CBSE Class 10 Social Science Economics The Story of Development Assignment

Question. State any two goals of development other than income.
Answer : The two goals of development other than income are freedom and security.

Question. Why is per capita income calculated in the US dollars?
Answer : Per capita income is calculated in the US dollars because it is the common currency in use in the world market.

Question. Give any two common developmental goals of the people.
Answer : The two common developmental goals of the people are better income and quality education.

Question. Suggest any one way to solve under-employment situation in rural areas.
Answer : To solve the problem of under-employment in the rural areas, the government should help the people in opening their own business by providing bank loans at lower or no interest rate.

Question. Mention any one limitation of per capita income as an indicator of development.
Answer : Per capita income hides the disparities as it does not tell us how the income is distributed among the people in the country.

Question. What is the rank of India as per HDI report of 2004?
Answer :  The rank of India as per HDI report of 2004 is 126.

Question. Define average income.
Answer : It can be defined as the total income of the country divided by the total population.

Question. Study the data given below and answer the questions that follow: 
Answer : Some comparative data on Punjab, Kerala and Bihar (Image 1) Which state appears the most developed? Answer : Kerala appears the most developed as it is on the top among other criteria of comparison.

Question. Which countries are known as rich countries on the basis of per capita income?
Answer : Countries with PCI more than US$ 12,236 per annum are known as rich countries on the basis of per capita income.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with three examples.
Answer : Development, at present, without harming the environment and also keep it safe for the future generation is termed as sustainable development. a. Groundwater, which is a renewable resource, is getting depleted because of its overuse. People are facing problem of water crisis due to its indiscriminate use. b. The development emerged from the fast industrialisation leads to the cutting of forest and its result is the polluted- environment for the present as well as for the future generations. c. The crude oil which is a non-renewable resource with limited stock is depleting gradually. So we need to use it wisely.

Question. “People have conflicting development goals”. Support the statement with examples.
Answer : Sometimes the developmental goals of people may be conflicting in nature and prove destructive for others. For example - a. Construction of dam could be a development goal for the industrialist but it is a conflicting goal as it would affect the lives of the people living in that area as the local people may get displaced and their livelihood may get disrupted. b. If there is slum near the high rise buildings then the people of that high rise building will have the developmental goal to remove the slum from that locality which will be a conflicting goal as it would displace the slum people.

Question. Describe any three possible development goals of landless rural labourers.
Answer : The three possible development goals of landless rural labourers are: a. Have basic facilities and more days of work. b. Better wages. c. Quality education to their children in the nearby government school.

Question. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well”. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments.
Answer : It is true to say that money in our pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that we need to live well because: a. Money cannot give us a pollution-free environment. b. It cannot ensure unadulterated medicines to the people. c. It cannot protect us from infectious diseases.

Question. Differentiate between the Human Development Report and the World Development Report.
Answer : The Human Development Report and the World Development Report can be differentiated on the following grounds: a. Human Development Report is published by the UNDP whereas the World Development Report is published by the World Bank. b. Human Development Report is published on the basis of PCI, health status and educational levels whereas the World Development Report classify the countries on the basis of just PCI. c. Human Development Report gives the real picture of development as it uses both the material and non-material criteria whereas the World Bank just uses the material criteria for the classification.

Question. Why does Kerala have a better Human Development Index ranking in comparison to Punjab? Explain with three reasons.
Answer : Kerala has a better Human Development Index ranking in comparison to Punjab. The three reasons are: a. Kerala has better provisions of health facilities and therefore the IMR in Kerala is very low. b. Kerala has better educational facilities. Therefore, literacy rate is high there and net attendance ratio is also high. c. Kerala has better provisions of PDS.

Question. What is the main norm used by the World Bank in classifying different countries as rich and poor countries? What are the restrictions of such norms?
Answer : The main norm used by the World Bank in classifying different countries as rich and poor countries is per capita income. a. Average income hides the disparity. b. Average income does not tell us the distribution of income among the people. c. It is just a material criteria for the comparison.

Question. Besides income, what are the six other things people may look for growth and development?
Answer : Besides income, freedom, security, respect, equal treatment, friendship and pollution-free environment are the six other things people may look for growth and development.

Question. State any three factors other than human income, which are important in life.
Answer : The three factors other than human income, which are important in life are: a. Freedom b. Respect c. Equal treatment.

Question. Explain the importance of sustainable development with reference to ground water by giving example.
Answer : Suitable development means development of the present generation by using the earth’s resources as well as the ability to meet the needs of future generation also. For example, ground water is a renewable resources but we are overusing it as compare to its replenish time. Now people face water crisis due to its indiscriminate use.

Question. Average income is important but it has limitations while using it. Explain. [
Answer : Income is also an important criterion for comparing the countries because it helps in fulfilling the greater demands of the people. Higher income countries are more developed than the lower income countries. But it has limitation too. a. Average income hides the disparity. b. Average income does not tell us the distribution of income among the people. c. It is just a material criteria for the comparison.

Question. Study the data given below and answer the questions that follow: 
Answer : Some comparative data on Punjab, (Image 3) a. Which state has the highest infant mortality rate? b. Why does this state have the highest infant mortality rate? Give two reasons. Answer : a. Bihar has the highest infant mortality rate. b. Due to the following two reasons, Bihar has the highest infant mortality rate: (i) Low income. (ii) Poor medical facilities.

Question. What is Human Development Report? Which organisation measures HDR? Explain three major indicators of a country. 
Answer : Human Development Report is about the level of development of different countries of the world. UNDP is the organisation which makes Human Development Report. The three major indicators used by the HDR are: PCI, health status and educational levels.

Question. Explain sustainable development. Suggest two measures to ensure sustainable development.
Answer : Development at present without harming the environment and also keep it safe for the future generation is termed as sustainable development. a. The two measures to ensure sustainable development are: b. Judicious use of resources. c. Stop degrading the natural resources.

Question. Compare India and Sri Lanka on the basis of any three indicators of Human Development Index for 2004.
Answer : The following is the comparison between India and Sri Lanka on the basis of PCI, life expectancy and literacy rate used for the Human Development Index in the year 2004: a. In terms of PCI, India has US $ 3139 whereas Sri Lanka has US $ 4390. b. In terms of life expectancy, India has 64 whereas Sri Lanka has 74. c. In terms of literacy rate, India has 61% whereas Sri Lanka has 91%. So it can be concluded that in all the parameters of development Sri Lanka is far ahead than India.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. “Though the level of income is important, it is not an inadequate measure of development.” Justify the statement.
Answer : It is true to say that the level of income is also an important criterion for comparing the countries because it helps in fulfilling the greater demands of the people. Higher income countries are more developed than the lower income countries. a. But just the level of income is not a useful criterion. Along with it the other non¬material criteria should be used. b. UNDP’s criteria is the best criteria for comparing the countries with respect to the other criteria because the other criteria like total income and per capita income are the material criteria whereas the UNDP uses both the material and non-material criteria for the comparison. It gives the real picture of development of a country.

Question. What is Human Development Index? Which organisation measures the HDI? Explain the three major indicators of the HDI.
Answer : Human Development Index is about the level of development of different countries of the world which gives the ranking to different countries of the world. UNDP is the organisation which measures Human Development Index. The three major indicators used by the HDI are: PCI, health status and educational levels.

Question. “What may be the development for one may be the destruction for the other.” Explain the statement with appropriate examples.
Answer : It is true to say that what may be the development for one may be the destruction for the other. Sometimes the developmental goals of people may be conflicting in nature and prove destructive for others. For example, a. Construction of dam could be a development goal for the industrialist but it is a conflicting goal as it would affect the lives of the people living in that area as the local people may get displaced and their livelihood may get disrupted. b. If there is slum near the high rise buildings then the people of that high rise building will have the developmental goal to remove the slum from that locality which will be a conflicting goal as it would displace the slum people.

Question. What is sustainable development? Suggest any two ways in which resources can be used judiciously.
Answer : Development at present without harming the environment and also keeping for the is termed as sustainable The two ways in which resources can be used judiciously are: a. Switching off the lights and fans when not in use. b. Turn off the engine at the red light.

Question. What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criteria, if any? In what respects is the criteria used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Answer : The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is per capita income. Limitations of using average income for comparison: a. Average income hides the disparity. b. Average income does not tell us the distribution of income among the people. c. It is just a material criteria for the comparison. The criteria used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank on the following basis: a. World Bank uses PCI as a criteria for comparing the countries whereas UNDP uses PCI, health status and educational levels for the comparison. b. The criteria used by the World Bank is just a material criteria whereas the criteria used by the UNDP is both material and non-material criteria. c. The criteria used by the World Bank does not give us a real picture of development as it is given by the UNDP.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question.  Why do different people have different goals for development?

Ans: Different people have different goals for development because: Different people have different aspiration and desire. Some may like to have `more income and better quality of education for their children, while others may require no social discrimination and high support price for their crops. So according to the living conditions and the environment in which the person stays, he or she pursue for the goals. People seek things that are most important for them i.e., that which can fulfill their aspiration or desires.

Question.  Why average income is taken into consideration instead of total income while making comparison between countries?

Ans: The total income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. For comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since countries have different population, comparing total income will not tell us what an average people is likely to earn. Hence we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population.

So, Average income = Total income /Total population

The average income is also called per capita income.

Question. Write a paragraph on your nation that what should India do, to become a developed country?

Ans.(i) Control the rate of increasing population.

       (ii) Use of latest technology, irrigation facility, chemical fertilizers, and all information should be provided to farmers.

       (iii) New economic policy, international trade, liberalization and globalization should be adopted sincerely and effectively.

       (iv) Adequate facilities related with infrastructure, education, health, electricity, water, transport etc should be provided to all people of all regions and areas.

Question. What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Ans :Per capita income is the main criteria used by World Bank.

Limitations of per capita income:

It enables to show how income is distributed among the people of the country.

Cost of pollution is not considered in this average.

Some other important aspects like infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio etc are not considered while calculating per capita income.