CBSE Class 10 Social Science Sectors Of Indian Economy Worksheet

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Question. Which sector is also called agriculture and related sector?
a. Primary sector
b. Secondary sector
c. Tertiary sector
d. Quaternary sector
Answer : a

Question. What does it show if there is strike by transporters and lorries refuse to take vegetables, milk etc. from rural areas?
a. Dependency of primary sector on secondary sector
b. Dependency of primary sector on tertiary sector
c. Dependency of primary sector and secondary sector on tertiary sector
d. Dependency of tertiary sector on primary sector
Answer : c

Question. Which of the following occupationscannot be included in tertiary sector?
a. Courier
b. Basket weaver
c. Call center employee
d. Transporter
Answer : b

Question. Which of the following occupations cannot be included in primary sector?
a. Agriculture
b. Fishing
c. Mining
d. Moneylending
Answer : d

Question. If biscuits are made from flour and flour from wheat then which of the following is true?
a. Flour is raw material and wheat is final product
b. Biscuit is final product and wheat is intermediate good
c. Flour is raw material; Wheat is intermediate good and biscuit is final product
d. Wheat is raw material for flour, flour is raw material for biscuit and biscuit is the final product.
Answer : d

Question. Which of the following is true about historical change in sectors in India in last 100 years
a. In initial stage primary sector was most important
b. In middle stage tertiary sector became more important than secondary sector
c. In recent time secondary sector became more important than tertiary sector
d. Primary sector remained most important in all stages.
Answer : a

Question. Which sector has lost its share in GDP but still continues to be largest employer
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Only c
Answer : a

Question. Disguised unemployment occurs when people
a. Do not want to work
b. Are working in a lazy manner
c. Are working less than what they are capable of doing
d. Are not paid for their work
Answer : c

Question. Which one of the following is not an organized sector activity
a. A teacher taking class in school
b. A doctor treating patient in hospital
c. A policeman working under superior officer
d. A daily wage labourer working under a contractor
Answer : d

Question. The sectors are classified into organized and unorganized sector on the basis of:
a. Employment conditions
b. The nature of economic activity
c. Ownership of enterprises
d. Number of workers employed in the enterprise
Answer : a

Question. Kamal does not get paid leaves, medical benefits and payment during holidays in which type of sector he might be working
a. Organized sector
b. Unorganized sector
c. Only a
d. It can be any one of them
Answer : b

Question. Sunny works in place where doors of expensive cars are made. He works in
a. Primary sector
b. Secondary sector
c. Tertiary sector
d. None of the above
Answer : b

Question. Manish is preparing to join Google as software engineer which of the following might be wrong about him?
a. He will work in unorganized sector
b. He will work in private sector
c. He will work in tertiary sector
d. He will work in organized sector
Answer : a

Question. Mr. Rajan says he is government teacher. Which of the following is right about him?
a. He works in secondary sector
b. He works in private sector
c. He works in unorganized sector
d. He works in public sector
Answer : d

Question. Mr. Rishi says his son is planning to be a trader. In which sector he will be working in?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Industrial sector
Answer : c

CASE/SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

1. Study the graph given below and answer the questions that follows

Question. Which sector had largest share in GDP during 1973-74?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Only b
Answer : c

Question. Which sector had largest share in GDP during 2013-14?
a. Primary
b. Tertiary
c. Both a and b
d. Only b
Answer : b

Question. Which sector has shown maximum growth between 1973-74 and 2013-14?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Only b
Answer : c

Question. Which sector has shown least growth between 1973-74 and 2013-14?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Only b
Answer : a

2. Study the paragraph given below and answer the questions that follows

The organised sector offers jobs that are the most sought-after. But the employment opportunities in the organized sector have been expanding very slowly. It is also common to find many organised sector enterprises in the unorganized sector. They adopt such strategies to evade taxes and refuse to follow laws that protect labourers. As a result, a large number of workers are forced to enter the unorganized sector jobs, which pay a very low salary. They are often exploited and not paid a fair wage. Their earnings are low and not regular. These jobs are not secure and have no other benefits. Since the 1990s, it is also common to see a large number of workers losing their jobs in the organized sector. These workers are forced to take up jobs in the unorganized sector with low earnings. Hence, besides the need for more work, there is also a need for protection and support of the workers in the unorganized sector.

Question. Suppose that if Kundan is working in organized sector which of the following might be wrong about him?
a. His sector is expanding very rapidly
b. Many companies/enterprises have entered his sector only to evade taxes
c. His sector is expanding very slowly
d. He gets a fair wage
Answer : c

Question. Mr. Kamal says he was among those people who lost job during 1990s. In which sector he was working?
a. Organized sector
b. Unorganized sector
c. It can be any of them
d. Difficult to say
Answer : a

Question. Which of the following is wrong about Unorganized sector?
a. Low wages
b. Exploitation
c. Most sought-after jobs
d. No job security
Answer : c

Question. Why many organized sector enterprises enter in unorganized sector
a. To evade taxes
b. To refuse laws that protect labourers
c. Only a
d. Both a and b
Answer : d

3. Study the paragraph given below and answer the questions that follows

When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. Why primary? This is because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms throughways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. It is the next step after primary. The product is not produced by nature but has to be made and therefore some process of manufacturing is essential. This could be in a factory, a workshop or at home. It is also called as industrial sector. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aide a support for the production process. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities . The tertiary sector is also called the service sector.

Question. Find the odd one
a. Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
b. Sugar, brick, cloth,
c. Banking, communication, transport
d. Dairy, Gur, trade
Answer : d

Question. find the correct pair
a. Primary – godowns
b. Secondary – storage
c. Tertiary – milk
d. None of the above
Answer : d

Question. In which of the following sector product is changed into other form?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. None of the above
Answer : b

Question. Which of the following is independent of the other two?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. None of the above
Answer : d

4. Study the paragraph given below and answer the questions that follows

After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. At times, it may be necessary to store these in godowns. We also may need to talk to others over telephone or send letters (communication) or borrow money from banks (banking) to help production and trade. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector.

Question. Which economic sector is considered the first sector?
a. Tertiary sector
b. Secondary Sector
c. Primary sector
d. Third Sector
Answer : c

Question. What comes under the tertiary sector?
a. Only transport and trade are examples of tertiary activities.
b. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities.
c. Only storage and communication some examples of tertiary activities.
d. Only banking is an example of tertiary activities
Answer : b

Question. Which sector is known as service sector?
a. Tertiary sector
b. Secondary Sector
c. Primary Sector
d. Third Sector
Answer : c

Question. Fill in the blanks:
These activities (of service sector), by themselves, do not______ but they are an____ or a support for the production process.
a. Lend help, support
b. Produce commodities, support
c. Produce aid, good
d. Produce a good, aid
Answer : d

5. Study the paragraph given below and answer the questions that follows

Sectors of Economic Activities (Primary Sector) There are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Take, for example, the cultivation of cotton. It takes place within a crop season. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly, but not entirely, on natural factors like rainfall, sunshine and climate. The product of this activity, cotton, is a natural product. Similarly, in the case of an activity like dairy, we are dependent on the biological process of the animals and availability of fodder etc. The product here, milk, also is a natural product. Similarly, minerals and ores are also natural products. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. Why primary? This is because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.

Question. Why is Primary Sector also called agriculture and related sector?
a. When we produce a good by properly using natural resources, it is an activity of the Primary Sector. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry etc. So, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
b. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the Primary Sector. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry etc. So, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
c. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry etc. and Primary Sector solely depends on Secondary Sector, so this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
d. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the Secondary Sector. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry etc. So, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
Answer : b

Question. Name some natural products.
a. Airplanes and boats
b. Cars and trucks
c. Minerals and ores, and milk, etc.
d. Trains and pulleys
Answer : c

Question. When does the cultivation of cotton take place?
a. During the fall
b. During the winter season
c. During the shredding season
d. During the crop season
Answer : d

Question. On what we mostly depend for the growth of cotton?
a. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly, but not entirely, on natural factors like rainfall, sunshine and climate.
b. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly on natural factors like rainfall, sunshine and climate.
c. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly on sunshine and climate.
d. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly on rainfall, sunshine.
Answer : a

SUMMARY
Classification of Sectors in Indian Economy- (a) On the basis of nature of activity: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors. All three sectors are inter- dependent. (b) On the basis of ownership – Private and Public Sectors. (c) Division of sectors as organized and unorganized sectors. Economic- Activities and Non- Economic Activities. The value of all final goods and services produced within a country (in all the three sectors) during a particular year is referred to as the Gross Domestic Product. (GDP). The role of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 in alleviating Unemployment. Why is protection and support to workers of unorganized sector necessary? How the public sector contributes to the economic development of a Nation?

Question. Explain the meaning of Primary sector of economic activities using examples.
Answer: 1. There are many activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources. Take, for example, the cultivation of cotton. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources; it is an activity of the primary sector.
2. Since most of the natural products we get are from agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
3. This is called Primary Sector because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make.

Question. Explain the meaning of Secondary sector of economic activities using examples.
Answer: 1. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity.
2. For example, using cotton fiber from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth.
Using sugarcane as a raw material, we make sugar or gur. 3. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called as industrial sector.

Question. Explain the meaning of Tertiary sector of economic activities using examples.
Answer: 1. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
2. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would
need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops
3. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector
is also called the service sector.
4. Service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly helping the production of goods such as, doctors, teachers, lawyers, washer man, cobblers, people in administrative services, certain new services based Information Technology and accounting workers.

Question. Differentiate between Final Goods and Intermediate goods.
Answer:  Final Goods: - All goods which are meant either for consumption by consumers or for investment by firms are called final goods. They are finished goods meant for final use. Intermediate Goods: - All goods which are used as raw material for further production of other goods or for resale in the same year are known as intermediate goods.

Question. What is G D P? How is G D P, calculated in India?
OR
Explain the Process to calculate GDP. 
Answer: 1. The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year.
2. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country.
3. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.
4. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry.
5. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP.

Question. Why is that “only value of final goods and services” taken while calculating G D P?
Answer: 1. While calculating G D P, not every good or service that is produces and sold needs to be taken. It makes sense only to include the final goods and services.
2. This is because the value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods that are used in making the final goods.
3. If we count the value of the intermediate goods, then we would be counting the value of the same things a number of times.

Question. Discuss the reasons for the increasing significance of Tertiary sector in last 30 years in India.
Answer: 1. In any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defense, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required. These can be considered as basic services. In a developing country the government has to take responsibility for the provision of these services.
2. The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of service such as transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already seen.
3. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors more would be the demand for such services.
4. As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. You can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big cities.
5. Over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly.

Question. Evaluate the shifts that have taken place in different sectors of Economy during the last hundred years.
Answer: PRIMARY: 1. Generally, it has been noted from the histories of many, now developed, countries that at initial stages of development, primary sector was the most important sector of economic activity. As the methods of farming changed and agriculture sector began to prosper, it produces much more food than before. Many people could now take up other activities.
SECONDARY:
2. Over a long time (more than hundred years), and especially because new methods of manufacturing were introduced, factories came up and started expanding. Those people who had earlier worked on farms now began to work in factories in large numbers.
TERTIARY:
3. In the past 100 years, there has been a further shift from secondary to tertiary sector in developed countries. The service sector has become the most important in terms total production. Most of the working people are also employed in the service sector. This is the general pattern observed in developed countries years.

Question. What does „Under employment‟ or „Disguised Unemployment‟ mean? OR What is „Under employment‟? Explain with an example.
Answer: 1. Under employment is a situation where everyone is working, none remains idle, but in actual fact their labour effortgets divided.
2. Each one is doing some work but no one is fully employed. This is the situation of underemployment, where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential.
3. This kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have Job and is clearly visible as unemployed. Hence, it is also called disguised unemployment.

Question. In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas?
Answer: 1. A few ways to increase employment opportunities other than large-scale industries in India are:
2. A study conducted by the Planning Commission estimates that nearly 20 lakh jobs could be created in the education sector alone. Similarly, if we are to improve the health situation, we need many more doctors, nurses, health workers etc. These are some ways by which jobs would be created.
3. Every state or region has potential for increasing the income and employment for people in that area. It could be tourism, or regional craft industry, or new services like IT. Some of these would require proper planning and support from the government.

Question. Compare the three sectors of economy on the basis of the Supply of employment.
Answer:  Sectors of Indian economy on the basis of supply of employment.
1. A remarkable fact about India is that while there has been a change in the share of the three sectors in GDP, a similar shift has not taken place in employment. The primary sector continues to be the largest employer even in the year 2000.
2. It is because not enough jobs were created in the secondary and tertiary sectors. Even though industrial output or the production of goods went up by eight times during the period, employment in the industry went up by only 2.5 times.
3. While production in the service sector rose by 11 times, employment in the service sector rose less than three times.

Question. Suggest a few methods by which employment opportunities could be created in rural areas.
OR
In which three ways can employment be increased in rural areas? Explain with examples.
Answer: 1. By spending some money or bank loan to construct a well for family to irrigate the land which would help framer to grow more than one crop in a year.
2. Construct dam and canals to irrigate may farms and this could create lot of employment within the agriculture.
3. By investing on transportation and storage of crops or making rural roads, would encourage farmers to grow more and sell crops and also provide employment in services like transport or trade.
4. Local Banks loan at reasonable rate of interest to buy seeds fertilizers, agricultural equipment and pump sets to draw water would help to cultivate land more
5. By identifying, promoting and locating industries and services in Semi-rural areas whereby employ large number of people. E.g. Setting Dal Mill to procure and process pulse crops and sell in the cities.

Question. Suggest the role of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 in alleviating Unemployment.
OR
Describe the provisions of NREGA 2005. 
Answer: 1. The central government in India recently made a law implementing the Right to workin 200 districts
of India. It is called National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. In 2009, it has been expanded to all 604 districts of India.
2. Under NREGA 2005, all those who are able to, and are in need of, work have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government.
3. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment allowances to the people. The types of work that would in future help to increase the production from land will be given.

Question. Distinguish between Organized and Unorganized Sectors of employment.
Organized Sectors of Employment:
Answer: 1. Organized sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. .
2. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations, which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishments Act etc. Workers in the organized sector enjoy security of employment.
Unorganized Sector of Employment
1. The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed.
2. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People are asked to leave without any reason.

Question. Why is protection and support to workers of unorganized necessary?
Answer: 1. Unorganized sector jobs, which pay a very low salary. They are often exploited and not paid a fair wage. Their earnings are low and not regular.
2. These jobs are not secure and have no other benefits.
3. Besides getting the irregular and low paid work, these workers also face social discrimination (especially ST and S Cs and backward communities form this sector)

Question. How to protect workers in the Unorganized Sector?
Answer: In the rural areas, the unorganized sector mostly comprises of landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers and artisans. These farmers need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets. In the urban areas, unorganized sector comprises mainly of workers in small-scale industry, casual workers in construction, trade and transport etc., and those who work as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers. Small-scale industry also needs governments support for procuring raw material and marketing of output.

Question. How would you classify economic activities on the basis of „ownership‟?
Answer: Economic activities are classified into Public Sector and Private Sector on the basis of ownership.
Public Sector:- In the public sector, the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services. Railways or post office is an example of the public sector. The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profits. Governments raise money through taxes and other ways to meet expenses on the services rendered by it. E.g. Indian Railway.
Private Sector: - In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies. Whereas companies like Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) or Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) are privately owned. Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits. To get such services we have to pay money to these individuals and companies.

Question. Give a few examples of Public sector activities and explain why the Government has taken them up.
Or
Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a Nation.
OR
What is the rationale behind the government managing the public sector?
Answer: 
1.There are several things needed by the society as a whole but which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost. Some of these need spending large sums of money, which is beyond the capacity of the private sector. Also, collecting money from thousands of people who use these facilities is not easy
2. Even if they (private sector) do provide these things they would charge a high rate for their use. Examples are, construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbors, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams etc.
3. Public Sector is owned and operated by Government. There are some activities, which the government has to support. The private sector may not continue their production or business unless Government encourages it. For example, selling electricity at the cost of generation may push up the costs of production of industries. Many units, especially small-scale units, might have to shut down.
4. The government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a „fair price‟. This it stores in its godowns and sells at a lower price to consumers through ration shops.
5. There are a large number of activities, which are the primary responsibility of the government. The government must spend on providing health and education facilities for all-one example. Similarly, nearly half of India‟s children are malnourished and a quarter of them are critically ill. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition.