IMPORTANT POINTS
Animals maintain dynamic equilibrium amongst different physiological processes. Endrocrine glands play an important role in regulating various physiological processes, in contantly changing enviornment.
ADH secretion either stops or decreases, when water amount in body increases. Hence concentration of urine decrease and surplus water of body is removed. When sugar in blood increases , immediately insulin will convert this surplus glucose into glycogen and minimum required glucose level of the blood is maintained. Endocrine glands are ductless gland, its secretion is poured in the blood. Endocrine gland are very sepcific vary greatly in their location, embryonic origin and functions.
Pituitary gland and pineal gland are found in head region. Thyroid gland is present in neck, Thymus gland is present in thoracic region, Adrenal gland and ovary are presnt in abdominal region. Testes are present outside body in scrotum (As development of sperm require comparatively less temperature, than normal body temperature).
The secretions of endocrine glands are different from each other in their chemical nature. Hormones of Pituitary, Pineal and cells of islet of Langerhans are chemically peptide or polypeptie and protien. Hormones of adrenal cortex are steroids. Epinephrin (Hormone of adrenal ) is derivative of amino acid.
Hypothalamus regulate secretion of anterion pituitary gland through various releasing hormones (RH). Posterior pituitary lobes hormone are secreted by hypothalamus neurons directly Other than GH, every hormone of anterior pituitary strimulates some other gland of body to relase its homrone, Hence these hormones are called tropic hormone. GH directly act on the cells and tissues and regulates their growth. Pineal glands secretion mainly regulates 24 hours rhythm of body Hormones of thyroid gland [Thyroxine, TCT] controls processes like carbohydrate metabolism.
ATP synthesis and osteoblast. Hormones of parathyroid gland regulate Ca+2 level in blood. Thymus gland atrophies in adult, its hormone provide immunity to the body. they stimulate development and differentiation of T-lymphocytes. It also gives humoral immunity and stimulates antibody production.
The adrenal gland is presnet in abdominal region and it is divided in to two disnict regions; cortex and medulla. Hormones of cortex regulates carbohydrate metabolism and osmoregulation, Glucocorticoids of cortex region regulates carbohydrate metabolisum, mineralocorticoids of cortex region regulates level of water and mineral ions. Sexcorticoids of adrenal cortex enhances secondary sexual characters. Adrenal medulla secretion epinephrine and non-epinephrine, which are called catecholamine. All physiological changes, which arises in stress conditions are under the effect of these hormones. Cells of islet of langerhans make endocrine part of pancreas. Insulin and glucogon are secreted by endocrine part of pancreas and they regulate sugar level in blood.
Ovary and testes are endocrine glands. Ovary secretes Estrogen, progesterone and relaxin. Testes secretes androgens. Testosterone is the most potent hormone. These hormone regulates expression of secondary sexual characteristics.
Other endrocrine gland, there are several non-endrocrine cells/ tissuse known to secrete certain secretions, which are known as growth factors. these growth factors have role in general growth and the process like regeneration. ANF (secreted by atrial wall of heart). Etrythropoietin (secreted by JGA), CCK, GIP (secreted by gastro-intestinal wall) are examples of growth factors. Precisely hormones are chemical messangers, which regulates growth and development by accelerating or inhibiting enzyme activity
For the given questions select the correct option (a, b, c, d) each carries one mark.
1. By which structure, hypothalamus is connected with anteriore lobe of pituitary gland?
(a) Dendrites of neurohypophysis (b) Axons of neurohypophysis
(c) Bands of white fibres from cerebellar region (d) Hypophysial portal system
2. What does “a” indicate in the given diagram?
(a) Arterial circulaton (b) Portal circulation
(c) Hypothalamus glomerulus (d) None of the given
3. If secretary cells of GHRH are damaged then ___
(a) The process of cell division will be adversely affected
(b) Urine amount will increase
(c) Sugar level in blood increases
(d) ADH secretion will increase
4. Pituitary gland is located in a, which is b of c bone?
(A) a = Sella turcica
b = Raised surface
c = Ethmoid
(B) a = Reketh’s pauch
b = Depression
c = Nasal
(C) a = Sella turcica
b = Depression
c= Sphenoid
(D) a = Reketh’s pauch
b = Depression
c = Sphenoid
5. Which of the following hormone is directly acting on tissue cells?
(a) STH (b) TSH (c) LTH (d) ACTH
6. Which of the following is not effect of GH?
(a) Dwarfism (b) Cretinism (c) Development of all tissue (d) Giantism
7. Which of the following is correct for somatotropic hormone?
(a) Less secretions of it causes Giantism
(b) More secretion of it causes Dwarfism
(c) Optimal secretion of it can retards protein synthesis
(d) In adult, its more secretion causes enlargement of lower jaw
8. Write full form of ACTH?
(a) Adrenal Cortical Tropic hormone (b) Adrenocortico Target hormone
(c) Adrenocortex Tropic hormone (d) Adrenocortico Tropic hormone
9. Which of the following option indicates correctly matched pairs for the column I and column II
Column I Column II
(p) PH (i) Contraction of smooth muscles of body
(q) LH (ii) Secretion of Glucocorticoids
(r) ACTH (iii) Secretion of milk after delivery
(s) Oxytocin (iv) Secretion of male sex hormone
(a)(p - i) (q- ii) (r - iii) (s - iv)
(b)(p - iii) (q- iv) (r - ii) (s - i)
(c)(p - ii) (q- iii) (r - iv) (s - i)
(d)(p - iii) (q- iv) (r - i) (s - ii)
10. Which of the following are effects of Vasopressin?
(a) Incresed glucose level
(b) High BMR
(c) Accumulation of fat under skin
(d) Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
11. Which of the following option is correct for the location of pineal gland?
(a) Under corpus callosum and between cerebral hemisphere
(b) Above corpus callosum and between cerebral hemisphere
(c) Under corpus collosum and between cerebellar hemisphere
(d) Lateral to cerebellar hemisphere
12. Which hormone regulate 24-hr rhythm of our body?
(a) Somatotropic (b) LTH (c) Melatonin (d) T4 and T3
13. It is correct for the function of pineal gland?
(a) To maintain ovarian follicle
(b) Self defense capability
(c) To maintain mineral ions in body
(d) Loss of water from body
14. It stimulates reabsorption of water from distal tubule of kidney
(a) ADH (b) Oxytocin
(c) Glucagon (d) None of the given
15. Which cells are present on the wall of thryoid follicle?
(a) Squamous (b) Cuboidal
(c) Columnar (d) Ciliated squamous
16. Which of the following shows abnormality in skin, stunted growth and deaf-mutism?
(a) Exophthalmic goiter
(b) Hypothrodism, myxoadema
(c) Hypothrodism, cretinism
(d) Hyperthrodism, cretinism
17. Which of the following causes formation of osteoblast?
(a) Thyroxine (b) PTH (c) Thyrocalcitonin (d) T3
18. What is cause of exophthalmic goiter?
(a) Less secretion of thyroid (b) Under secretion of parathyroid
(c) Oversecretion of parathroid (d) Oversecretion of thyroid
19. a and b hormones together maintain Ca+2 level of body?
(a) PTH and TCT
(b) PTH and aldosterone
(c) TCT and ADH
(d) T3 and T4
21. Which of the folllowing disorder occurs due to deficiency of ADH?
(a) Diabetes incipidus (b) Diabetes mellitus (c) Highly concentrated urine formation
(d) Rapid reabsorbtion of nutrient
22. It is required for differentiation of T-cells?
(a) T3 (b) Thymosin (c) T4 (d) Melatonin
23. What does “a” indicate in the given diagram, and what is the function of the labelled region?
(a) Thyroid; More Secration decreases BMR
(b) Parathyroid; regulate Ca+ level in blood
(c) Thyroid; regulate BMR
(d) Parathyroid; regulate BMR
24. Which hormone is secreted by Zona fasciculata?
(a) ADH (b) Mineralocorticoids (c) Glucocorticoids (d) Hydrocorticoids
25. Which of the following option is correct for the correctly matched groups of column I , column II and column III ?
(a) (a - iv - j), (b - ii - j), (c - iii - k), (d - u - f), (e - i - h)
(b) (a - iv - i), (b - ii - f), (c - iii - j), (d - u - k), (e - i - h)
(c) (a - iv - j), (b - ii - i), (c - iii - j), (d - u - k), (e - iii - h)
(d) (a - iv - g), (b - ii - k), (c - v - i), (d - i - j), (e - iii - f)
26. Which hormone’s secretion increases in emergency?
(a) Thyroxine (b) Parathormone (c) Adrenaline (d) Aldosterone
27. which of the following option is correct for secretion of region labelled as “a” and “b” in the given diagram?
(A) a = Aldosterone
b = Cortisol
(B) a = Adrenaline
b = Cortisol
(C) a = Glucocorticoids
b = Adrenaline
(D) a = nor - epinephrine
b = Adrenaline
28. Which of the following secretes mineralocorticoids?
(a) Zona glomerulosa (b) Zona Reticularis (c) Zona Fasciculata (d) Adrenal medulla
29. Which of the following stimulates adrenal gland in an emergency?
(a) Adrenal medulla (b) CNS (c) PNS (d) Mid-brain
30. Under secretion of which hormone can cause diabetes mellitus?
(a) Vasopressin (b) ADH (c) Aldesterone (d) Insulin
31. Which disease occurs due to less secretion of mineralocorticoids?
(a) Addison’s disease (b) Cretinism
(c) Myxodema (d) Cushing diseases
32. Which hormone increases blood calcium level?
(a) Thyroxine (b) Thyrocalcitonin
(c) PTH (d) All of the above
33. Which gland atrophies after puberty?
(a) Thymus (b) Thyroid (c) Parathyroid (d) adrenal
34. Secretion of which of the following is necessary for increase in uptake of glucose by liver and adipose cells ?
(a) Alpha cell of islet of Langerhans
(b) Beta cell of islet of Langerhans
(c) delta cells
(d) B cells of pancreatic acini
35. Which of the following hormones are concerned with osmoregulation?
(a) ADH and thyroxine (b) Aldosterone and Oxytocin
(c) Oxytocin and Glucocorticoids (d) All cortisols
36. Which hormone regulates colour of skin?
(a) MSH (b) LH (c) PTH (d) LTH
37. Which of the following hormone is not secreted under influnce of pituitary gland?
(a) Thyroxine (b) Aldosterone
(c) Oestrogen (d) Glucocorticoids
38. What is full form of FSH.
(a) Follicular Stimulating Hormone.
(b) Follicle Stimular Hormone.
(c) Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
(d) Follicular Stimular Hormone.
39. It causes glycogenesis?
(a) Glucogen (b) Insulin
(c) Melatonin (d) Somatostatin
40. What is related to region lablelled as "a" in the diagram?
(a) TCT (b) TSH (c) PTH (d) LH
41. Which option shows correct path of Libido expression?
(a) Leydig’s cells→ Androgen→sympathetic nervous system→Libido
(b) Androgen→Leydig’s cell→PNS→Libido
(c) Leydig’s cell→Androgen→CNS→Libido
(d) Epithelial cells and semini Ferous tubule→Androgen→CNS→ Libido
42. Which hormone regulates production of sperms?
(a) LH (b) LTH (c) FSH (d) All of the given
43. Which of the following is not primary endocrine gland?
(a) Adrenal medulla (b) Parathyroid gland (c) Thymus (d) Corpus luteum
44. Which hormone stimulates formation of alveoli in mammary gland?
(a) Oestrogen (b) Progesterone (c) Relaxin (d) Oxytocin
45. Who secrete ANF?
(a) Juxta glomerular appratus (b) Atrial wall of heart
(c) Outer wall of stomac (d) Ventricular wall of heart
46. What is full form of ANF?
(a) Atrial Natriuretic factor (b) Atrial Natural Factor
(c) Anti Natriuretic Factor (d) Anti Nutrient Factor
47. Find the odd (In terms of source )
(a) ANF (b) Vasopressin (c) Adrenaline (d) Aldosterone
48. Which of the following option indicates correctly matched group?
(a) CCK- Wall of duodenum-Relaxation of gall bladder
(b) JGA- Erythropoietin-Formation of R.B.C.
(c) JGA- Etrythropoietin-Degradation of R.B.C.
(d) GIP- Gastro- Intestinal- Stimulates gastric secretion
49. Which of the following is not effect of cathecholamine?
(a) Sweating (b) Warm red face
(c) Increase in blood sugar level (d) Decreased hear beat
50. What are hormone receptors chemically?
(a) Protein (b) Steroid (c) Polysaccharide (d) Phospholipid
51. Which of the following is not secondary messanger?
(a) AMP (b) IP3 (c) Ca+2 (d) T4
52. Which of the following glands hormone effects functioning of menstrual cycle?
(a) Pineal (b) Thyroid (c) Ovary (d) All of the given
53. Which part of following secretes LH.RH?
(a) Pars nervosa (b) Hypothalamus (c) Pars intermedia (d) Pars distalis
54. Which of the following is called hypercalcemic hormone
(a) PTH (b) Thyroxine (c) TCT (d) All of the given
55. It is steroid hormone of thyroid
(a) T3 (b) TCT (c) T4 (d) None of the given
56. Which hormones are directly involve in cardio-vascular activity
(a) Adrenaline and insulin (b) Cortisol and progesterone
(c) Cortisol and catecholamine (d) Catecholamine and oestrogen
57. Which of the following is not peptide protein hormone?
(a) Glucogon (b) Insulin (c) FSH (d) Estradiol
58. Which of the following hormones need secondary messanger for their expression?
(a) Glucogon and insulin (b) Cortisol and glucogon
(c) Insulin and hypothalamic, Cortisol (d) Cortisol and thyroxine
59. They are symptoms of diabetes mellitus
(a) Excess of thirst and decrease in apitite
(b) Excess urination, excessive thirst
(c) Decrease in urination; excessive thirst
(d) Increase in apitite; Excessive thirst
60. Which of the given statement is correct for delta cells secretion and function?
(a) Somatostatin; stimulates GH
(b) Somatostatin; Inhibitis GH
(c) Melatonin; stimulate Insulin
(d) Insulin; stimulates glucose conversion in to glycogon
61. Which hormone is secreted by two layers of the cortex?
(a) Sexocorticoids (b) Glucocorticoids (c) Mineralocorticoids (d) Epinephrine
62. Which hormone is secreted by delta cells?
(a) Insulin (b) Glucogon (c) Somatostatin (d) All of the given
63. Which of the following hormones are secreted by ovary
(a) Progesterone and testesterone (b) Estrogen and oxytocin
(c) Progesterone and testesterone (d) Estrogen and relaxin
66. Secretion of which hormone; if decreases can cause addission’s disease?
(a) PTH (b) TCT (c) ACTH (d) oxytocin
67. Several statements are given in reference with thyroid gland; which of the given option shows all wrong statements for thyroid gland Statements
(i) It inhibits process of R.B.C. formation
(ii) It helps in maintanance of water and electrolytes
(iii) Its more secretion can reduce blood pressure
(iv) It Stimulates osteoblast
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (iii) and (iv) (C) (i) and (iv) (D) (i) and (iii)
68. Which of the following option is not correct for the state of body in stress ?
(a) Increased heat-beat (b) Increased alertness
(c) Increased glucose level of blood (d) Rate of protein synthesis increases
69. Which option is correct for the name and secretion of the gland labelled as “a”?
(a) Pancreas-insulin
(b) Pancreas-oxytocin
(c) Liver-bile
(d) Thymus-Thymosine
73. Which of the following hormone follows mechanism shown in the diagram
(a) Progesterone (b) Insulin (c) Glycogon (d) Adrenaline
74. Which of the following option is correct for the region labelled as “a” in the given diagram
(a) It acts as primary messenger
(a) It acts as secondary messenger
(a) It increases negative feedback
(a) It strimulate gene expression
75. Which disorder is isolated in the given diagram, and which of the following opotion is correct for its effects.
(a) Myxoedema
(b) Addision’s disease
(c) Cushing’s syndrome
(d) Exophthalmic goiter
76. Which of the following option is correct for the disease observed in the given photograph?
(a) Hyposecretion of adrenal- addition disease
(b) Over secretion of GH after puberty Acromegaly
(c) Alphs cells over secretion- Hyperglycemia
(d) None of the given
77. Which option is correct in reference to the given picture?
(a) Normal goiter- I2 deficiency
(b) Exophthalmic goiter- Over secretion of TSH
(c) Normal goiter- over secretion of I2
(d) Exophthalmic goiter- Islets secretion of goiter
78. Spot the mis-matched
(A) Intestine - Secretin (B) Insulin - CSK
(C) Atrial wall - ANF (D) Adrenal medulla - Adrenallin
79. Which of the option shows hormones involve in carbohydret mettabolism ?
(A) Insulin, gulcagon, Progestrone, estrogen
(B) Progestron, estrogen
(C) Glucocorticoids, Oxytocin, eppinephrine
(D) Insulin, gulcagon,Glucocorticoids, eppinephrine
80. Which hormone is control by nerve axon of hypothalamus
(A) Oxytocin (B) ACTH (C) TSH (D) ACTH and TSH
81. Which option shows self regulating hormone ?
(A) Insulin, glucagon oxytocin
(B) Insulin LH Mineralocorticoids
(C) Insulin, glucagon, Mineralocorticoids oxytocin
(D) None of the given
In question number 82 to 101 statements are given. For the given statements which of the following option is correct Option (for 82 to 101)
(A) x and y are correct and y is correct explanation of x
(B) x and y are correct and y is not correct explanation of x
(C) x is correct and y is wrong
(D) y is correct and x is wrong
102. If receptor molecule is removed from target organ for hormone action, the target organ will.
(A) Continue to respond but in opposite
(B) not respond to hormone
(C) Continue to respond but require higher concentration of hormone
(D) continue to respond with out any difference
104. Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action ?
(A) cGMP (B) Calcium (C) Sodium (D) cAMP
105. Choose the correct combination of labelling in the hormonal control of female reproductive system.
(A) (p - d) (q - a) (r - c) (s - b) (t - e)
(B) (p - a) (q - d) (r - b) (s - c) (t - e)
(C) (p - d) (q - a) (r - b) (s - c) (t - e)
(D) (p - d) (q - b) (r - a) (s - c) (t - e)
(A) (p - iv) (q - i) (r - iii) (s - ii)
(B) (p - i) (q - iv) (r - ii) (s - iii)
(C) (p - i) (q - ii) (r - iii) (s - iv)
(D) (p - iii) (q - i) (r - iv) (s - ii)
108. mainly which of the following hormones control menstrual cycle in human being
(A) FSH, LH, Estrogen (B) oxytocin (C) PTH (D) ACTH
109. On seeing a Tiger, the heart beat and blood pressure increase due to release of hormone:
(A) Corticoids (B) Thyroxine (C) Adrenaline (D) parathormone
110. Match the endocrine gland, given under column-I with their respective position in the body given under column-II choose the answer which gives the correct combination of alphabets of two columns:
(A) (a - t) (b - r) (c - p) (d - q)
(B) (a - s) (b - t) (c - p) (d - q)
(C) (a - p) (b - q) (c - r) (d - t)
(D) (a - q) (b - s) (c - t) (d - p)
111. If Adenohypohysectomy is done in adult, then which of the followings is the correct statement :
(A) Gigantism
(B) Acromegaly
(C) B.M.R will be affected
(D) It will affect growth of testis and ovary
112. The immediate cause of induction of ovulation in the human female is the large plasma surge of :
(A) LH (B) Estrodiol (C) FSH (D) Progesterone
113. Glucagon and insulin are :
(A) Secreted from same cell and are same in function
(B) Secreted from same cells but are opposite in function
(C) Antagonistic secretion action and similar function
(D) Secreted from different cells but are opposite in function
114. What is the function of enterogastrone ?
(A) It stimulates the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach
(B) It stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice
(C) It regulates the flow of bile
(D) It inhibits the secretion of gastric juice
115. Ca+ metabolism is regulated by :
(A) ACTH (B) Thyroxine (C) Parathormone (D) Epinephrine
116. Heavy jaws, long face, long extremities are caused by :
(A) undersecretion of hormone of posterior lobe of pituitary
(B) oversecretion of hormone of anterior lobe of pituitary after pubenty
(C) undersecretion of hormone of antrior lobe of pituitary
(D) oversecretion of hormone of posterior lobe of pituitary
117. FSH and LH hormones together are called :
(A) GTH (B) Stress removing hormones
(C) Emergency hormones (D) Neurohormones
118. Deficiency of calciferol causes :
(A) Scurvy (B) Leucopenia (C) Rickets (D) Leukaemia
119. Vasopressin is found in :
(A) Posterior lobe of pituitary (B) Intestine
(C) Kindey (D) Liver
120. Which hormone stmulits stomach to secrete gastric juice?
(A) Enterokinase (B) enterogastrone (C) Renin (D) Gastrin
121. What is Precursor of adrenaline, thyroxin and melanin pigment ?
(A) Proline (B) Tryptophan (C) Glycine (D) Tyrosine
122. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with disease resulting from its deficiency ?
(A) Relaxin - Gigantism (B) Parathyroid hormone - Tetany
(C) Insulin - Diabetes insipidus (D) Prolactin - Cretinism
123. Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from is deficiency ?
(A) Luetinizing hormone - failure of ovulation (B) Thyroxine - Tetany
(C) Insulin - Diabetes insipidus (D) Parathyroid hormone - Diabetes mellitus
124. Chemically the hormones are :
(A) Steroids only
(B) Proteins, steroids and biogenic amines.
(C) Proteins only
(D) Biogenic amines only
125. Which of the following hormones is not a secretion product of human placenta ?
(A) Progesterone (B) HCG (C) Prolactin (D) Estrogens
126. Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoryed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. which hormone intiated this action ?
(A) Gastrin (B) Thyroxine (C) Adrenaline (D) Glucagon
127. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct option.
(A) (a - 5) (b - 3) (c - 2) (d - 4) (e - 1)
(B) (a - 2) (b - 5) (c - 4) (d - 1) (e - 3)
(C) (a - 5) (b - 3) (c - 4) (d - 2) (e - 1)
(D) (a - 2) (b - 3) (c - 4) (d - 5) (e - 1)
128. Column-I lists the endocrine structure and column-II lists the corresponding hormones match the two column. Identify the correct option those given.
(A) (a - r) (b - t) (c - s) (d - q)
(B) (a - t) (b - r) (c - s) (d - q)
(C) (a - p) (b - q) (c - s) (d - r)
(D) (a - t) (b - r) (c - q) (d - s)
129. It is the parathyroid gland____
(A) decreases blood ca+2 level
(B) Increases blood ca+2 level
(C) promotes collagen synthesis by osteoblasts
(D) All of the given
130. Removal of which of the following causes an immediate menstruation ?
(A) Estrogen (B) FSH (C) FSH - RH (D) Progesterone
131. Which of the following is not a effect of hypothyrodism ?
(A) Mental stress (B) edema
(C) Increases Ca+2 level in blood (D) to be lethargic