NEET UG Biology Biotechnology Principles and processes MCQs

IMPORTANT POINTS

Biotechnology may be defined as the use of microorganisms animals of plants cells of their components to generate products and services useful to human beings. Genetic engineering and maintenance of sterile condition in chemical engineering process have given the birth to modern biotechonology.

The basic principles of Recombinant DNA Technology involve the stages like generation of DNA fragments and selection of the desired pieces of DNA, insertion of the selected DNA into a cloning vector i.e. plasmid, to create a recombinant DNA, Introduction of the recombinant vectors into host cells (e.g. Bacteria), multiplication and reflaction of clones containing the recombinant molecules and expression of gene to produce the desired product. The tools required in the recombinant DNA technology include restriction enzymes,cloning vectors and competent host.

The term DNA recombinant technology refer to the transfer of segment of DNA from one organism to another organism (host cell) where it reproduce.The proces involve a sequence of steps like isolation of genetic material,Cutting of DNA at specific site,amplification of gene of interest using PCR,insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell organism obtaining the foreign gene product and downstream processing.

(1)The enzymes that cuts specifically recognition sites in the DNA is known as

(a) DNA ligase

(b) DNA Polymerase

(c) Reverse transcriptase

(d) Restriction endonuclease

(2) DNA can be introduced into any cell by

(a) Injection

(b) being complexed with Ca salts

(c) gel electrophoresis

(d) being placed along with

(3) Ability of a plant or animal cell to repeatedly divide and differentiate into a complete organism is :-

(a) cloning

(b) DNA finger printing

(c) cellular totipotency

(d) mitosis

(4) Restriction endonuclease is also known as -

(a) molecular glue

(b) DNA ligase

(c) DNA Polymerase

(d) molecular scissors

(5) Extra chromosomal small cirular double stranded DNA molecule in a bacterial cell is stranded DNA molecule in bacterial cell is

(a) Plastid

(b) Plasmid

(c) Mitochondrion

(d) Chloroplast

(6) Introduction of foreign genes into plant or animal cells using micropipettes is

(a) Electroporation

(b) Chemical - mediated genetransfer

(c) microinjection

(d) Particle gun

(7) Which one of the following is releated with genetic engineering ?

(a) Mulations

(b) Ribosomes

(c) Mitochondria

(d) Plasmids

(8) In bacteria, genes for antibiotic resistance are usually located in

(a) Plasmids

(b) Cytoplasm

(c) Mitochondria

(d) Nucleus

(9) A technique used to make numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA quickly and accurately

(a) Translation

(b) transcription

 (c) Ligase chain reaction

(d) polymerase chain reaction

(10) The enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific sites, producing sticky ends is called

(a) Restriction endonuclease

(b) Cleaving enzyme

(c) Lysing enzyme

(d) Exonuclease

(11) Which of the Following is a genetic vector ?

(a) Plasmid (b) Phage (c) Cosmid (d) All of these

(12) Restriction endonucleases are used in genetic engineering because -

(a) They can degrade harmful proteins

(b) They can join DNA fragments

(c) They can cut DNA at specific base sequences

(d) They can cut DNA at variable sites

(13) Ideal host for the amplification of DNA molecules is

(a) Viruses (b) Plants (c) Bacteria (d) Animals

(14) Ti Plasmid naturally occurs in

(a) Agro bacterium (b) Corynebacterium (c) Staphylococcus (d) Vibrio

(15) The sticky ends of Fragmented DNA molecules are made up of

(a) calcuim salts (b) endo nuclease (c) un paired bases (d) methyl groups

(16) Which of the following are the essential requirements for recombination ?

(a) Single stranded DNA (b) DNA ligase

(c) DNA Polymerase I (d) All of the above

(17) The Plasmid derived from E.Coli is

(a) PBR327 (b)PBR322 (c) both a above (d) None

(18) Ti Plasmid is useful in

(a) bringing new genes into animal cells (b) bringing new genes into plant cells

(c) to nearly any sites on a chromosome (d) bringing tumour cells into plant cells

(19) Many copies of a DNA molecule in a test tube are procurred by

(a) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (b) Molecular chain reaction (MCR)

(c) Ephemeral chain reaction (ECR) (d) All of these

(20) Bam H I, ECo R I, Sal I are the types of

(a) restriction endonucleasses (b) restraction endoxidases

(c) restriction exonucleases (d) restriction polymerases

(21) Retro viruses have genetic matetial which is

(a) DNA (b) RNA (c) both DAN & RNA (d) proteins

(22) Genetic engineering is possile because

(a) the phenomenon of transducation in bacteria is well understood

(b) we can see DNA by electron microscope

(c) we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNA ase I

(d) restrication endonuclease purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

(23) Plasmids are the suitable vectors for genetic cloning as ____

(a) they are indispendable

(b) they are self replicating units

(c) they are essential for bacterial reproducation

(d) None of the above

(24) Which of the following is used in genetic engineering ?

(a) Restrication endonuclease (b) Mycobacterium

(c) Entameha (d) Pepsin

(25) The first hormone artificially produced by culturing bacteria is______

(a) Insulin (b) thyroxine (c) Testosterone (d) Adrenaline

(26) When the number of genes increases in response to some signal the effect is called ____

(a) gene dosage (b)Gene pool

(c) gene amplification (d) gene freaquency

(27) Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched ?

(a) RNA polymerase - RNA primer

(b) Restrication enzymes - Genetic engineering(c) Centeral dogma - codon

(d) okazaki fragments - splicing

(28) Plasmids are autonomously replicating mini chromosomes found in ____

(a) Bachterio phage lambda (b) Leishmania donovani

(c) Escherichia coli (d) para moecium caudatum

(29) Improvement of genotype of an organism by addition of some foreigm gene is ____

(a) genetic diversity (b) gene handing

(c) tissue cutlure (d) genetic engineering

(30) Two bacteria found to be very useful in genetic engineering experiments are _____

(a) Nitrosomonas and Klebsiella (b) Escherichia and Agrobacterium

(c) Nitrobacter and Azotobacter (d) Rhizobium and Diplococcus

(31) Restriction enzymes are isolated chielfy from _____

(a) Algae (b) Fungi (c) Protozoans (d) Prokaryotes

(32) There are special proteins that help to open up DNA double helix in front of the reaplication work . these proteins are_____

(a) DNA gyrase (b) DNA polymerase I

(b) DNA ligase (d) DNA topoisomerase

(33) Technology which uses living components for the welfare of human being is ___

(a) Biology (b) Botany (C) Bioinformatics (D) Biotechnology

(34) Which prosess is involved in making bread cheese, beer and wine ?

(a) Respiration / hydrolysis (B) Degradation

(C) Fermentation (D) Decomposition

(35) EFB stands for ____

(a) European Foudation of Biotechnology

(B) European Foundation of Biology

(c) European Foundation of Biotechnology

(d) European Foundation of Biology

(36) The organism whoes gene have been artificially altered for desired efect is called as______

(a) genetically mutant organism (b) gene transfer

(c) genetically modified organism (d) Genetically transferred organism

(37) The sequence of DNA that reads the same backward and forward across the double strand is ____

(a) Recipient sequence (B) palindromic sequence

(c) Replicate sequence (d) origin sequence

(38) How many restriction enzymes are known to be isolated ?

(a) more than 800 (b) more than 700

(c) more than 600 (d) more than 900

(39) Which of the following step is necessary part of DNA recombination technology ?

(a) Insertion of DNA fragment into vector

(b) Insertion of vector into Bacteria

(c) multiplication of the clones containing the recombination molecule

(d) All the above

(40) Restriction enzymes belong to which class of enzymes ?

(a) Nucleolase (b) Exo nucleases

(c) Nucleases (d) Endonucleases

(41) A sequence of in a genome at which replication is intiated in ____

(a) origin of relpication (b) selectable marker

(c) cloning site (d) origin of restriction

(42) Genes which helps in the growth of transformants are ____

(c) origin of restriction (d) selectable marker

(43) Ti Plasmid is a cloning vector which works with

(a) All the plants (b) Dicots only

(c) Monocots only (d) Thallophytes only

(44) During which of the following techniques host cells are exposed to pulse of high voltage current ?

(a) Electroporation (b) Particle Bombard ments

(c) Micro injection (d) lipofection

(45) Particle bombardment technique is also known as ____

(a) Lipofection (b) Electroporation (c) Biolistic (d) Micro injection

(46) Which enzyme is used to break the membrane to relase plant DNA ?

(a) Lysozyme (b) Chitinase (c) Cellulose (d) All the above

(47) Which enzyne is used to break the membrane to relase animal DNA ?

(a) Lysozyme (b) chitinase (c) Celluose (d) All the above

(48) Which is the first step in the process recombinant DNA technology ?

(a) denaturing of DNA (b) Annealing of DNA

(c) Isolation of Donor DNA (d) Down streaming

(49) Which primers are used in annealing during amplification of gene ?

(a) Reverse primers (b) Forward primers

(c) Oligo nucleotide primer (d) Internal primers

(50) What is temperature required for annealing of DNA molecule ?

(a) 50-65°C (b) 30-35°C

(c) 40-45° C (d) 20-25° C

(51) Which of the following is related with genetic engineering ?

(a) Breeding (b) somatic hybridization

(c) mutation (d) Transgenic

(52) What is C - DNA ?

(a) circular DNA

(b) Cloned DNA

(c) DNA produced from reverse transcription of RNA

(d) Cytoplasmic DNA

(53) Which of the bollowing statement is incorrect ?

(a) cosmid contains gene coding for viral protein

(b) cosmid relpicates like plasmids

(c) cosmid has antibioticresistant marker gene

(d) cos sit has 12 bases helping to join complete genome to make it circular

(54) The genetic recombinants obtained by in sertion of plasmid into 1 phage genome is called

(a) cosmid (b) plasmid

(c) phagmid (d) foreign DNA

(55) TATAATG sequnce near the RNA start point of phokaryotic promoter is ____

(a) NICKS (b) DNA marker

(c) pallindrome (d) pribnow box

(56) Exonucleases cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end of polynucleotide chain are.

(a) Specific for 5’ end of RNA strand (b) specific for 3’ end of RNA strand

(c) specific for both 5’ and 3’ ends of nucleotide strand

(d) Non- specific for 5’ and 3’ ends of nucleotide

(57) Genes that are involved in turning on or off the transcription of a set of structural genes are called

(a) Polymorphic genes (b) operator gene

(c) Rebundant gene (d) Regulatory gene

(58) This segment of DNA restuction sites I and II which create restriction fragments a,b and c which of the following gel (s) Produces by electrophoresis would represent the separation and identity of these fragments ?

(59) Enzymes used in PCR is ____

(a) taq polymerase

(b) gyrase

(c) transcriptase

(d) hexokinase

(60) What are structure labelled A & B respectively

(a) EcoRv restriction endonuclease and E coRv ligase

(b) EcoRv ligase and EcoRv nuclease and EcoRvmethlase

(c) Eco–– Rv restriction endo EcoRv methylase

(d) EcoRv Polymerase and EcoRv methylase

(61) Can you pick up from the figure how bacteria protects its own genone from degradation by restreiction endonuclease ?

(a) site specific coupling

(b) site specific oxidizing

(c) site specific oxidizing

(d) site specific methylases

(62) EcorI, EcoRv and Sac I are types of restriction enzymes Three types of termini can be generated (1) 51 staggered and (2) Blund ends (e) 31 staggered ends 51 termini of each strand in the cleavage product retain phosphory, group from the phosphodiester bond 31 termini are hydroxylated which of the following is correct answer ?

(a) All of these produce sticky ends

(b) All of them produce blunt ends

(c) Each one of them can produce sticky and blunt ends

(d) All of them act on pallindromic sequences

(75) Which one of the follwing Palindromic base sequence in DNA can be easily cut at about the middle by some Particular restriction enzyme? 

 

(76) Gentic engineering has been sucessfully used for producing ___ 

(a) trangenic models for studying new treatments for Certain cardiac diseases.

(b) transgenic Cow - Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee.

(c) animals linke bulies for farm work as they have super power.

(d) transgenic mice for testing safety of polio Vaccine before use in humans.

 

(77) Match the following and choose the correct combination from the option given ____