NEET Biology Cell The Unit of Life MCQs Set C

Question: An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures present in the cytoplasm which helps in the maintenance of cell shape is called

• a) Cytoskeleton
• b) Plasmalemma
• c) Endoplasmic reticulum
• d) Thylakoid

Answer: Cytoskeleton

Question: The plasma membrane consists mainly of

• a) Proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
• b) Proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules
• c) Phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer
• d) Proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

Answer: Proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Question:  Identify the components labelled A, B, C and D in the diagram below from the list (i) to (viii) given along with

• a) A B C D-(v) (iv) (viii) (iii)
• b) A B C D-(i) (iv) (viii) (vi)
• c) A B C D-(vi) (v) (iv) (vii)
• d) None of these

Answer: A B C D-(v) (iv) (viii) (iii)

Question: Plasmodesmata are

• a) Connections between adjacent cells
• b) Membranes connecting the nucleus with plasmalemma
• c) Locomotory structures
• d) Lignified cemented layers between cells

Answer: Connections between adjacent cells

Question: Middle lamella is composed mainly of

• a) Calcium pectate
• b) Phosphoglycerides
• c) Hemicellulose
• d) Muramic acid

Answer: Calcium pectate

Question: Cytoskeleton is made up of

• a) Proteinaceous filaments
• b) Callose deposits
• c) Cellulosic microfibrils
• d) Calcium carbonate granules

Answer: Proteinaceous filaments

Question: Vacuole in a plant cell

• a) Is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances
• b) Is membrane-bound and contains storage proteins and lipids
• c) Lacks membrane and contains water and excretory substances
• d) Lacks membrane and contains air

Answer:  Is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances

Question: Polysome is formed by

• a) Several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
• b) Ribosomes attached to each other in a linear arrangement
• c) Many ribosomes attached to a strand ofendoplasmic reticulum
• d) A ribosome with several subunits

Answer: Several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA

Question: Keeping in view the ‘fluid mosaic model’ for the structure of cell membrane, which one of the following statements is correct w.r.t. the movement of lipids and proteins from one lipid monolayer to the other (described as flip-flop movement)?

• a) While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot
• b) Neither lipids nor proteins can flip-flop
• c) Both lipids and proteins can flip-flop
• d) While proteins can flip-flop, lipids cannot

Answer: While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot

Question: In germinating seeds fatty acids are degraded exclusively in the

• a) Glyoxysomes
• b) Peroxisomes
• c) Proplastids
• d) Mitochondria

Answer: Glyoxysomes

Question: The two sub-units of ribosome remain united at a critical ion level of

• a) Magnesium
• b) Manganese
• c) Copper
• d) Calcium

Answer: Magnesium

Question: Which one of the following is not a constituent of cell membrane?

• a) Proline
• b) Glycolipids
• c) Cholesterol
• d) Phospholipids

Answer: Proline

Question: Select the wrong statement from the following:

• a) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane
• b) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane
• c) The chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria
• d) Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA.

Answer: Both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane

Question: Which of the following statements regarding mitochondrial membrane is not correct?

• a) The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane
• b) The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules
• c) The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings
• d) The outer membrane resembles a sieve

Answer: The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane

Question: A major breakthrough in the studies of cells came with the development of electron microscope. This is because

• a) The resolution power of the electron microscope is much higher than that of the light microscope
• b) The resolving power of the electron microscope is 200 – 350 nm as compared to 0.1 – 0.2 nm for the light microscope
• c) Electron beam can pass through thick materials, whereas light microscopy requires thin sections
• d) The electron microscope is more powerful than the light microscope as it uses a beam of electrons which has wavelength much longer than that of photons

Answer: The resolution power of the electron microscope is much higher than that of the light microscope

Question: Which of the following statements regarding cilia is not correct?

• a) The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca²⁺ across the membrane
• b) Cilia contain an outer ring of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two single microtubules
• c) Cilia are hair-like cellular appendages
• d) Microtubules of cilia are composed of tubulin

Answer: The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca²⁺ across the membrane

Question:  The main organelle involved in modification and routing of newly synthesized proteins to their destinations is

• a) Endoplasmic reticulum
• b) Lysosome
• c) Chloroplast
• d) Mitochondria

Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum

Question: A student wishes to study the cell structure under a light microscope having 10X eyepiece and 45X objective. He should illuminate the object by which one of the following colours of light so as to get the best possible resolution?

• a) Blue
• b) Red
• c) Green
• d) Yellow

Answer: Blue

Question: Chlorophyll in chloroplasts is located in

• a) Grana
• b) Pyrenoid
• c) Stroma
• d) None of these

Answer:  Grana

Question: Protein synthesis in an animal cell occurs

• a) On ribosomes present in cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria
• b) Only on the ribosomes present in cytosol
• c) Only on ribosomes attached to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum
• d) On ribosomes present in the nucleolus as well as in cytoplasm

Answer: On ribosomes present in cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria

Question: According to widely accepted “fluid mosaic model” cell membranes are semi-fluid, where lipids and integral proteins can diffuse randomly. In recent years, this model has been modified in several respects. In this regard, which of the following statements is incorrect?

• a) Proteins can also undergo flip-flop movements in the lipid bilayer
• b) Proteins can remain confined within certain domains of the membrane
• c) Proteins in cell membranes can travel within the lipid bilayer
• d) Many proteins remain completely embedded within the lipid bilayer

Answer: Proteins can also undergo flip-flop movements in the lipid bilayer

Question: Genes for cytoplasmic male sterility in plants are generally located in

• a) Mitochondrial genome
• b) Chloroplast genome
• c) Cytosol
• d) Nuclear genome

Answer: Mitochondrial genome

Question: The term 'glycocalyx' is used for

• a) A layer surrounding the cell wall of bacteria
• b) A layer present between cell wall and membrane of bacteria
• c) Cell wall of bacteria
• d) Bacterial cell genetically engineered to possess N-glycosylated proteins

Answer: A layer surrounding the cell wall of bacteria

Question: Why is a capsule advantageous to a bacterium?

• a) It allows bacterium to hide from host's immune system
• b) It protects the bacterium from desiccation
• c) It provides means of locomotion
• d) It allows the bacterium to attach to the surface

Answer: It allows bacterium to hide from host's immune system

Question: Which one of the following organisms is not an example of eukaryotic cells?

• a) Escherichia coli
• b) Amoeba proteus
• c) Paramecium caudatum
• d) Euglena viridis

Answer:  Escherichia coli

Question: The prokaryotic flagella possess

• a) Helically arranged protein molecule
• b) Unit membrane enclosed fibre
• c) “9 + 2” membrane enclosed structure
• d) Protein membrane enclosed fibre

Answer: Helically arranged protein molecule

Question: The site of respiration in bacteria is

• a) Mesosome
• b) Episome
• c) Microsome
• d) Ribosome

Answer: Mesosome

Question: In prokaryotes, the genetic material is

• a) Circular DNA without histones
• b) Circular DNA with histones
• c) Linear DNA without histones
• d) Linear DNA with histones

Answer: Circular DNA without histones

Question: Algae have cell wall made up of

• a) Cellulose, galactans and mannans
• b) Pectins, cellulose and proteins
• c) Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins
• d) Hemicellulose, pectins and proteins

Answer: Cellulose, galactans and mannans

Question: Which one of the following structures between two adjacent cells is an effective transport pathway?

• a) Plasmodesmata
• b) Plasmalemma
• c) Plastoquinones
• d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: Plasmodesmata

Question: Which one of the following statements about cytochrome P₄₅₀ is wrong?

• a) It is a coloured cell
• b) It has an important role in metabolism
• c) It is an enzyme involved in oxidation reactions
• d) It contains iron

Answer: It is a coloured cell

Question: Which cell organelle is concerned with glycosylation of protein?

• a) Endoplasmic reticulum
• b) Ribosome
• c) Peroxisome
• d) Mitochondria

Answer:  Endoplasmic reticulum

Question: The Golgi apparatus

• a) Modifies and packages proteins
• b) Is found in prokaryotes
• c) Is found only in animals
• d) Is a site of rapid ATP production

Answer: Modifies and packages proteins

Question: Which one of the following organelles is located near the nucleus and contains a collection of flattened membrane bound cisternae?

• a) Golgi apparatus
• b) Centriole
• c) Mitochondrion
• d) Nucleolus

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Question: Which of the following organelles contain enzymes that have digestive action?

• a) Lysosomes
• b) Plastids
• c) Polysomes
• d) Ribosomes

Answer: Lysosomes

Question: Lysosomes are rich in

• a) Hydrolytic enzymes
• b) Nucleic acids
• c) Carbohydrates
• d) Hormones

Answer: Hydrolytic enzymes

Question: Heterophagosomes are

• a) Secondary lysosomes
• b) Primary lysosomes
• c) Autophagic vacuole
• d) Tertiary lysosomes

Answer: Secondary lysosomes

Question:

• a) Mitochondria-produce cellular energy in the form of ATP
• b) Endoplasmic reticulum-synthesis of lipids
• c) Golgi body-provides packaging material
• d) Lysosomes - secrete hydrolytic enzymes

Answer: Mitochondria-produce cellular energy in the form of ATP

Question: The inner membrane of the mitochondria is usually, highly convoluted, forming a series of infoldings known as

• a) Cristae
• b) Grana
• c) Lamellae
• d) Thylakoids

Answer: Cristae

Question: In mitochondria, cristae act as sites for

• a) Oxidation-reduction reaction
• b) Phosphorylation of flavoproteins
• c) Protein synthesis
• d) Breakdown of macromolecules

Answer: Oxidation-reduction reaction

Question: Which of the following type of plastids does not contain stored food material?

• a) Chromoplasts
• b) Elaioplasts
• c) Aleuroplasts
• d) Amyloplasts

Answer: Chromoplasts

Question: Elaioplasts store

• a) Fats
• b) Essential amino acids
• c)  Proteins
• d) Starch

Answer: Fats

Question: Extranuclear DNA is found in

• a) Chloroplast and mitochondria
• b) Golgi and E.R
• c) Lysosome and chloroplast
• d) Mitochondria and lysosome

Answer: Chloroplast and mitochondria

Question: In chloroplasts, chlorophyll is present in the

• a) Thylakoids
• b) Stroma
• c) Inner membrane
• d) Outer membrane

Answer: Thylakoids

Question: Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plant contains

• a) Ribosomes
• b) Light-independent reaction enzymes
• c) Chlorophyll
• d) Light-dependent reaction enzymes

Answer: Ribosomes

Question: The proteins are synthesized at

• a) Ribosomes
• b) Mitochondria
• c) Golgi bodies
• d) Centrosomes

Answer: Ribosomes

Question: Microtubule is involved in the

• a) Cell division
• b) DNA recognition
• c) Membrane architecture
• d) Muscle contraction

Answer: Cell division

Question: Microtubules are absent in

• a) Mitochondria
• b) Flagella
• c) Spindle fibres
• d) Centrioles

Answer: Mitochondria

Question:  Flagella of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in

• a) Microtubular organization and type of movement
• b) Type of movement and placement in cell
• c) Location in cell and mode of functioning
• d) Microtubular organization and function

Answer: Microtubular organization and type of movement

Question: Centromere is required for

• a) Poleward movement of chromosome
• b) Cytoplasmic cleavage
• c) Replication of DNA
• d) Chromosome segregation

Answer: Poleward movement of chromosome

Question: The point, at which polytene chromosome appear to be attached together, is called

• a) Chromocentre
• b) Centriole
• c) Chromomere
• d) Centromere

Answer: Chromocentre

Question: The maximum formation of mRNA occurs in

• a) Nucleoplasm
• b) Cytoplasm
• c) Nucleolus
• d) Ribosome

Answer:  Nucleoplasm

Question: Lampbrush chromosomes are seen in which typical stage?

• a) Meiotic prophase
• b) Mitotic metaphase
• c) Mitotic anaphase
• d) Mitotic prophase

Answer: Meiotic prophase

Question: Centromere is a part of

• a) Chromosome
• b) Endoplasmic reticulum
• c) Ribosomes
• d) Mitochondria

Answer: Chromosome

Question: The eukaryotic genome differs from the prokaryotic genome because

• a) Repetitive sequences are present in eukaryotes
• b) The DNA is circular and single stranded in prokaryotes
• c) The DNA is complexed with histone in prokaryotes
• d) Genes in the former case are organized into operons

Answer: Repetitive sequences are present in eukaryotes

Question: The polytene chromosomes were discovered for the first time in

• a) Cheironomus
• b) Musca nebula
• c) Musca domestica
• d) Drosophila

Answer: Cheironomus

Question: DNA is mainly found in

• a) Nucleus only
• b) Nucleolus
• c) Cytoplasm only
• d) None of these

Answer: Nucleus only

Question: Function of telomeres in nucleus is

• a) To seal the ends of chromosome
• b) Poleward movement
• c) To recognise the homologous chromosome
• d) To initiate the RNA synthesis

Answer: To seal the ends of chromosome

Question: Which of the following occurs more than one and less than five in a chromosome?

• a) Telomere
• b) Chromatid
• c) Centromere
• d) Chromosome

Answer: Telomere

Question: Ribosomes are produced in

• a) Nucleolus
• b) Cytoplasm
• c) Mitochondria
• d) Golgi body

Answer: Nucleolus

Question: The salivary gland chromosones in the dipteran larvae, are useful in gene mapping because

• a) These are easy to stain
• b) These are fused
• c) These are much longer in size
• d) They have endoreduplicated chromosomes

Answer: These are easy to stain

Question:  Genetically inactive and highly condensed region with tightly packed DNA is

• a) Heterochromatin
• b) Euchromatin
• c) Chromatin
• d) Chromosome

Answer: Heterochromatin

Question: Some of the enzymes, which are associated in converting fats into carbohydrates, are present in

• a) Glyoxysomes
• b) Microsomes
• c) Liposomes
• d) Golgi bodies

Answer: Glyoxysomes

Question: Which of the following organelle has single membrane?

• a) Sphaerosomes
• b) Mitochondria
• c) Nucleus
• d) Cell wall

Answer:  Sphaerosomes

Question: The motile bacteria are able to move by

• a) Flagella
• b) Fimbriae
• c) Cilia
• d) Pili

Answer: Flagella