CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Parties Assignment Set B

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Parties Assignment Set B. Get printable school Assignments for Class 10 Social Science. Class 10 students should practise questions and answers given here for Democratic Politics II Chapter 6 Political Parties Social Science in Class 10 which will help them to strengthen their understanding of all important topics. Students should also download free pdf of Printable Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science prepared as per the latest books and syllabus issued by NCERT, CBSE, KVS and do problems daily to score better marks in tests and examinations

Assignment for Class 10 Social Science Democratic Politics II Chapter 6 Political Parties

Class 10 Social Science students should refer to the following printable assignment in Pdf for Democratic Politics II Chapter 6 Political Parties in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 Social Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Democratic Politics II Chapter 6 Political Parties Class 10 Social Science Assignment

Objective Questions

Question : Which is not the component of a political party?
(a) The leaders
(b) The followers
(c) The active members
(d) The ministers
 
Answer : D
 
Question : Which is not a function of political party?
(a) To contest election
(b) Faith in violent methods
(c) Political education to the people
(d) Form public opinion
 
Answer : B
 
Question : ______ is an organised group of person who come together to contest election and try to hold power in government.
(a) Political party
(b) Democracy
(c) Parliament
(d) None of these
 
Answer : A
 
Question : The political parties of a country have a fundamental political ______ in a society.
(a) choice
(b) division
(c) support
(d) power
 
Answer : B
 
Question : Members of ruling party follows the directions of:
(a) people
(b) party leaders
(c) pressure groups
(d) None of the above
 
Answer : B
 
Question : Name the party that emerged out of mass movement.
(a) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
(b) Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
(c) Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)
(d) Janta Dal
 
Answer : A
 
Question : A political party is an association of:
(a) people
(b) children
(c) parties
(d) none of the above
 
Answer : A
 
Question : Choose the wrong statement about political party.
(a) Political party contests election.
(b) Political party acts as an opposition party.
(c) Political party does not make law.
(d) None of the above
 
Answer : C
 
Question. Consider the following statements on parties.
A. Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
B. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
C. Parties are not necessary to run governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and B

 
Answer : B

Question : One of the following countries has single-party system ......... .
(a) India
(b) The United Kingdom
(c) The United States of America
(d) China

Answer : D

Question : The opposition party is ......... .
(a) the party that loses the election and does not form the government
(b) the party that wins the election and forms the government.
(c) the party that opposes the ruling party
(d) the party that does not contest election

Answer : C

Question : A political party is composed of ......... .
(a) leaders
(b) active members
(c) followers
(d) all of the above

Answer : D

Question : One of the following political parties is a national party ......... .
(a) Bharatiya Janata Party
(b) Samata Party
(c) Samajwadi Party
(d) Rashtriya Janata Dal

Answer : A

Question : The institution that banned wall writing by parties during elections is ......... .
(a) The Election Commission
(b) The Judiciary
(c) The Parliament
(d) The Press

Answer : A

Question : The symbol of Bahujan Samaj Party is ......... .
(a) Hand
(b) Elephant
(c) Bicycle
(d) Hand

Answer : B

Question : How many parties are registered with the Election Commission in India?
(a) More than 750 parties
(b) Less than 750 parties
(c) More than 800 parties
(d) Less than 750 parties

Answer : A

Question : How many political parties are in India (approximately)?
(a) 200 (b) 750
(c) 500 (d) 650
 
Answer : B
 
Question : Under which system, only one-party is allowed to function?
(a) Single-party system
(b) Bi-Party system
(c) Multi-party system (d) None of these
 
Answer : D
 
Question : Bhartiya Jana Sangh is the mother party of
(a) Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
(b) Indian National Congress (INC)
(c) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
(d) Samajwadi Party (SP)
 
Answer : A
 
Question : Lack of Internal democracy is the challenge faced by
(a) national party
(b) regional party
(c) political party
(d) None of the above
 
Answer : C
 

Fill In The Blank

DIRECTION : Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s).
 
Question : ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ , ______ and ______ are recognised as national parties in India.
Answer : INC, BJP, BSP, CPI, CPI-M, NCP Congress
 
Question : Every party in the country has to register within the ______ .
Answer : Election Commission
 

True/False

DIRECTION : Read each of the following statements and write if it is true or false.
 
Question : In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections.
Answer : True
 
Question : BSP was formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
Answer : True
 
Question : BJP was founded in 1988 as a result of the split in INC.
Answer : False 

 

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true. 

Question : Assertion : Large established parties are called recognised parties.
Reason : These parties have been given certain specialised symbols that people can rally behind.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 

Question : Assertion : In a democracy, political parties are a must.
Reason : Without Political Parties there will be no elections.
Answer : (c) A is true but R is false. 

Question : Assertion : Political parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society.
Reason : Parties work to convince people why their policies are better than others and implement them by seeking popular support.
Answer : Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

 

Very Short Answer Type Questions 

Question : Name the regional party of Sikkim along with its symbol.
Answer : The regional party of Sikkim is Sikkim Democratic Front and its symbol is Umbrella. 

Question : Consider the following statements on parties.
(i) Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
(ii) Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
(iii) Parties are not necessary to run governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) (i), (ii), and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Answer : (b) (i) and (ii) 

Question : Define one-party system.
Answer : One party system refers to a system in which only one party can control and run government. 

Question : Name the regional party of Haryana along with its symbol.
Answer : The regional party of Haryana is Indian National Lok Dal and its symbol is Spectacles. 

Question : Why India chose to have a multi-party system?
Answer : Since India is a socially and regionally diverse country, so in order to provide expression to diverse opinions and views it has a multi-party system. 

Question : Name the regional party of Uttarakhand along with its symbol.
Answer : The regional party of Uttarakhand is Uttarakhand Kranti Dal and its symbol is Chair. 

Question : Name the regional party of Maharashtra along with its symbol.
Answer : The regional party of Maharashtra is Shiv Sena and its symbol is Bow and Arrow. 

Question : How does a society decide about its party system?
Answer : A society decides about its party system based on its regional and social divisions, historical background of its political system and its system of election. 

Question : Does one-party system comply with the principles of democracy?
Answer : No, one-party system doesn't comply with the principles of democracy because here only the member of one party contest elections and hold power and others do not get chance. Every democratic system should have at least two parties for giving a fair chance to compete and come into power. 

Question : Why is one-party system not considered a good Party System for democratic principle?
Answer : One-party system is not considered a good Party System for democratic principle as it doesn't offer any choice to voters as well as other Political Parties to contest elections. 

Question : Name the regional party of Bihar along with its symbol.
Answer : The regional party of Bihar is Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and its symbol is Bow and Arrow. 

Question : Why did India adopt a multi-party system ?
Answer : India is a large and complex country with social and regional diversities. A multi-party system enables it to give representation to people from diverse backgrounds.

Question. Examine the reason to accept multi – party system in India . 
Answer: Because it is easy to absorb different social and geographical diversities in multi- party system.

Question. Name a country that has one party system. 
Answer: China.

Question. What is an important function of a political party in India?
Answer: To contest elections.

Question. Why is one party political system not considered a good democratic system? 
Answer: Because one party system has no democratic option.

Question. Why do political parties involve partisanship? 
Answer: Because parties are about a part of the society and thus they involve partisanship.

Question. Name any two regional parties of West Bengal. 
Answer: (i) Forward Bloc (ii) Trinamool Congress

Question. When was the Communist Party of India – Marxist (CPI-M) formed? 
Answer: CPI-M was formed in 1964.

Very Short Answer Questions 

Question : What is meant by a political party?
Answer: Political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and to hold power in the government. They agree on some policies to promote collective good. They seek to implement those policies by winning popular support through elections. Thus, political parties tend to fill political offices and exercise political power.

Question : What are the three main components of a political party?
Answer:
1. The leaders;
2. The active members; and
3. The followers

Question : How many parties are needed in any democratic system to compete in elections and provide a fair chance for the competing parties to come to power?
Answer: At least two parties.

Question : What is the source of inspiration of the ‘Bhartiya Janata Party’? 
Answer: The source of inspiration of the Bhartiya Janata Party or the BJP is ancient Indian culture and values.

Question : What is a recognised political party?
Answer: A recognised political party is a party, recognised by the ‘Election Commission’ with all the privileges and facilities.

Question : What does Universal Adult Suffrage stand for? 
Answer: Universal Adult suffrage stands for the ‘Right to Vote’.

Question : Given one point of difference between a pressure group and a political party.
Answer: A pressure group is an organized or unorganized body that seeks to promote its interests while a political party is a body that seeks to attain political power by contesting elections.

Question : Which special privilege is given to recognised political parties by the Election Commission? 
Answer: RPP are given a special election symbol. Only official candidates of that party can use the election symbol.

Question : Name the national political party, which draws inspiration from the teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar.
Answer: Bahujan Samaj Party.

Question : What is the guiding philosophy of Bhartiya Janata Party? 
Answer: The source of inspiration of Bharatiya Janata Party is the ancient Indian culture and values. Cultural nationalism (Hindutva) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics.

Question : Name any one political party that has national level political organisation but not recognised as a national political party.
Answer: State parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political organisations with units in several states but are not recognised as national parties.

Question : Why did India adopt multi-party system? Give reasons.
Answer: India adopted multi-party system because:
• India is a large country and has social and geographical diversities.
• It is easy to absorb different diversities in a multi-party system.

Question : Mention the ideology of Indian National Congress.
Answer: Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian National Congress sought to build a modern secular democratic republic in India. The party propagates secularism and welfare of the weaker sections and minorities of society. It supports new economic reforms but with a human face

Short Answer Type Questions 

Question : What is meant by regional political party? State the conditions required to be recognised as a ‘regional political party.’
Answer : The parties which are able to succeed in some states are called state or regional parties. The conditions required to be recognised as a 'regional political party' are as follows:
(i) To get at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the States' Legislative Assembly.
(ii) To win at least two seats in the States' Legislative Assembly. 

Question : How is an alliance government formed ?
Answer : When any party is not able to prove majority in elections in a multi-party system, two or more than two parties join to form an alliance government. The coalition partners in an alliance government or coalition government have common goals and agendas. 

Question : Analyse the three components of a political party.
Answer : The various components of a political party are :
(i) The leaders : The political party has leaders who administer the country on winning the election.
(ii) The active members : They are one level above the followers and assist the leaders for getting knowledge about politics.
(iii) The followers : They keenly follow the leaders and work under the guidance of the active members. 

Question : “Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition.” Support the statement with arguments.
Answer : The state or regional parties don't necessarily have regional ideologies. Some of these parties can be regarded as all India party as they have succeeded in some states. When the national parties are not able to prove majority in the Lok Sabha, it seeks alliance with state parties. Since 1996, every state party got an opportunity to become a part of a national level coalition. Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalitions as it helps state parties to expand their reach beyond a state and helps them to become more significant.

Question : Name the national political party, which gets inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values. Mention four features of that party, 
Answer: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) founded in 1980 draws inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values.
Features:
1. Cultural Nationalism (Hindutva) is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics.
2. Wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India.
3. A uniform civil code for all people living in the country irrespective of religion and ban on religious conversions.
4. Earlier limited to north and west and to urban areas, the party expanded support in the south, east, and thenortheast and rural areas.

Question : “No party system is ideal for all countries and in all situations.” Justify the statementwith five arguments.
Answer: Parties are a necessary condition for a democracy. The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. Party system is not something any country can choose. It evolves depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions, its history of politics and system of elections.
For example, India has evolved a multi-party system, because of its social and geographical diversity,which cannot be easily absorbed by two or three parties.
Political parties make policies to promote collective good and there can be different views on what is good for all. Therefore, no system is ideal for all countries and situations.

Question : Describe the three components of a political party.
Answer: Components of a political party are:
1. The leaders,
2. active members and
3. The followers.
• The leaders are recruited and trained by parties. They are made ministers to run the government. The political executives that come from the political parties take the big
policy decisions.
• Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread over the country. Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties among different sections of society. However,since most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinion.
• The followers are the ordinary citizens, who believe in the policies of their respective party and give popular support through elections. Often the opinion of the followers crystallise on the lines parties take.

Question : What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a multi-party system?
Explain.
Or
How has multi-party system strengthened democracy in India.
Answer: Multi-party system. In this system, various parties coming together in a coalition form the government. When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a front.
For example, in India there were three major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections—the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and the Left Front. This system on one-hand leads to political instability but at the same time, allows for a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
Each country develops a party system that is suitable for its special circumstances. India has evolved as a multi-party system because two or three parties cannot absorb its social and geographical diversity.
Thus, such representation strengthens democracy. Multi-party system facilitates representation of regional and geographical diversities. In India, several regional parties are in power at the State level such as the DMK in Tamil Nadu, Akali Dal in Punjab the BSP in Uttar Pradesh.

Question : “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political parties all over the world”. Analyse the statement.
Answer:
1. Most political parties do not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning like maintaining membership registers, holding organisational meetings or conducting internal elections regularly. Thus, ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on the happenings in the party and have no means to influence the decisions.
2. Also, there are very few chances for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Since one or, at the most, a few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership, find it difficult to continue in the party.
3. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position to take undue advantage and favour people close to them or even their family members. And, in many parties, the top positions are invariably controlled by members of one family which is bad for democracy.

Question : “Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the political parties.” Analyse the statement.
Answer: Most political parties do not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning.
Therefore, there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage as they favour people close to them or even their family members. In many parties in India, we see a trend of dynastic succession. Members of a particular family, which is unfair to other members of the party, and bad for democracy, always control the top positions. This is so because people who do not have adequate experience or popular
support come to occupy positions of power.More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important. This tendency is seen all over the world, even in older democracies.

Question : What is meant by a ‘national political party’? State the conditions required to be a national political party.
Answer: National political parties have their units in various states. Largely all these units follow the same policies, programmes and strategy that is decided at the national level.
Conditions required being a national political party:
• A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in general elections of Lok Sabha or assembly elections in four states.
• A party that wins at least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.

Question : What is meant by regional political party? State the conditions required to be recognised as a ‘regional political party’
Answer: A regional party is a party that is present in only some states. Regional parties or State parties need not be regional in their ideology. They have state identity, as they are present only in some states.
Some of these parties are all India parties that happen to have succeeded only in states. Example, Samajwadi Party, Rashtriya Janta Dal.
Conditions required a party to be recognized as a regional political party:
• A party that secures atleast six percent of the total votes in an election to the legislative assembly of a state.
• Wins atleast two seats in the legislative assembly.

Question : “Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition.” Support the statement with arguments.
Answer: The state parties also referred to as regional parties are not necessarily regional in ideology.
Some of these parties are all India parties that happen to have succeeded only in some states. Over the last three decades, the number and strength of these parties has expanded. Before the general elections, one national party was able to secure on its own a majority in the Lok Sabha.
As a result, the national parties were compelled to form alliances with state parties.
Since 1996, nearly every one of the state parties got an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition government. This contributed to the strengthening of federalism and democracy. Example of state parties having national level political organisation with units in several states are Samajwadi Party (SP), Rashtriya Janata Dal, and Samata Party.

Question : Name any six regional political parties of the four southern states of India.
Answer : • The four southern states with regional political parties are as follows.
• Kerala: Indian Federal Democratic Party and Kerala Congress (Mani)
• Tamil Nadu: All India Anna DMK and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
• Andhra Pradesh: Telugu Desam Party
• Karnataka: Janata Dal (Secular)

Question : How do money and muscle power play an important role in elections? Explain.
Answer : Ans. Nowadays elections are focused mainly on winning at any cost so parties try to use shortcuts like money and muscle power.
• They try to select or nominate those candidates who can raise money or provide muscle power.
• Sometimes, wealthy people and big companies also get involved in the democratic politics for their own interest and influence decision-making process.
• In many cases, candidates with criminal records, who can win elections, are supported.

Question : Name the regional political parties predominant in Sikkim, Nagaland and Manipur, respectively with their symbols.
Answer : • The regional political parties predominant in:
• Sikkim—Sikkim Democratic Front, symbol: an umbrella
• Nagaland—Nagaland People’s Front, symbol: a cock
• Manipur—Manipur People’s Party, symbol: a cycle

Question : ‘Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be part of one or the other national-level coalition.’ Support the statement with arguments
Answer : Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be part of one or the other national level coalition because:
• the members of the state party get a chance of being included in the cabinet or the council of ministers.
• state parties get an opportunity and a platform to express their views and ideology at the national level.
• it helps in strengthening of federalism and democracy, and thus bringing diversity in the parliament.

Question : Analyse the three components of a political party. 
Answer: The three components of a political party are as follows:
• The leaders. A political party consists of leaders, who contest elections and if they win the elections, they perform the administrative jobs.
• The active members. They are the ones who work actively for the party. They are the assistants of the leaders and implement the plans and ideologies of the political party.
• The followers. They are the ardent followers of the parties and their leaders and support them in the elections.

Long Answer Type Questions 

Question. Name the national political party which gets inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values. Mention four features of that party.
Answer : ‘Bharatiya Janata Party’ (BJP) gets inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values. Four important features:
a. Cultural nationalism or ‘Hindutva’ is an important element in its conception of Indian nationhood and politics.
b. The party wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India.
c. A uniform civil code for all people living in the country irrespective of religion and ban on religious conversions.
d. Its support base increased substantially in the 1990s.

Question. Explain two functions each of the ruling party as well of the opposition parties.
Answer : Functions of the ruling parties:
a. They play a major role in making laws for the country.
b. They form the government and run the country.
c. They recruit leaders, train them and then make ministers to run the government.
Functions of the opposition parties:
a. They oppose the government by voicing different views.
b. They criticise government for its failure and wrong policies.
c. They mobilise opposition to the government.

Question. How do political parties help in shaping public opinion? Explain.
Answer : Role of political parties in shaping public opinion as:
a. They raise and highlight issues.
b. They form pressure groups as an extension.
c. They launch movement for the resolution of problems faced by the people.
d. They have lakhs of members and activists.

Question. What do you understand by the bi-party system? Write its one merit and one demerit.
Answer : Bi-party system: a. In some countries, power usually changes between two main parties.
It is also known as two party system.
b. In this system, the government is formed by one party and the other plays the role of opposition.
Merit: This system allows stability of government as no coalition is there. Demerit: In this system, only two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority seats to form the government.

Question. What is a multi-party system? Explain merits and demerits of multi-party system.
Answer : If several parties compete for power and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi-party system. Merits:
a. This system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
b. People can make a choice between several candidates.
Demerits: a. No one party is likely to gain power alone. Therefore, it leads to difficulty in formation of government. ‘
b. Leads to political instability and often appears to be very messy.

Question. What is meant by national parties? State the criteria for recognizing a party as National and State party.
Answer : Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties— Parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the federation. Those parties which are countrywide parties are called national parties.
National and State Parties:
a. A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state and wins at least two seats is recognized as a state party.
b. A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized as a national party. 

Question. Explain any four problem areas in the working of political parties.
Answer : a. Lack of internal democracy: The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties. Concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. b. Dynastic succession: Favour people close to them or even their family members. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one family. c. Money and muscle power: The third challenge is about growing role of money and muscle power in parties, especially during elections. d. Meaningful choice: The fourth challenge is that very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters.

Question. Why is there a lack of internal democracy within the political parties in India? Explain with examples.
Answer : There are various reasons for lack of democracy within the political parties in India: a. Concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top. b. Details of membership are not registered in the parties. c. No organizational meetings. d. No internal elections for membership within the party. e. Top leaders have unanimous power of decision making.

Question. “Political parties play a major role in democracy.” Explain any five points to justify this statement. [CBSE 2012] or “Political parties are rightly called the government in disguise.” Justify the statement in reference to democratic politics by giving five arguments.
Answer : The political parties play an important role in democracy as:
1. Parties contest election: In most democracies elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political parties.
2. Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them.
3. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
4. Parties shape public opinions. They raise and highlight issues.
5. Parties form and run governments.
6. Role of opposition: Opposition role is important in democracy as it voices different views and criticizes government for its failures or wrong policies.
7. Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments.

Question : Examine any two institutional amendments made by different institutions to reform political parties and their leaders in India.
Answer : Two institutional amendments made by different institutions to reform political parties and their leaders are:
(i) There is a tendency among MPs and MLAs to change parties frequently for selfish motives. Our constitution has been amended to prevent the changing of parties by elected MPs and MLAs. Legally, those MLAs and MPs who attempt defection will lose the seats in the legislature.
(ii) The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the effect of money and criminals. It is compulsory for a candidate desirous of contesting elections to provide an affidavit about his/her property details and criminal cases pending against him/her. The Election Commission passed an order which makes it mandatory for political parties to hold their organisational elections and to file their income tax returns. 

Question : What is the significance of regional parties in India?
Answer : Regional parties play a dominant role in a multi-regional country like India. Their significance has increased in the past few decades. They address the regional problems of the states which are not tackled by the Central government, as these parties, due to their local presence, know better about the local issues and have better knowledge about the ways to solve them. Moreover, it is also convenient for the local people to approach regional party leaders for their grievances. In the age of coalition governments, when no party is able to obtain an absolute majority, regional parties support in the formation of a government. Some regional parties have been able to gain nation wide recognition with their presence in several states, like Samajwadi Party, Rashtriya Janata Dal and Samta Party etc. 

Question : Kishenji is no more. What would be your advice to these four activists? Should they form a new political party? Can a political party become a moral force in politics? What should that party be like?
Answer : These four activists should move ahead with their ideas of formation of a political party. It is the only way to bring about welfare of the society and also it is the need of today. Initially, they may be resisted by the people, but gradually they will be able to win the trust of the people when they will be able to materialise their promises. Today;s political parties should focus on the immediate needs of the people. But such party should choose only those candidates who are willing to serve the society. It will be better if such a candidate is chosen from local areas as he/she will be familiar with the problems of the area and the ways for solving them. Such a party can play a significant role of an opposition party, even if it is not able to come to power.

Question : Categorise these photographs by the functions of political parties they illustrate.

CBSE Class 10 Political Science Political Parties_13

CBSE Class 10 Political Science Political Parties_14

CBSE Class 10 Political Science Political Parties_15

Answer : (i) Playing the role of opposition party.
(ii) Implementation of policies and programmes.
(iii) Election campaigns.

Question : Explain any five functions of the ruling party.
Answer : Functions of the ruling party are as follows:
(i) A ruling party is one which has achived a majority in legisleture offer winning the elections. Ruling party guarantees that the nation keeps running according to set belief systems and procedures.
(ii) Ruling Party offers representation to different groups of the society, along with acknowledgment to the minorities and gives access to individuals to government machinery. The citizens can likewise vent their complaints to the nearby local party leaders regarding any arrangement and its execution.
(iii) Party in power reassures and makes individuals aware about its welfare plans, it encourages individuals to think about its accomplishments, its plans, benefits and advantages.
(iv) It establishes foreign relations and frames the foreign policy of the country. Thus, the future and reputation of the country is upheld by it.
(v) Ruling party organises schemes and campaigns for the welfare of the people. It makes schemes for the cultural and economic development of the society. 

Question : Discuss the major differences between policies of CPI and CPI-M.
Answer :

CBSE Class 10 Political Science Political Parties_1

Question : Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.
Answer : Some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well are as follows:
(i) Our constitution has been amended to prevent changing of parties by elected MPs and MLAs. Legally, those MLAs and MPs who attempt defection will lose the seats in the legislature.
(ii) The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the effect of money and criminals. It is compulsory for a candidate, desirous of contesting elections, to provide an affidavit about his property details and criminal cases pending against him.
(iii) The Election Commission passed an order which makes it mandatory for political parties to hold their organisational elections and urges them to file their income tax returns. 

Question : Do you think that dynastic succession is a challenge to political parties ?
Answer : Dynastic succession refers to offering unfair political advantages given to favourite people, family members and friends. However, such a practice shatters the spirit of democracy as incapable and inexperienced people come into power. Such a system lacks transparency and openness. An ordinary member of political party will never be able to come to the top position as equal opportunities are not offered to all members. Moreover, ruling of several generations of a family is against the principles of democracy as it will fail to bring about any change.

Question : ‘Political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.’ Analyse the statement with examples.
Answer :
 In a democratic set-up, political parties are required because without political parties:
• every candidate in the elections will be independent. No promises could be made and the utility of the government formed will remain uncertain.
• no one will be responsible for running the country. Elected representatives will only be accountable to their constituency
• there will be no agency to gather and present different views on various issues to the government.
• no one will be responsible for bringing various representatives together so as to form a responsible government.
• there will be no mechanism to support the government, make policies and justify or oppose them.

Question : How do state or regional political parties contribute in strengthening federalism and democracy in India? Explain with examples.
Answer :
 State and regional political parties contribute in strengthening federalism and democracy in India in the following ways.
• They provide a variety of choice to people as each of them has different agendas and focus on different issues.
• They provide a platform for different pressure and social groups, and communities to put forward their demands.
• They help in power sharing by sharing power of government with the help of coalition government

Question : Examine any two institutional amendments made by different institutions to reform political parties and their leaders.
Answer :
 The following are the two institutional amendments made by different institutions to reform political parties and their leaders.
• Anti-defection law: The anti-defection law was passed to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing their parties. It was seen that many MLAs and MPs were changing their parties for personal gains. Now, according to the law, if any MLA or MP changes his/her party, his/her seat in the legislature will be lost. Also, MLAs and MPs have to accept whatever the party leaders decide.
• Affidavit: To reduce the influence of money and muscle power (criminals), an order has been passed by the Supreme Court making it mandatory for every candidate contesting election to file an affidavit giving details of his/her property and criminal records. This system has helped in making a lot of information available to the public. But, we cannot say that this amendment has been successful as it cannot be said that information provided by the candidates is true.
• Mandatory organisational meeting and filing of ITR: An order has been passed by the Election Commission making it mandatory for political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns. The parties have started doing this, but sometimes it is only a formality. It is not clear if this step has brought some reform or not. {any two)

Question : Suggest and explain any five measures to reform political parties.
Answer :
 The following reforms could be suggested in order to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.
• Regulation of party’s internal affairs: A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of their members, to follow their own constitution, to have an independent authority, etc.
• State funding: There should be state funding of elections. The government should give money to parties to support their election expenses to avoid corruption.
• Pressure of public opinion: Political parties can be reformed if people put pressure on them.
This can be done through petitions, propaganda and agitations. Pressure groups and media play an important role in this.
• Ban on political parties based on religion and caste: The Election Commission should ban the political parties which are formed on the basis of religion and caste.
• Ensure women participation: It should be made mandatory for all political parties to allot onethird of the tickets to women to ensure their decisive voice in decision making.If the abovementioned suggestions are taken into consideration, it can be ensured that these could lead to some improvement in the working of the political parties.

Question : ‘About hundred years ago there were few countries that had hardly any political party. Now there are few countries that do not have political parties.’ Examine the statement.
Answer :
 The statement has two parts.
• About a hundred years ago, there were few countries that had hardly any political party. It shows that very few countries were democratic countries and if they were not democracies, there was no need for political parties.
• Now there are few countries that do not have political parties. In the last hundred years many countries became independent from colonial control. After independence, they adopted democratic governments. So there was an increasing necessity for political parties.
The political parties have become very important in a democratic country because of the following reasons.
• Not having political parties will lead to chaos and turmoil in the society. It will be against democratic principles.
• Without parties, candidates elected will be independent and will not be able to make policies.
They will not be responsible and accountable to the people.
• The existence of parties in a democracy ensures that a country runs as per its policies and ideologies and have a government which is answerable to the people.

Question : Describe any five major functions of political parties
Answer :
 The following are the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
• Contest elections: Parties contest elections. In countries like India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.
• Put forward policies and programmes: Parties put forward different policies and programmes and voters choose from them. Political parties accommodate different views and opinions.
• Play an important role in making laws: Political parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country. Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature, but since most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinions.
• Form and run government: To run the government, political parties prepare a council of ministers by recruiting and training the leaders.
• Provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes: Political parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments. For an ordinary citizen, it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government officer.
• Play the role of position: The party which loses election plays the role of opposition.
Opposition party tries to put checks on the ruling party by constantly criticizing its policies.
• Shape public opinion: One of the most important functions of political parties is that they shape public opinion on relevant issues for the proper functioning of the government and to deepen the concept of democracy

Question : How is dynastic succession a major challenge for political parties in India? Explain.
Answer :
 The challenge of dynastic succession is undoubtedly a major challenge for political parties in India.
The following points explain this.
• Usually, an ordinary worker does not rise to the top positions in a party because the functioning of most political parties is not transparent.
• Most of the top leaders favour and choose members of their families. This is unfair to other members.
• The top positions are always controlled by members of one family. This is unhealthy for democracy.
• People who are at top levels usually do no have adequate experience, education or popular support.
• The challenge of dynastic succession is related to the challenge of lack of internal democracy.
Non-deserving leaders exercise paramount power and make decisions. Those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to continue in the party.
 

Source/Case Based Questions 

Question : Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow : 
Political parties are easily one of the most visible institutions in a democracy. For most ordinary citizens, democracy is equal to political parties. If you travel to remote parts of our country and speak to the less educated citizens, you could come across people who may not know anything about our Constitution or about the nature of our government. But chances are that they would know something about our political parties. At the same time this visibility does not mean popularity. Most people tend to be very critical of political parties. They tend to blame parties for all that is wrong with our democracy and our political life. Parties have become identified with social and political divisions. Therefore, it is natural to ask - do we need political parties at all? About hundred years ago there were few countries of the world that had any political party. Now there are few that do not have parties. Why did political parties become so omnipresent in democracies all over the world ? Let us first answer what political parties are and what they do, before we say why we need them. A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others. They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections. Thus, parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve PARTISANSHIP. Thus a party is known by which part it stands for, which policies it supports and whose interests it upholds. 

(i) How did political parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society?
Answer : Political parties agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote collective good.
(i) Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others.
(ii) They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections. Thus, parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. 

(ii) Who identifies themselves with social and political divisions?
Answer : Political parties identify themselves with social and political divisions.

 

More Questions and Answers for NCERT Class 10 Social Science Political Parties.....

Question : Name any two challenges to political parties?
Answer : (i) Lack of internal democracy
(ii) Growing role of money and muscle power in parties, especially during elections.

Question : What will happen if any MLA or MP changes parties?
Answer : He or she will lose the seat in the legislature.

Question : What is expected form a government?
Answer : A government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the ruling party.

Question : Mention any two functions of a political party.
Answer : (i) It contests elections.
(ii) It puts forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from then.

Question : Why do parties sometimes launch movements?
Answer : Parties sometimes launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.

Question : What is the chief objective of Communist Party of India – Marxist (CPI-M)?
Answer : The chief objective of CPI–M is to secure socio-economic justice in India.

Question : Name the states where one can notice significant presence of Communist Party of India (CPI).
Answer : Kerala, West Bengal, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Question : Under which do people usually reject some particular parties in the next elections?
Answer : People usually reject some particular parties in the next elections if they (parties) are not responsive to their (people’s) needs and demands.

Question : How are political parties viewed in a democracy?
Answer : Political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy.

Question : When was Bahujan Samaj Party formed and under whose leadership?
Answer : Bahujan Samaj Party was formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kansi Ram.

Question : Who are personalities from whom BSP draws inspiration?
Answer : BSP draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Question : How many parties are registered with the Election Commission of India?
Answer : More than 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission of India.

Question : Why is one party system not considered a good option?
Answer : One party system is not considered a good option because this is not a democratic option.

Question : If all the decision of a political party are made by a single family and all other members are neglected, than what challenge is being faced by that party?
Answer : That political party will face the challenge of lack of internal democracy within parties.

Question : What is political party?
Answer : A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.

Question : Why do we need at least two parties in a democratic system?
Answer : It gives a fair chance to the two parties to compete in elections to come to power.

Question : What is partisanship?
Answer : Partisanship is marked by a tendency to take a side and inability to take a balanced view on an issue.

Question : What do you mean by the term ‘defection’? What measures were adopted to prevent this practice?
Answer : ‘Defection’ in politics means moving of a person from one party to another party for some personal benefit. It means changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected to a different party. It happens when a legislature, after having been elected from a particular party leaves it and joins in other party.
Measures adopted to prevent this practice:
(i) The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in defection, in order to become ministers or for cash rewards.
(ii) Now, the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose seat in the legislature.
(iii) The new law has brought defection down and has made dissent even more difficult. Now MLAs and MPs have to accept whatever party leaders say.

Question : “Political parties play a major role in democracy.” Give three viewpoints to justify this statement.
Answer : (i) Political parties reduce a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions which it supports. The government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the ruling party.
(ii) Those parties, that lose the elections, play role of the opposition. They voice different views and criticise government for its failures or wrong policies. Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to the government.
(iii) Political parties shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues. The political parties put before various problems of the country and try to explain them in an easy way through magazines, booklets and meetings.

Question : Give an assessment of two-party system with examples.
Answer : In some countries power usually changes between two major parties. Several other parties exist, contest elections and win a few seats in the legislature. But only two main parties have a serious chance of winning and forming government. For example, countries like U.K., Canada, England and U.S. follow two-party system. In this type of party system the winning party forms the government and the other party forms the opposition.

Question : Differentiate between a national party and a state party.
Answer : Differences between a national party and a regional/state party.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Parties_1

Question : What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a multi-party system? Explain.
Answer : If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi-party system. In India, we have a multi-party system. It is because the social and geographical diversity in such a large country is not easily absorbed by two or even three parties. No system is ideal for all countries and all situations.

Question. What are the characteristics of a political party?
Answer : Characteristics of a political party are:
(i) Every party has a certain structure. The group of people is organised in a proper way. Every member is aware of his role and responsibilities in the party.
(ii) All the members agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.
(iii) Political parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve partnership.

Question. Name the national political party which draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj. Mention the features of that party.
Answer : Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram, draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj.
Features of BSP:
(i) It stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.
(ii) It has its main base in the state of Uttar Pradesh and substantial presence in neighbouring states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab.
(iii) It formed government in Uttar Pradesh several times by taking support of different parties at different times.

Question. What values are associated with a political party?
Answer : A political party is a group of people with similar policies and programmes, who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. The values associated with a political party are:
(i) It has a certain structure. The group of people who form a political party is organised in a proper way.
(ii) Every political party works for the collective public interest. Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others.
(iii) Parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. They are a part of the society and this involves partisanship.

Question. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
Or
Describe any five major functions of political parties.
Answer : Political parties perform the following functions in a democracy:
(i) Parties contest elections: In most of democratic countries, elections are fought mainly among the candidates put up by the political parties. Parties select their candidates in different ways. In India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.
(ii) Parties put forward different policies and programmes: Each one of us may have different opinions and views on what policies are suitable for the society. In democracy large number of similar opinions has to be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the government. This is what the parties do. A party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions which it supports. The government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the ruling party.
(iii) Parties make laws for the country: Though laws are passed by the legislature but since most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinions.
(iv) Parties form and run government: Political parties recruit leaders, train them and make them ministers to run the government in the way they want.
(v) Parties play role of the opposition to the parties in power: They voice different views and criticise government for its failures or wrong policies. Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to the government.
(vi) Parties shape public opinion: They shape public opinion by raising and highlighting issues. They do these through pressure groups, which are the extensions of political parties and also launch movements for resolutions of problems faced by the people.
(vii) Parties provide people access to government welfare schemes: For an ordinary citizen it is easier to approach a local party leader than a government officer. They feel close to party even if they do not fully trust them. Even parties have to be responsive to the people’s needs and demands otherwise people can reject parties in the next elections.

Source Based Question

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows-

Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties: parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the federation. This is the case in India as well. There are some countrywide parties, which are called 'national parties. These parties have their units in various states. However,largely, all these units follow the same policies, programmers and strategy that is decided at the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These parties are given a unique symbol only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol. Parties that get this privilege and some other special facilities are 'recognised' by the Election Commission for this purpose. That is why; these parties are called 'recognised political parties'. The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha ellections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.

Question : Who issues symbols to the political parties?
Answer. 
The Election Commission of India issues symbols to the political parties.

Question : What is the criteria laid down by the Election Commission to be recognised as a state party?
Answer. The criteria laid down by the Election Commission to be recognised as a state party are:
I.It must secure at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state
II. It should win at least two seats

Question : Which parties are called as recognised political parties?
Answer. 
The parties, which are given a unique symbol le only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol, are called recognised political parties.

 

Question. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

" Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank he started, jointly received the Noble Peace Prize for 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level.
The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decisions, some did not like it. “Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government,” said Shahedul Islam, a government official. “That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”
But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “There was no debate (over him) winning the Nobel, but politics is different—very challenging and often controversial,” said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. “Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,” asked one political observer. "

Do you think Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party?
Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people? How do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties? If you were the one to begin this political party how would you defend it?
Answer :
 Yunus made a right decision to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. It’s a human tendency when a competitor comes in front of anybody, people look for excuses to quit the person out of the field. When there are more than one parties in the country people have a choice to make between good and bad. The new party should promote proper leadership, good governance and should be capable of bringing about new healthy political culture. Last but not least it should be democratic from the grassroots level.

Question : Explain any five suggestions to reform political parties in India
Or
Suggest and explain any five effective measures to reform political parties.
Answer: Five suggestions made to reform the political parties:
1. Law to regulate the internal affairs of political parties like maintaining a register of its members, to follow its own constitution, to have independent authority, to act as judge in case of party dispute, to hold open elections to the highest post.
2. It should be mandatory for political parties to give one-third tickets to women candidates. In addition, there should be quota for women on the decision-making bodies of the party.
3. There should be state funding of elections. The government should give money to parties to support their election expenses in kind (petrol, paper, telephone, etc.) or in cash based on votes secured by the party in the previous election.
4. The candidate should be educated, so that he can solve and understand people’s problems. His previous record should be cleared. He should be honest and there should be no criminal case against him.
5. Citizens can reform politics if they take part directly and join political parties. People can put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity in media, agitations etc.

Question : Explain the growing role of money and muscle power in political parties. 
Or
How do money and muscle power play an important role in
Answer: Political parties need to face and overcome the growing challenge of Money and Muscle power during elections in order to remain effective instruments of democracy. Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to use shortcuts to win elections, for example, like booth-rigging, distribution of food, money, alcohol, etc. to the poor voters to get their votes. Political parties tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party. These days, parties are supporting criminals who can win elections. This is a major cause of concern to the democrats all over the world who are worried about the increasing role of rich people and big companies in democratic politics.

Question : Why do we need political parties? Explain
Or
Describe any five major functions performed by political parties.
Answer: To fill political offices and exercise political power, political parties are needed to perform a series of functions, which are the following:
1. Parties contest elections. Elections are fought mainly among candidates put up by political parties.
In India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.
2. Parties put forward different policies and programmes. Political parties in a democracy group together similar opinions, to provide a direction in which government policies can be formulated,
3. Parties make laws for a country. Laws are debated and passed in the legislature.
4. Parties that lose elections play the role of the opposition. Opposition parties voice their views by criticizing government for its failure or wrong policies.
5. Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues and resolve people’s problems.Many pressure groups are the extensions of political parties.
6. Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes. For an ordinary citizen it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government officer.

Question :Examine the role of opposition parties in a Democracy. 
Answer: Opposition parties play an important role in democracies. They play both positive and negative role. Positive role,
1. They ensures political party in power does not misuse or abuse its power;
2. They expose the weaknesses of the ruling party;
3. They also keep a close vigil on the bills and expenditure of the government.
Negative role.
• They target the government and aim at dislodging and discrediting the government for all the ills and the troubles the people face;
• Through stalling the proceedings of the parliament, dhamas and gheravs, it curtails the progress of the country.
The opposition’s work is not to abstract the functioning of the administration but keep a close watch on the working of the party in power so that democracy becomes meaningful.

Question : “About hundred years ago there were few countries that had hardly any political party. Now there are few countries that do not have political parties.” Examine this statement.
Answer: We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without parties.
Every candidate in the election will be independent. Therefore, no major policy changes will be made.
Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency but no one will be responsible for the smooth running of the country. As societies become large and complex, they need an agency to gather views on various issues and to present them to the government. There is a need to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government can be formed.A mechanism is needed to support or restrain the government to make policies, justify or oppose them.
Political parties fulfil the needs of a representative government and are thus a necessary condition for a democracy.

 

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