CBSE Class 10 Social Science Life Lines of National Economy Assignment

Question : Provides door-to-door connectivity
Answer : Roadways

Question : Bulk carrier across nations
Answer : Waterways

Question : Bulk carrier within India
Answer : Railways

Question : Tourism industry in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. support the statement?
Answer : A) Than 50 million people is directly engaged tourism industry.
B) Tourism also promotes national integration and provide support to local handicraft.
C) it also help in development of international understanding about our cultural and heritage .

Question : Rail transport suffers from certain problem in India. Support the statements with example?
Answer : A) Many passenger travel without ticket.
B) Theft and damaging of railway property.
C) Late running of train.
D) Unnecessary chain pulling.

Question : What is pipeline transportation? Write its merit and demerit
Answer : Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport used in these days in the past, pipelines where used to transport water to Cities and Industries now this is used for transporting Crude Oil Petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas field to refinery , fertilizer factory and big thermal power plant. Solid can also be transferred through Pipeline when converted into slurry.
Merits
1. useful in transporting liquid and solid slurry from far away location.
2. Subsequent running cost after laying down the network are minimal.
3. It rules out transshipment loss .
Demerits
1.Initial cost of plane pipeline is high.
2. Pipelines can burst or even have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water Mineral oil etc.

Question : Which three highway are included in super highway of India?
Answer : i. Golden Quadilateral: links Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai by a six lane super highways.
ii. The North South corridor: links Sri-Nagar to Kanyakumari.
iii. The east west corridor: links Silchar to Assam.

Question : Why do movements of goods and service from one place to another require fast and efficient means of transport? Explain with example.
Answer : i. We use different material and service in our daily life. Some of these are amiable in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing thing from other places.
ii. The product comes to consumer by transportation.
iii. The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and service as well as their movements over space.

Question : Evaluate any three feature of golden quadilateral.
Answer : i. It is six lane superhighway.
ii. It has the objective to reduce time and distance between mega cities.
iii. It is implemented by NHAI for quick and comfortable movements of goods and passenger in India.

Question : Define the term ‘tourism’. Why tourism known as a trade? Explain.
Answer : i. Tourism is “the cultural, recreational and commercial visit to place of interest in a country.
ii. Tourism is known as trade because
iii. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in a tourism industry.
iv. Tourism provides supports to local handicraft.
v. It helps in the growth of national income and integrity.

Question : Means of transport and communication called the lifeline of a nation and its economy. Why?
Answer : i. Movements of goods and services from their supply location to demand location necessitates the need for transport.
ii. The pace of country depends upon the production of goods and service as well as their movement over space

Question : “Airways is the most preferred mode of transport in North – eastern sated of India”.Give reason.
Answer : i. The North eastern part of the country is marked with the presence of big river, dissected relief and dense forest hence, it is difficult to construct roads and railways lines there.
ii. Air travel has made access to North-eastern part of country easier and quicker
iii. There are frequent flood and international frontier, which require immediate and quick attention from government authorities, flood also damage road and railways lines.

Question : Explain with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable?
Answer : i. Efficient means of transport are prerequisite for fast development
ii. Today the world has converted into large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
iii. We can proudly say that India is well linked with the rest of the world despite of it’s large size
iv. Railways, newspaper, media, waterways, transport, radio etc has been contributing to the socio- economic progress in many ways
v. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vatality of it’s economy
vi. It has enriched our lives and added substantially to growth and comfort

Question : Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of roadways with those of railways
Answer : Construction time and construction cost of roadways are much less than railways
i. Road can transverse comparatively more dissected and dulating topography which is limitation of railways roads can negotiate higher gradient of slope and as such can transverse mountains like Himalaya, whereas the mountains region is unfavorable for construction of railways
ii. Road transport are economical in transportation of few person and relatively smaller amount of good over short distance , whereas railways is suitable for long distance transport and carrying large amount people
iii. Road provide door to door service, thus cost of loading and unloading is much lower but railways have nit reached everywhere, still there are place that places which are yet to be connected with the railways.

Question : “International trade is considered the economic barometer of a country”. Justify the statements with arguments
Answer : i. Advancement of international trade is the index of prosperity of a country
ii. As the resource is space bound, no country can survive without international trade
iii. The balance of trade of country is the difference between the import and export
iv. The increase of export over import is favourable trade
v. India has emerged as a software giant at international level
vi. India has earned large foreign exchange through the export of IT

Question : Explain with example the condition responsible for uneven distribution pattern of the railways network in India.
Answer : Physical and economic factor have influence the distribution pattern of the Indian Railways network:
1. Northern plains: vast level land, high production density and rich agriculture resource provided the development of railways in these plains. However a large number of river requiring construction of bridge across their wide banks posed some obstacles.
2. Peninsular region and the Himalayan region : the railways tracks are laid through low hills, gaps and tunnels. The Himalayan mountains regions are unfavourable for the construction of railways lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
3. Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Jharkhand, are also not suitable for the development of railways.
4. Peninsular plateau rich in minerals promotes industrial developments, encouraging the railways tracks.

Question : Explain the reasons for dense railway network in the North Indian plains.
Answer : (i) The northern plains have vast level land. It is easy to lay railway lines there.
(ii) These plains have high population density as a result of which we find dense railway network these to cater the interest of the people.
(iii) Rich agricultural resources provide a favourable condition for the growth of railway network in the northern plains.
(iv) The metropolitan cities of the northern plains have also played a great role in the growth of railways.

Question : The longest highway of India is ......... .
(a) National Highway-8
(b) National Highway-7
(c) National Highway-1
(d) National Highway-15
Answer : B

Question : How do the physiographic and economic factors influence the distribution pattern of the India railway network? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer : The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic and economic factors:
(i) The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for the growth of railway network.
(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
(iii) The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) It was equally difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of Western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand.
(v) In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India.

Question : Name the authority that maintains State Highways.
Answer : State Public Works Department.

Question : Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that have influenced the distribution pattern of the railway network in our country.
Answer : The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic and economic factors:
(i) The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for the growth of railway network.
(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels.
(iii) The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) It was equally difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of Western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand.
(v) In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India.

Question : Name six mail channels introduced by Indian postal network.
Answer : Six mail channels for quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities are:
(i) Rajdhani Channel                (ii) Metro Channel
(iii) Green Channel                  (iv) Business Channel
(v) Bulk Mail Channel              (vi) Periodical Channel

Question : Which is the cheapest mode of transport in India?
(a) Waterways
(b) Roadways
(c) Railways
(d) Airways
Answer : A

Question : Why is air transport an important means of transport in the north-eastern part of our country? Explain any four reasons.
Answer :  (i) The air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
(ii) It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, and dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease.
(iii) Airways have made access easier in the north-eastern part of the country which has big rivers, dissected relief, dense forests and frequent floods and international frontiers.
(iv) It is very useful especially during natural calamities.

Question : Write a short note on various kinds of roads in India.
Answer : Various kinds of roads in India are:
1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi and six-lane super Highways.
The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanniyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East-West Corridor linking Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are part of this project.
2. National Highways: National highways link extreme parts of the country. These are primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). The historical Sher Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No.1, between Delhi and Amritsar. The National Highway 7 between Varanasi and Kanniyakumari is the longest highway of India. The national highway 2 is between Delhi and Kolkata. The national highway 3 is between Agra and Mumbai. The national highway 8 is between Delhi and Mumbai. The national highway 15 passes through Rajasthan.
3. State Highways: Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. State highways are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD)
4. District Roads: Roads which connect the district headquarters with other places of the district are called district roads. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.
5. Rural Roads: Roads which link rural areas and villages with towns are classified as rural roads. Under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana scheme special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.
6. Border Roads: Strategically important roads in the bordering areas of the country are called border roads. Border Roads Organisation (BRO), a government of India undertaking constructs and maintains border roads. This organisation was established in 1960 for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and northeastern border areas.

Question : Name the different types of roads in India.
Answer :
(a) Super Highways: (Express ways) The Golden Quadrilateral connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai,Kolkatta and Delhi is a six lane super highway. North South Corridor connecting Srinagar and Kanyakumari and East West Corridor connecting Silcher in Assam and Porbandhar in Gujarat are also super highways.
These are maintained by the National Highway Authority of India.
(b) National Highways: These connect one state with another and are of national importance.
These are constructed and maintained by the Central Public Works Department. There are about 52,000 Km of National Highways in India. e.g. N.H. 17, N.H..47 etc.
(c) State Highways: These roads are constructed and maintained by state Governments. It connects state capital with district head quarters and with other important cities of the states. There are about 1.3
lakh Km of state highways in India.
(d) The District Roads: These roads connect district headquarters with cities and other places of the district. These roads are constructed and maintained by the District administration.
(e) Other Roads: Village roads connect villages with neighboring towns and cities. These roads receive special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
(f) Border Roads: The border roads link the frontiers of the country. The border roads are constructed and maintained by the Border Roads Organization (BRO).

Question : State the characteristics of the North –South Corridor.
Answer :
a) It connects Srinagar in Jammu Kashmir and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
b) It is the longest express way in India.
c) It is a four to six lane road.
d) It is meant for fast movement of traffic.
e) Much roundabouts or junctions are not seen
f) Roads are not cut at right angles and no fear of vehicles crossing- accidents are less.

Question : How do physiographic and economic factors influence the distribution pattern of Indian railway network? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer :
➢ Physiographic factors:
(a) Railways require level land for its construction. It is not possible to construct a railway line in the mountains terrains. Flood plains of Bihar and Assam and rugged topography of the Himalayan region are not good for railway service.
(b) Sparsely populated areas like sandy deserts of Rajasthan are not good for railway network. It requires high density of population for its growth.
(c) Northern plains of India have dense network of railway, because their vast level land , high density of population and rich agricultural resources.
➢ Economic factors:
a) Rich agriculture ensures the development of railways for easy and cheap transportation of agricultural goods.
b) Greater industrial activity is required in areas where development of railways is expected.Movements of goods and passengers support the railways.

Question : What steps/measures were adopted to establish Sinhala supremacy?OR/ What were the majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan Government? OR/ Mention three steps taken by the Srilankan government to achieve majoritarianism.
OR/ What is the principle that is being followed by the government in Sri Lanka ? Describe.
Answer : In Sri Lanka, the Sinhala community enjoyed a bigger majority and could impose its will on the entire country.
■ As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
■ In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, disregarding Tamil.
■ The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
■ A new constitution stipulated that the state should protect and foster Buddhism.
■ All these government measures, coming one after the other.

Question : 'The relations between Sinhala and Tamil communities strained(िनावपूर्ण) over time.' Explain.
OR/ State the basic reasons for the tension ( Civil War ) between Sinhala and Tamil speaking people in Sri
Lanka.
OR/ Why do the Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated in their country?
OR/ What factors led to a civil war in Sri Lanka?
Answer :
■ The measures taken by Sri Lankan govt increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
■ The felt that none of the major political parties were sensitive to their language and culture.
■ They felt that the constitution and the govt policies denied their equal political rights.
■ They felt that govt are against them in getting jobs and other opportunities.
■ As a result, The relations between Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time.

Question : How did the Tamils make efforts to gain power in Sri Lanka?
Answer :
■ The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language.
■ They struggled for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
■ By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
■ The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict.

Question : What do you understand by 'A CIVIL WAR'? What were the results of civil war in Sri Lanka between the two communities?
Answer : The distrust between the two communities over the majoritarianism issue turned into widespread conflict which resulted a civil war.
■ The results were as follows:
● Thousands of people of both the communities were killed.
● Many families were forced to leave the country and many more lost their livelihood.
● Sri Lanka suffered from an economic crisis caused by the civil war.

Question : What do you mean by the Belgian model? Examine the interesting elements of Belgian government.
OR/ How did the Belgian Government resolve the ethnic diversities and tension between them?
OR/ How was power shared between the people in Belgium?
Answer : After the four amendments between 1970 and 1993 in the constitution, the Belgian leader worked out a very different and innovative power sharing arrangement known as Belgian model.
The elements of Belgian government are:
■ Equal Distribution of Seats :- According to the new arrangement, Dutch and French speaking Ministers have been given equal status in the central government. No single majority can make decisions.
■ Concept of Federal government :- Besides, State Government for the two regions have been given maximum power and state governments are not treated as the subordinate to the central government.
■ Equal Representation in Brussels :- In the new arrangements, Brussels, the capital city of Belgium, has given equal representation on both the French and Dutch speaking people.
■ Community Government :- The Belgian model introduced a new concept of third kind of government i.e., the community government. This government is elected by the people belonging to one language community.
These arrangements ensure the promotion and protection of cultural and linguistic diversity.Brussels was chosen as the headquarter during the formation of European Union only because of their innovative governing rule for their country to accommodate with linguistic and cultural diversity.
Prudential:- Based on Prudence or on careful calculation of gains and losses Prudential decisions are usually contrasted with decisions based on moral consideration

Question : Why power sharing is desirable?
OR/ "Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy." Justify the statement with four suitable points.
OR/ State one Prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example for Indian context?
Answer :
■ Prudential Reasons
● The Prudential reason for power sharing is a precautionary measure.
● Power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
● Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.
Reserved seats for minorities and women in assemblies is the best example of Prudential reason of power
sharing in India.
■ Moral Reasons
● Moral reason of power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
● A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise.
● People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.
● A legitimate government is one where citizens participate in the system.

Question : Differentiate Horizontal and Vertical power sharing in modern democracies.
OR/ Explain the horizontal power sharing of government.
OR/ Explain the vertical power sharing of government.
Answer :
● Horizontal Division of Power
■ Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
■ We call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
■ The powers are equally distributed in all the organs.
■ Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
■ Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions.
■ This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
■ Horizontal power sharing ensures the concept of the expansion of democracy.
● Vertical Division of Power
■ Power is shared among the different levels of the government, such as the central or union govt, the state govt and the local government.
■ The powers are distributed higher to lower levels of government vertically.
■ In a vertical division of powers constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government.
■ This arrangement is called federal division of power.
■ Vertical power sharing promotes the concept of deepening of democracy.

Question : Describe the different forms of power sharing in democracies. Give examples.
Answer :
● Power sharing among different organs of government
■ Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
■ We call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
■ The powers are equally distributed in all the organs.
■ Horizontal power sharing ensures the concept of the expansion of democracy.
● Power sharing among different levels of government
■ Power is shared among the different levels of the government, such as the central or union govt, the state govt and the local government.
■ The powers are distributed higher to lower levels of government vertically.
■ This arrangement is called federal division of power.
● Power sharing among different social groups
■ Power may be shared among different social groups, such as the religious and linguistic groups.
■‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement.
■ In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
● Power sharing among Political parties, pressure groups and movements
■ Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those in power.
■ In contemporary democracies, political competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.
■ In a democracy, we find interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers and industrial workers. They also will have a share in governmental power.