CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Agriculture Assignment

Question. What part of Total population of India is engaged in agriculture activities:
(a) 2/3
(b) 1/3
(c) 2/5
(d) 1/4
Answer: A

Question. Which one of following is not Agro-based industry:
(a) Cement Industry
(b) Jute Industry
(c) Cotton textile Industry
(d) Sugar Industry
Answer: A

Question. It’s type of Agriculture where farmers clear a patch of and produce rereads and other food crops to sustain that family that is:
(a) Commercial farming
(b) Extensive farming
(c) Modern farming
(d) Slash and burn farming
Answer: D

Question. Agriculture where a single crop is grown on large area:
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Extensive Agriculture
Answer: B

Question. Which one of the following is ‘Kharif’ crop:
(a) Wheat
(b) Mustered
(c) Maize
(d) None of these
Answer: C

Question. Maximum consumption of natural rubber is made of –
(a) Auto tyres & tubes
(b) Footwear
(c) Beats and hoses
(d) Dipped goods
Answer: A

Question. India is the larger producer as well as the consumer of the world?
(a) Wheat
(b) Maize
(c) Pulses
(d) Millets
Answer: C

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Agriculture 

Question : What are the climatic requirements for wheat?
Answer. Wheat requires cool growing season and a bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It requires 50 to 75 cms of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.

Question : Which are the major wheat producing states of India?
Answer. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of Madhya Pradesh.

Question : Which important millets are grown in India?
Answer. Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India.

Question : In which regions of India is rubber grown?
Answer. Rubber is mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Garo hills of Meghalaya.

Question : Which are the major fibre crops of India?
Answer. Cotton, Jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India.

Question : On what factors does primitive subsistence farming depend?
Answer. Monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.

Question : What is ‘plantation farming’?
Answer. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. Along with production, processing is also done in the nearby areas. So, the plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.

Question : What do you know about the millet, jowar?
Answer. Jowar is the third most important food crop. It is a rain-fed crop, mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs irrigation.

Question : In which states is jowar grown?
Answer. Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Question : What are the climatic conditions for the growth of cotton plant?
Answer. It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth.

Question : Which are the major cotton producing states of India?
Answer. The major cotton producing states are—Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Question :What do you know about the ragi crop?
Answer. Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micronutrients and roughage. It is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils.

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Agriculture  

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Agriculture 

Question : Explain any five features of comprehensive land development programme initiated during 1980s and 1990s.
                                                                         OR
Describe any five technological and institutional reforms initiated to improve the standard of agriculture in India.
                                                                         OR
Describe any four institutional reforms introduced by the government of India in the interest of the farmers.
Answer : Comprehensive land development programme included both institutional and technical reforms. Following reforms were introduced:
(a) Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
(b) Establishment of Grameen Banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction.
(c) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced for easy availability of inputs.
(d) Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) was introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.
(e) Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
(f) The government also announced minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Question : What are the challenges faced by the farmers today?
Answer : (a) Indian farmers are facing a big challenge from international competition and reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially in irrigation, power infrastructure and other inputs.
(b) Subsidy on fertilizers is decreased leading to higher cost of production.
(c) Reduction in import duties on agriculture products.
(d) Farmers are withdrawing their investment from agriculture, resulting in lack of alternative employment opportunities.
(e) Erratic nature of monsoons also affects agriculture production on a large scale.

Question : Suggest any five measures to enhance the agricultural production in India
Answer : Agricultural is an important economic activity in our country. I would like to suggest the following measures to enhance the agricultural production in India.
• Each district and block can be made self-sufficient in agricultural production if the government provides proper agricultural infrastructure, irrigation facilities, electricity, etc.
• Loans can be provided at lower interest rates to cultivator.
• The use of latest techniques can be encouraged.
• Instead of concentrating only on rice or wheat, the food crop with a better growth potential in that particular area must be encouraged.
• Attracting foreign investment in agriculture and also free trade in grains will not only increase agricultural production, but will also create massive employment and reduce poverty in rural areas.
• Farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

Question : What is intensive subsistence farming? Write three features of intensive subsistence farming.
Answer : Intensive subsistence farming is practiced in areas of high density of population, where pressure of population is high on agricultural land.
The following are the three features of this type of farming.
• It is labour-intensive farming.
• High doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher , production.
• Farm size is small and uneconomical due to the division of land.
• Farmers take maximum output from the limited land.
• Farmers do not have any alternative source of livelihood. Thus, there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.

Question : Why is the growth rate in agriculture decelerating? How did the Government of India make efforts to modernise agriculture? Explain.
Answer : The growth rate in agriculture is decelerating due to the following reasons.
• Reduction in public investment in agriculture especially for irrigation, power, rural roads, etc.
• Subsidy on fertilisers has decreased leading to increase in the cost of production.
• Reduction in import of agricultural goods
• Lack of employment in agriculture
• Erratic nature of monsoon rainfall
To modernise agriculture the Government of India has taken concerted efforts like the following.
• Setting up of Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
• Setting up of agricultural universities, veterinary services and animal breeding centres.
• Horticulture development
• Research and development in the field of meteorology and weather forecast
• Improvement of rural infrastructure

Question : Explain any five steps taken by the central and state governments to improve Indian agriculture after independence.
Answer : Various initiatives taken by the central and state governments to ensure the increase in agricultural production after independence are as follows.
• Collectivism, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
• Land reforms were the main focus of the First Five Year Plan.
• The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve Indian agriculture.
• Minimum Support Price Policy, provisions for crop insaurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers, Grameen banks, Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme are some of the reforms brought by the government.
• Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), agricultural universities, veterinary services and animal breeding centres, horticulture development and weather forecast etc. were given priority for improving Indian agriculture.
The term used for grouping of small land holdings with bigger ones is consolidation of land holdings.

Question : Write four geographical requirements each for the growth of tea and sugar cane.
Answer : For geographical conditions required for the growth of tea.
The following are the geographical conditions required for the production of sugar cane.
• It is a tropical as well as sub-tropical crop.
• It needs hot and humid climate with temperature of 21°C to 27°C.
• It requires annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm.
• It can grow on a variety of soil.

Question : Explain any five features of Indian agriculture.
Answer : The following are the five features of Indian agriculture.
• Indian agriculture is mainly of intensive subsistence type.
• It is mainly practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
• It is labour-intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining high yields.
• Farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence of alternate source of livelihood, which leads to enormous pressure on agricultural land.
• The right of inheritance has led to division of land among successive generations and rendered the size of land holding uneconomical.

Question : Explain any five characteristics of commercial farming in India.
Answer : The following are the five characteristics of commercial farming in India.
• The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of high doses of modern inputs, like HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, in order to obtain higher productivity.
• The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another, for example rice is a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana but in Odisha it is a subsistence crop.
• Plantation is also a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area.
• Plantations cover large areas using capital intensive inputs with the help of migrant labourers.
• In India tea, coffee, rubber, sugar cane and banana are important plantation crops.

Question : Name the two most important staple food crops in India. Mention the geographical conditions required for their growth.
Answer : The two most important staple food crops in India are rice and wheat.
he geographical conditions required for the growth of rice are as follows.
• It requires high temperature—above 25°C.
• It requires high humidity for its growth.
• It requires annual rainfall above 100 cm.
The geographical conditions required for the growth of wheat arenas follows.
• It is a rabi crop and needs cool growing season.
• It requires bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
• It also requires 50 to 70 cm of annual rainfall, well distributed over the growing season.

Question : How is Rice farming different from Wheat farming in respect of the following?
(a) Sowing and harvesting time.
(b) Rainfall / irrigation requirements.
(c) Areal distribution.
(d) Yield per hectare.
Answer : Rice
1. It is sown with the onset of the monsoon i.e. June-July. Rainfall should be 100 cm or irrigation is necessary.
2. Harvesting is done in the month of October-November
3. It is grown in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
4. Yield per hectare is high.
Wheat
1. It is sown with the withdrawal of the monsoon i.e. November. Rainfall should be 50-75 cm or irrigation is necessary
2. Harvesting is done in the month of March-April.
3. It is grown in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh.
4. Yield per hectare is low.

Question : Mention the geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton along with any four cotton-producing states.
Answer : Cotton is a kharif crop. India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plants.
The geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton are as follows.
• Cotton grows in the drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan Plateau.
• Cotton needs high temperature, light rainfall, 210 forest-free days and bright sunshine for its growth.
• It requires 6 to 8 months to grow.
• Major cotton-producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka

Question : Describe the various technological and institutional reforms, which led to Green and White revolutions in India?
Answer : Green Revolution.
(i) Technical inputs resulted in the green revolution in sixties and seventies of the twentieth century.
(ii) High yielding and early maturing variety of seeds have been used.
(iii) Instead of bio-fertilizers, chemical fertilizers are used.
(iv) Flooding of fields are replaced by drip irrigation and the use of sprinklers.
White Revolution.
(i) The Dairy Development led to the white revolution or “Operation Flood”.
(ii) The dairy co-operation in the rural areas helped in rural development.
(iii) The National Milk Grid achieved Operation Flood.
(iv) Cross breed from foreign and native cattle have been developed.

Question : Describe any four institutional reforms introduced by the government of India in the interest of the farmers.
Answer : The institutional reforms introduced by the government of India in the interest of formers are as follows.
• Collectivisation and consolidation of land holdings and abolition of zamindari system.
• Provision for crop insurance against droughts, floods, cyclone, fire and diseases.
• Establishment of grameen banks and cooperative societies to give loans to the farmers at low rate of interest.
• Announcement of minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
• Introduction of schemes like Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) for the benefit of the farmers. (any four)

Question : Explain any three features of Indian agriculture.
Answer.  Two-thirds of India’s population is engaged in agricultural activities.
- Agriculture is a primary activity, which produces most of the food that is consumed.
- It also produces raw material for various industries.
- Some agricultural products like tea, coffee, spices, etc., are also exported to earn foreign exchange.

Question : Which crop is known as a ‘golden fibre’? Explain any two geographical conditions essential for the cultivations of this crop. Mention its four uses.
Answer. Jute is known as ‘golden fibre’. It grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the flood plains where soils are renewed every year. West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, Meghalaya are the major jute producing states of India. It is used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts. Due to its high cost, it is losing market to synthetic fibres and packing material, particularly nylon.

Question : “Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy.” Explain this statement.
Answer.  Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy.
- Agricultural share in providing employment and livelihood to the population continues to be as high as 63 per cent (2001).
- Government is providing facilities like irrigation, power, rural roads, market and mechanisation subsidy on fertilisers.
Reduction of import duties on agricultural products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country.