CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Manufacturing Industries Assignment

Manufacturing Industries

Points to Remember: Production of more valuable goods in large quantities after processing the raw material is called manufacturing. The extensive form of manufacturing is called Industry.

Cotton Textile Industry
• First successful cotton textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
• Mahatma Gandhi laid emphasis on the spinning of yarn and wearing khadi so that weavers could get employment.
• In the early years the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujrat. Availability of raw material, market, transport facilities (port), labour and moist climate contributed towards its localisation.
• While spinning continues to be centralized in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamilnadu, weaving is highly decentralized to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and design of weaving in cotton, silk,zari, embroidery, etc.

Jute Industry
• India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
• In India Jute Industry is highly concentrated mainly around the banks of Hugli River-
(a) Proximity of the jute producing area
(b) Inexpensive transportation,
(c) Cheap labour
(d) Abundant water supply
(e) Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export to the jute goods.
• Challenges faced by the industry include the stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitute and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil etc. However the National Jute policy ensured good prices to jute farmers.

Sugar Industry
• India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari.
• Sugar mills in India spread over Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra,Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat.
• In recent years there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states especially in Maharashtra.
This is because-
(a) Higher sucrose content in the sugar cane,
(b) Cool climate,
(c) Moreover the cooperatives are more successful.
• Major Challenges-
(a) Seasonal nature,
(b) Old and inefficient methods of production,
(c) Transport delay

Iron and Steel Industry
• The iron and steel Industry is the basic industry since all the other industries- heavy, medium, and light depends on it for their machinery.
• Iron ore, coking coal and limestone in the ratio of 4:2:1.
• In the year 2016 with 95.6 million tons of steel production, India ranked third among the world crude steel producers. It is the largest producer of sponge Iron.
• Most of the public sector undertakings market their steel through Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
• Chotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of Iron and Steel industries. It is because
(a) Low cost iron ore,
(b) High grade raw materials in proximity,
(c) Cheap labour
(d) Local market

Reasons for its not growing in full potential in India-
(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal,
(b) Lower productivity of labours,
(c) Irregular supply of energy,
(d) Poor infrastructure

Aluminium Smelting
• Aluminium Smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India.
• It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, mailable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
• Aluminium smelting plants in India are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh ,Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
Two key need areas for the establishment of this industry are-
• Uninterrupted power supply,
• Availability of cheap raw material.

Chemical Industry
• Both organic and inorganic types of chemicals are produced in India.
• Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
• Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkaline, soda ash.
• It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP.
• It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world.

Fertiliser Industry
• The fertilizer industry is centered around the production of nitrogenous fertilizers (mainly Urea), Phosphatic fertilizers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilizers.
• Potash is entirely imported as the country does not have any reserves of commercially usable potassium compound.
• After the Green Revolution the industry expanded to several other part of the country.

Cement Industry
• This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, aluminium and gypsum.
• Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail transportation.
• It is used for construction activities.
• Its plants are located in Gujarat due to its access to the market in the gulf countries.

Automobile Industry
• Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transportation of goods and passengers.
• After the liberalization the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market.
• The industry is located around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune,Chennai, etc.
 

Information Technology and Electronic Industry
• It covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephone, cellular telecom, pager, telephone exchange, radars. Computers and many more equipment.
• Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India.
• The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India.

Methods to Control Pollution
• Use of three R's (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
• Rainwater harvesting
• Treatment of Industrial waste
• Use of renewable sources of energy
• Development of new techniques which is durable and cause less pollution.

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : Which of the following industries has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last few years? 
(a) Tourism Industry
(b) Information Technology Industry
(c) Engineering Industry
(d) Electronics Industry
 

Answer : B

In question assertion (A) and its reason (B) is given below. Read the following statements and choose the right answer from the options given below.
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is the not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is correct but R is incorrect
(d) R is correct but A is incorrect.

Question. Assertion (A): Iron and steel industry is called a basic industry.
Reasoning (R): Every other industries-light, medium or heavy industries are dependent on it.
Answer. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Question. Assertion (A): In recent years there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states especially in Maharashtra
Reasoning (R): Sucrose content in the sugar cane is higher.
Answer. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Source Based Questions 

1. Read the extract and answer the following questions

Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the increase due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. The main markets are U.S., Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, U.K. and Australia. The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

Question. Which Industry the paragraph is talking about?
(a) Cotton
(b) Sugar
(c) Jute
(d) Silk
Answer. C

Question. What is/are the major challenge/s to the industry mentioned in the paragraph?
(a) International competition
(b) Synthetic substitute
(c) Both
(d) None of these
Answer. C

Question. When was the National Jute Policy formulated?
(a) 2004
(b) 2005
(c) 2006
(d) 2001
Answer. B

Question. What is the cause of increase in demand of the product?
(a) Government policy of mandatory use in packaging
(b) Diversifying the products
(c) Global concern for environment
(d) All of the above
Answer. D

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : What happened to our traditional industries during the colonial period?
Answer :  Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-make cloth from England.

Question : What is the position of India in the production of sugar in world?
Answer :  India holds second position in the production of sugar.

Question : Name the industry which is seasonal in nature.
Answer :  Sugar industry.

Question : Industrialisation and urbanization go hand in hand‘. Explain.
Answer : (i) Cities provide market and also provide services such as banking, insurances, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice etc. to the industries.(ii) Industrial workers need houses and other facilities. The provision of these facilities can convert a small town into big cities. 

Question : What is agglomeration economies?
Answer : Cities provide market and other facilities like banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants, and financial advice etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make, use of the advantages offered by the urban institutions. This is known as agglomeration economies.  

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : Name three physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries.
Answer : Physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries are:
(i) Availability of raw materials (ii) Availability of power resources
(iii) Suitable climate (iv) Availability of water Human factors that affect the location of industries are:
(i) Availability of labour (ii) Availability of market (iii) Government policies 

Question : Which region in India has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
Answer :   The Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.

Question : What is the large scale and small scale industries? Give examples.
Answer :  Those industries that employs large number of workers in each unit and having large production level are known as large scale industries. e.g. cotton textile industry. The industry that employs small number of workers in each unit and having small production level is known as small scale industry. e.g. readymade garment industries.

Question : Explain any three factors that affect the location of industries in a region.
Answer :  The location of industries are influenced by several factors:
1. Availability of Raw Material: The industries are largely located at the places where the raw material is available in abundance and at cheaper rates in close proximity.
2. Favourable Climate: The industries are densely found in the regions where the climate is favourable for its growth and functioning. For instance, in Maharashtra, due to the presence of humid climate all the year around the thread does not break frequently. And this type of the climate is favourable for the cotton textiles industries.
3. Market: Market in the nearby areas is also an important requirement for the location of industries for selling of goods manufactured. The regions having market in the adjoining regions to sell-off the finished goods are likely to have more industries.

Answer :   a. Availability of raw cotton.

b. Ready markets are available.

c. Well-developed means of transportation.

d. Abundant skilled and unskilled labour at cheap rate.

e. Moist climate which is suitable for the cotton industry.

 

Question : On the following political map of India, locate, mark and label the following with appropriate symbols.

i. Indore- Software Technology Park

ii. Kanpur-Cotton Textile Industry

iii. Bhilai-Iron and Steel Plant 

Answer :

 

 

Question : i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.

a. Iron and Steel Plant

b. Iron and steel Plant

ii. Locate and Label Kanpur woolen textile with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification. 

 

Answer :

 

 

 
 

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : Describe the various physical and human factors responsible for the location of industries. 

Answer : Location of the industry is affected by physical as well as human factors Physic Factors:

i. Availability of raw materials - a place near the sources of raw materials is an ideal location for any industry.

ii. Power resources-Power resources like coal and electricity must be available for the industry.

iii. Water availability and favourable climate are also considered while setting up an industry.

Human Factors:

i. Cheap and efficient labour

ii. Capital and bank facilities

iii. Good market

iv. Transport facility

 

Question : How will you elaborate the importance of manufacturing? Explain. 

Answer : The manufacturing industry is of great importance for a country's economy. It helps in following ways:

i. Uplifts agriculture sector: Manufacturing industry not only help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sector. Therefore it is of great importance to the country's economy.

ii. Eradicates poverty and unemployment: Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from the country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India.

iii. Boosts trade and commerece: Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.

iv. Makes country prosperous: Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question : Explain with examples, how do industries give boost to the agriculture sector?
Answer :   (a) Industries provide agricultural implements machine and other products to the agricultural sector such as PVC pipes, irrigation pumps, fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides etc.
(b) Due to these products provided by the industries to the agricultural sector, the agricultural production increases. These inputs also improve the efficiency of production.
(c) Green revolution in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh was achieved only because the industries provided products like fertilizers and tractors and irrigation pumps to the farmers.
(d) Thus, agricultural development is possible only due to the support from the manufacturing industries
(e) Because of the inputs from the industry the employment opportunities in the agricultural sector also increases. 
 

Question : 'Agriculture' and 'Industry' are complementary to each other." Explain with five examples.
Answer :   (i) Agro industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
(ii) Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials.
(iii) Industries sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, etc., the farmers.
(iv) Industries have made production processes of agriculture very efficient.
(v) Income generated by industrial sector makes its workers richer so they can afford more food stuff. Similarly money is the hand of agricultural labour makes him able to afford more manufactured goods.

Question : "The iron and steel industry is the basic as well as heavy industry." Support the statement with three points.
Answer :   Iron and steel industry is the basic industry as :
(i) All the other industries depend on it for their machinery.
(ii) Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods.
(iii) It provides variety of consumer goods.
(iv) Construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment, are the gift of iron and steel industry.

Question : Explain any five factors affecting the location of a industry.
Answer :   The factors affecting the location of a industry :
(i) Availability of raw material.
(ii) Availability of cheap labour.
(iii) Availability of capital and bank facilities.
(iv) Availability of power and other infrastructure.
(v) Proximity to markets.
(vi) Proximity of adequate and efficient means of transport.

Question : Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of iron and steel industry in and around Chota Nagpur Plateau region.
Answer :   Factors responsible for concentration of iron and steel industries in Chhota Nagpur Plateau :
(i) Low cost and high quality of iron-ore
(ii) High grade raw material in proximity
(iii) Cheap labour
(iv) Vast growth potential in the home market
(v) Good transport connectivity
(vi) Availability of water resources  
 

Question : Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries. Give reasons for it.
Answer :   It is because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry. These include:
(i) Chhotanagpur plateau region has large reserves of iron ores. Low cost of iron ore is avast able here
(ii) High grade raw materials in proximity is available in this region
(iii) Cheap labour is available
(iv) Vast growth potential in the home market is possible.
 

Question : Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?
Answer :   (i) The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production. i.e. 14%.
(ii) 35 million persons are directly engaged in this industry. Thus, it is the second largest industry after agriculture in employment generation.
(iii) It contributes 4% towards GDP.
(iv) It is the only industry in India which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products. 
 

Question : Explain with examples, how do industries give boost to the agriculture sector?
Or
“Agriculture and industry move hand in hand”. Analyse the statement with three examples.
Answer :  Agriculture and industry move hand in hand. This can be proved with the help of the following three examples.
(i) The agro-industries have enhanced agriculture by raising its productivity.
(ii) They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, agricultural machines and tools etc. to the farmers.
(iii) Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes efficient. 
 

Question : State the major challenges of jute industry that are leading to its decline in India.
Answer :  The major challenges before jute industry leading to its decline are:
1. After the partition, most of jute producing areas have gone to east Pakistan, now Bangladesh, and thus jute industry is facing the problem of shortage of raw material.
2. India is facing high cost production and stiff international competition, especially from Bangladesh, and international market like Brazil and Philippines are also giving serious challenges to India.
3. Continuous decline in the demand of jute due to increase in the demand of its substitutes is another major problem faced by this industry.
4. Old and outdated machinery is another major problem leading to decline in the production of jute products.

Question. In 1857 where the first cotton mill of India was founded
(a) Mysore
(b) Madras
(c) Surat
(d) Bombay
Answer: D

Question. Largest producer of Jute and Jute made goods
(a) Bangladesh
(b) India
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Brazil
Answer: B

Question. Iron and steel is a
(a) an agro base industry
(b) a chemical industry
(c) basic industry
(d) tertiary industry
Answer: C

Question. Durgapur is situated in
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Orissa
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) West Bengal
Answer: D

Question. Chemical industries usually are located near
(a) Iron and steel industries
(b) Thermal power plant
(c) Oil refineries
(d) Automobile industry
Answer: C

Question. STP is the Abbreviation of
(a) System tech park
(b) Software Technology Park
(c) State thermal plant
(d) Software Technology Picket
Answer: B

Question. NTPC is the Abbreviation of
(a) National Textile Production Company
(b) National Technology Production Company
(c) National Thermal Power Corporation
(d) National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation
Answer: C

Question. Atomic power plant causes
(a) Water Pollution
(b) Noise Pollution
(c) Air Pollution
(d) Heat Pollution
Answer: D

Question. Manufacturing industries includes
(a) Crop production
(b) Fish production
(c) Plantation
(d) Sugar Production
Answer: D

Question. Manufacturing industries includes
(a) Converting raw material into ready good
(b) Transporting raw material
(c) Producing raw material
(d) Procuring raw material
Answer: A

LONG TYPE QUESTION ANSWER

Question. Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?
Answer:
(i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
(ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation are available in almost every part of the country.
(iii) Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily available in Indi(a)
(iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using simple tools and machines.

Question. Cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture. Explain.
Answer:
(i) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton bull pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.
(ii) Agriculture provides raw material to the industry i.e. raw cotton.

Question. What are the major problems of cotton textile industry?
Answer:
(i) Lack of good quality long staple cotton
(ii) Erratic power supply
(iii) Out dated machinery and technology
(iv) Low output of workers
(v) Stiff international competition

Question. What were the major objectives of National Jute Policy 2005? Why is the internal demand for jute increasing?
Answer:
(i) To increase the productivity
(ii) To improve the quality
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers
(iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare
The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because -
(i) Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging
(ii) The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials.

Question. India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet , we are not able to perform to our full potential. Give any four reasons.
Answer:
(i) High Costs and Limited availability of coking coal.
(ii) Lower productivity of labour
(iii) Shortage of power
(iv) Poor infrastructure.
(v) Low Investment in Research and Development.

Question. Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer: Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:
(i) It is the industry which lays the foundation of rapid development of other industries such as heavy Engineering, defence equipment, automobiles, aeroplanes etc.
(ii) It is also helpful in providing employment.
(iii) It also helps in the development of agriculture.

Question. What is importance of the manufacturing industries?
Answer:
1. Employment generation: Manufacturing industry is the main source of employment for large number of skilled as well as unskilled workers.
2. Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods bring foreign exchange to India.
3. Reduction of pressure on land: Manufacturing industry produces products of daily needs and helps the common people to fulfill their basic needs. It reduces pressure on agricultural sector for employment.
4. Removal of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for the removal of economic problems like poverty, unemployment and economic inequality. It also helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.

Question. What is the importance of Jute Industry?
Answer:
1. Employment- The jute industry supports 2 61 Lakh workers directly another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of jute and Mesta.
2. Products: Jute industry provides products of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats etc.
3. Foreign Exchange: Exports of raw jute and manufactured goods bring foreign exchange
4. Promotion of Small Scale Industry: Many products of the jute industry are manufactured by cottage and small scale industry. So it promotes decentralization of industry.

Question. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention main reasons.
Answer: North India is regarded as the main centre of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer.
Over the time the sugar industry is shifting towards south India. The main reasons behind shifting of the sugar industry towards south India are:
(i) The sugar contents in the cane is higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.
(ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
(iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.
(iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
(v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the south India than north India.