liver-bile

(d) Thymus-Thymosine

In question number 82 to 101 statements are given. For the given statements which of the following option is correct Option (for 82 to 101)

(A) x and y are correct and y is correct explanation of x

(B) x and y are correct and y is not correct explanation of x

(C) x is correct and y is wrong

(D) y is correct and x is wrong

 

 

 

 

 

102. If receptor molecule is removed from target organ for hormone action, the target organ will.

(A) Continue to respond but in opposite

(B) not respond to hormone

(C) Continue to respond but require higher concentration of hormone

(D) continue to respond with out any difference 

 

103. Match the list-I with list-II

               list-I                  list-II

p. adenohypophysis       i. epinephrine

q. adrenal medulla        ii. somatotropin

r. Parathyroidgland        iii. thymosin

s. thymus gland            iv. calcitonin

(A) (p : iv), (q : iii), (r : ii), (s : i)

(B) (p: iii), (q : i), (r : iv), (s : ii)

(C) (p : i), (q: ii), (r : iii), (s : iv)

(D) (p : ii), (q : i), (r : iv), (s : iii)

 

104. Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action ?

(A) cGMP (B) Calcium (C) Sodium (D) cAMP

 

 

(A) a = GnRH, b = STH, c =LH, d = uterus

(B) a = GnRH, b = FSH/LH, c = estrogen or progesterone, d = uterus

(C) a = GnRH, b = TSH, c = LTH, d = uterus

(D) a = GnRH, b = ACTH, c = LH, d = uterus

 

106. match item in column-I with those given in column-II

      column-I        column-II

p. ADH             a. Pituitary

q. ACTH           b. mineralocorticoid

r. aldosterone   c. diabetes mellitus

s. insulin          d. diabetes inspidus

t. adrenaline     e. vasodilator

(A) (p - d) (q - a) (r - c) (s - b) (t - e) (B) (p - a) (q - d) (r - b) (s - c) (t - e)

(C) (p - d) (q - a) (r - b) (s - c) (t - e) (D) (p - d) (q - b) (r - a) (s - c) (t - e)

 

107. Which of the following indicates correctly matched pairs for column-I and column-II

   column-I               column-II

p ledyigs cells           (i) Tetany

q Hyperthyrodism     (ii) GH

r Adenohypophysis   (iii) ACTH

s Dwarfism              (iv) Testosterone

(A) (p - iv) (q - i) (r - iii) (s - ii)

(B) (p - i) (q - iv) (r - ii) (s - iii)

(C) (p - i) (q - ii) (r - iii) (s - iv)

(D) (p - iii) (q - i) (r - iv) (s - ii)

 

108. mainly which of the following hormones control menstrual cycle in human being 

(A) FSH, LH, Estrogen (B) oxytocin (C) PTH (D) ACTH

 

109. On seeing a Tiger, the heart beat and blood pressure increase due to release of hormone:

(A) Corticoids (B) Thyroxine (C) Adrenaline (D) parathormone

 

110. Match the endocrine gland, given under column-I with their respective position in the body given under column-II choose the answer which gives the correct combination of alphabets of two columns:

  column-I                    column-II

(Endocrine glands)    (Position in body)

a. pituitary gland      p. Above kidney

b. Thyroid gland       q. Inside pancreas

c. Adrenal gland       r. On larynx

d. Islets of langerhans t. At the base of brain

(A) (a - t) (b - r) (c - p) (d - q)

(B) (a - s) (b - t) (c - p) (d - q)

(C) (a - p) (b - q) (c - r) (d - t)

(D) (a - q) (b - s) (c - t) (d - p)

 

111. If Adenohypohysectomy is done in adult, then which of the followings is the correct statement :

(A) Gigantism

(B) Acromegaly

(C) B.M.R will be affected

(D) It will affect growth of testis and ovary

 

112. The immediate cause of induction of ovulation in the human female is the large plasma surge of :

(A) LH (B) Estrodiol (C) FSH (D) Progesterone

 

113. Glucagon and insulin are : 

(A) Secreted from same cell and are same in function

(B) Secreted from same cells but are opposite in function

(C) Antagonistic secretion action and similar function

(D) Secreted from different cells but are opposite in function

 

114. What is the function of enterogastrone ?

(A) It stimulates the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach

(B) It stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice

(C) It regulates the flow of bile

(D) It inhibits the secretion of gastric juice

 

115. Ca⁺ metabolism is regulated by : 

(A) ACTH (B) Thyroxine (C) Parathormone (D) Epinephrine

 

116. Heavy jaws, long face, long extremities are caused by :

(A) undersecretion of hormone of posterior lobe of pituitary

(B) oversecretion of hormone of anterior lobe of pituitary after pubenty

(C) undersecretion of hormone of antrior lobe of pituitary

(D) oversecretion of hormone of posterior lobe of pituitary

 

117. FSH and LH hormones together are called : 

(A) GTH (B) Stress removing hormones

(C) Emergency hormones (D) Neurohormones

 

118. Deficiency of calciferol causes : 

(A) Scurvy (B) Leucopenia (C) Rickets (D) Leukaemia

 

119. Vasopressin is found in : 

(A) Posterior lobe of pituitary (B) Intestine

(C) Kindey (D) Liver

 

120. Which hormone stmulits stomach to secrete gastric juice?

(A) Enterokinase (B) enterogastrone (C) Renin (D) Gastrin

 

121. What is Precursor of adrenaline, thyroxin and melanin pigment ?

(A) Proline (B) Tryptophan (C) Glycine (D) Tyrosine

 

122. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with disease resulting from its deficiency ? 

(A) Relaxin - Gigantism (B) Parathyroid hormone - Tetany

(C) Insulin - Diabetes insipidus (D) Prolactin - Cretinism

 

123. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from is deficiency ? 

(A) Luetinizing hormone - failure of ovulation (B) Thyroxine - Tetany

(C) Insulin - Diabetes insipidus (D) Parathyroid hormone - Diabetes mellitus

 

124. Chemically the hormones are : 

(A) Steroids only

(B) Proteins, steroids and biogenic amines.

(C) Proteins only

(D) Biogenic amines only

 

125. Which of the following hormones is not a secretion product of human placenta ? 

(A) Progesterone (B) HCG (C) Prolactin (D) Estrogens

 

126. Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoryed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. which hormone intiated this action ? 

(A) Gastrin (B) Thyroxine (C) Adrenaline (D) Glucagon

 

127. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct option. 

        list-I                                list-II

a) Adrenaline                      1 Myxoedema

b) Hyperparathyroidism       2 Accelerates heart beat

c) Oxytocin                        3 Salt - water balance

d) Hypothyroidism              4 Child birth

e) Aldosterone                   5 Demineralisation

(A) (a - 5) (b - 3) (c - 2) (d - 4) (e - 1)

(B) (a - 2) (b - 5) (c - 4) (d - 1) (e - 3)

(C) (a - 5) (b - 3) (c - 4) (d - 2) (e - 1)

(D) (a - 2) (b - 3) (c - 4) (d - 5) (e - 1)

 

128. Column-I lists the endocrine structure and column-II lists the corresponding hormones match the two column. Identify the correct option those given. 

     column-I               column-II

a. Hypothalamus        p. relaxin

b. anterior pituitary    q. estrogen

c. testis                     r. FSH and LH

d. ovary                    s. androgens

                                t. gonadotropin releasing hormones

(A) (a - r) (b - t) (c - s) (d - q)

(B) (a - t) (b - r) (c - s) (d - q)

(C) (a - p) (b - q) (c - s) (d - r)

(D) (a - t) (b - r) (c - q) (d - s)

 

129. It is the parathyroid gland

(A) decreases blood ca⁺² level

(B) Increases blood ca⁺² level

(C) promotes collagen synthesis by osteoblasts

(D) All of the given

 

130. Removal of which of the following causes an immediate menstruation ?

(A) Estrogen (B) FSH (C) FSH - RH (D) Progesterone

 

131. Which of the following is not a effect of hypothyrodism ? 

(A) Mental stress (B) edema

(C) Increases Ca⁺² level in blood (D) to be lethargic