CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Making of a global world Assignment Set C

The Making Of A Global World

Intoduction- The making of the global world has a long history - of trade, of migration, of people in search of work, the movement of capital, and much else. As we think about the dramatic and visible signs of global interconnectedness in our lives today, we need to understand the phases through which this world in which we live has emerged.

Points to Remember
(1) Globalization- worldwide integration of economic, cultural, political, religious, and social systems. This means that goods and services, capital, and labour are traded on a worldwide basis, and information and the results of research flow readily between countries.
(2) Silk routes- The Silk Route was a historic trade route that dated from the second century B.C. until the 14th century A.D. It stretched from Asia to the Mediterranean, traversing China, India, Persia,Arabia, Greece, and Italy .It was dubbed the Silk Route because of the heavy silk trading that took place during that period.
(3) Corn Law- The laws allowing the government (U.K.) to restrict the import of corn were commonly known as the Corn Laws.
(4) Rinderpest Plague- Rinderpest is a fast spreading cattle plague which hit Africa in the late 1880s.
(5) The Bretton Woods institutions- The International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank were created to bring about orderly development of the world economy in the post-World War II era.
(6) Indentured labour- A bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount of time, to pay off his passage to a new country or home.
(7) Flow of Labour- Migration of people to new areas in search of work.
(8) Hosay- Trinidad the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called 'Hosay' (for Imam Hussain) in which workers of all races and religions joined.
(9) G-77: G-77 was a group organized by developing countries to de mand a New International Economical Order (NIEO) which would give these countries real control over their national resources, raw material, manufactured goods and their markets.
(10) Veto- A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law making body.
(11) Tariff- Tax imposed on a country's imports from the rest of the world. Tariffs are levied at the point of entry, i.e., at the border or the airport.
(12) Exchange Rates- They link national currencies for purposes of international trade. There are broadly two kinds of exchange rates: fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate. 

Short Answer type Questions 

Question. Reason for decline of cotton textile export from India to Britain in the early 19th century:
(a) imposition of tariff on cotton import into Britain.
(b) quality of cotton textile was poor.
(c) shortage of raw cotton in India.
(d) cotton producers had found other buyers.
Answer: A

Question. During the First World War women in Europe stepped into jobs which earlier men were expected to do. What was the reason?
(a) because men went to battle.
(b) because men went to other countries in search of jobs.
(c) because of liberalisation of women in society.
(d) because menfolk decided to take charge of the household work.
Answer: A

Question. Which of the following did not take part in the First World War?
(a) Portugal
(b) Germany
(c) France
(d) England
Answer: A

Question. Who adopted the concept of 'assembly line' to manufacture automobiles?
(a) T. Cuppola
(b) Henry Ford
(c) Samuel Morse
(d) Christopher Columbus
Answer: B

Question. Thousands of people fled Europe for America in the 19th century due to
(a) poverty and widespread deadly diseases
(b) natural calamity
(c) outbreak of a war among nations
(d) outbreak of plague
Answer: A

Question. Who was V.S.Naipaul?
Answer: a writer, whose forefather migrated as indentured worker.

Question. How were human societies interlinked in ancient times ?
Answer: interlinked by travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims who travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfillment

Question. Mention one example of vibrant pre-modem trade and cultural link between distant parts of the world.
Answer: The silk routes are a good example

Question. What is Al-Dorado in Latin America?
Answer: City of Gold.

Question. Give any two factors which helped in making of global world?
Answer: (1) Trade (2) In search of work (3) Money 

Fill in the blanks

Question.  ................ is a fast spreading cattle plague which hit Africa in the late 1880s.
Answer: Rinderpest

Question. The First World War (1914-18) was mainly fought in ...... (continent)
Answer: European.

Question. America was discovered by ..........
State whether the following statements are True or False-
Answer: Christopher Columbus

Question. People livelihood and local economy of Asia was badly affected by the disease named Rinderpest.
Answer: False 

Question. Carribbean island was an important destination for indentured migrants?
Answer: True

Question. Europeans were attracted to Africa by its natural beauty.
Answer: False

Question. In the question given below,there are two statements marked as Assertion
(A) and Reason (R).Mark your answer as per the codes provided below :
(A) Chutney music, popular in Trinidad and Guyana,is another creative contemporary expression of the post-indenture experience.
(R) Some of the Naipaul's early novels capture their sense of loss and alienation.
Options :
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer: B

Question. (A) Over the nineteenth century,British manufactures flooded the Indian market.
(R) The value of Indian exports to Britain was much higher than the value of British imports to India.
Options:
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer: C

Question. (A) The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was decisively under way by the mid-sixteenth century.
(R) The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was atom bombs.
Options :
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer. C

Short/Long Answer Type Questios 

Question. What are 'canal colonies' ?
Answer: The British Indian government built a network of irrigation canals in Punjab. The Colonies situated around the areas irrigated by the new canals were called, Canal Colonies.

Question. Why is it said that there was no other war earlier like first world war? State in three points.
Answer:
(a) Involved almost all countries in one or the other way.
(b) Weapons used had a deadly potential to kill and destroy whatever came in their way.
(c) There was an immense loss of young and productive population.
(d) Economies of the countries round the world crashed beyond the level of recovery.

Question. Why did Europeans flee to America in the 19th Century? Give three reasons.
Answer: (a) Poverty and hunger were common and widespread in Europe in the beginning of the 19th century.
(b) Cities were overcrowded and people feared deadly diseases.
(c) Religious conflicts were frequent as dissenters were persecuted on a large scale.

Question. How did the withdrawals of US loans during the phase of the Great Depression affect the rest of the world? Explain in three points.
Answer: (a) It led to some major banks crashing and the collapse of currencies.
(b) It led to a fall in agricultural productivity and raw material prices in Latin America.
(c) Unemployment became rampant as no jobs could be generated.

Question. How did rinderpest become instrumental in subjugating the Africans?
Answer: (a) It affected the livelihood, economy , the social peace and harmony of the Africans.
(b) About ninety-nine per cent of the cattle were killed, which forced Africans to work for the Europeans in the plantations.
(c) It enabled the Europeans to colonies and subdue Africa. The colonial government forced Africans into labour - market.

Question. How did technology help to solve hardship of food availability throughout the world in the late-nineteenth century? Explain with example.
Answer: (a) Because of improvements in transport, like faster railways with lighter wagons and large ships, food moved quickly and cheaply from farms to final markets.
(b) Now perishable food could travel long distances easily through refrigerated ships.
(c) Animals could be slaughtered and easily packed for long distances.
Cost of transportation also reduced.
(d) The poor could now consume more varied diet including meat as it was available in plenty and at reduced costs.

Question. Explain the impact of First World War on the British economy.
Answer: (a) 15 - 25 percent of Britain's wealth was spent on the war.
(b) It had borrowed heavily from the United States and after the war, the debts mounted.
(c) British industries could not produce goods for exports.
(d) Being unable to modernize its industries and compete with the United States, Germany and Japan, British economy crumbled.

Question. Describe the effects of abolishing the Corn Laws.
Answer: (a) Food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it could be produced within the country.
(b) British agriculture was unable to compete with imports.
(c) Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated and thousands of men and women were thrown out of work.
(d) Peasants flocked to the cities or migrated overseas.

Question. When was the Bretton Woods Conference convened? State the main aim of the conference.
Answer: (a) In July 1944 , New Hampshire, US.
(b) To preserve the economic stability of Europe and ensure full employment in the industrial world.
(c) To control the influence of the outer world on flow of capital, goods and labour.

Question. How did the Great Depression of 1929 affect the farmers and the middle classes in India in different ways?
Answer: (a) Agricultural prices began to fell and finally collapsed in 1930.
(b) It became difficult for the peasants to sell their harvest and pay revenues.
(c) Peasants ran into huge debts who had mortgaged their land and used their savings.
(d) This depression however did not hit the urban areas where the middle class lived and had fixed incomes.
(e) Middle class salaried people were not affected and rather they could buy goods at a cheaper rate.

Question. How did the global transfer of disease in pre-modern world helped in colonisation of the Americas?
Answer: (a) Due to the long isolation from the world, American inhabitants had no knowledge and immunity against diseases of Europe.
(b) The Spanish conquerors used their instance to introduce germs of smallpox through their smallpox-infected person.
(c) It spread deep into the continent and killed and decimated whole communities.

Question. What do you mean by surplus trade? Why the balance of trade is always favourable for Britain in terms of India?
Answer: When export value is more than import value is known as surplus value
(a) The excess of goods in the market of Britain.
(b) Increase in export of grains and raw material to Britain and other countries from India.
(c) The goods imported to India cost very high whereas the goods exported to Britain cost very less.

Question. What is Globalization? Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange.
Answer: Globalization is an economic system with the free movement of goods,
capital, services, technology and people across the globe.
(a) Flow of capital-investment of capital
(b) Flow of goods- trade in goods
(c) Flow of labour- migration of people to new areas in search of work.

Question. What were the causes of Economic Depression?
Answer: 
(a) Agricultural overproduction
(b) Falling agricultural prices
(c) Agricultural income declined
(d) Countries that depended on US loans now faced an acute crisis.
(e) The withdrawal of US loans affected much of the rest of the world
(f) Thousands of banks became bankrupt

Source Based Questions 

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

All through history, human societies have become steadily more interlinked. From ancient times, travellers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfilment, or to escape persecution. They carried goods, money, values, skills, ideas, inventions, and even germs and diseases. As early as 3000 BCE an active coastal trade linked the Indus valley civilisations with present-day West Asia. For more than a millennia, cowries (the Hindi cowdi or seashells, used as a form of currency) from the Maldives found their way to China and East Africa. The long distance spread of disease-carrying germs may be traced as far back as the seventh century. By the thirteenth century it had become an unmistakable link.

Question. In ancient times,Why people travelled vast distances?
Answer. For knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfilment, or to escape persecution,

Question. What was cowries?
Answer. Seashells, used as a form of currency.

Question. What was the negative impact of travel?
Answer. They carried germs with them.

2. Read the following passage and answer the questions at the end.

The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was decisively under way by the mid-sixteenth century. European conquest was not just a result of superior firepower. In fact, the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors was not a conventional military weapon at all. It was the germs such as those of smallpox that they carried on their person. Because of their long isolation, America's original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. Smallpox in particular proved a deadly killer. Once introduced, it spread deep into the continent, ahead even of any Europeans reaching there. It killed and decimated whole communities, paving the way for conquest.

Question. What was the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors?
Answer. The germs such as those of smallpox

Question. Why America's original inhabitants infected easily by the germs that came from Europe?
Answer. They were isolated from the rest of the world and had no immunity.

Question. How Europeans carried germs in America?
Answer. With infected person.