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Worksheet for Class 10 Social Science India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World
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Class 10 Social Science Worksheet for India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World
Question. What is calligraphy?
(a) Stylised writing
(b) Poetry
(c) Textbooks
(d) Flower arrangement
Answer : A
Question. When was leading libraries came into existence?
(a) Fifteenth century
(b) Seventeenth century
(c) Sixteenth century
(d) None of above
Answer : B
Question. Which book of Jyotiba Phule was based on the caste system?
(a) Amar Jiban
(b) Istri Dharam Vichar
(c) Sacchi Kavitayen
(d) Gulamgiri
Answer : D
Question. Who began to publish the weekly Bengal Gazette?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Gangadhar Bhattacharya
(c) Raja Rammohun Roy
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya
Answer : B
Question. What did Menocchio, the miller, do?
(a) Commissioned artists
(b) Enraged the Roman Catholic Church
(c) Wrote the Adages
(d) None of these
Answer : B
Question. Which scholar expressed a deep anxiety about printing?
(a) Martin Luther
(b) Erasmus
(c) Johann Gutenberg
(d) None of these
Answer : B
Question. Who was James Lackington?
(a) Publisher
(b) Painter
(c) Scholar
(d) Reformer
Answer : A
Question. Who was Martin Luther?
(a) Painter
(b) Poet
(c) Religious reformer
(d) All of these
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following cities became the hub of the Western style-school culture printing?
(a) Berlin
(b) Shanghai
(c) Paris
(d) Britain
Answer : B
Question. Which one of the following, created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate and discussion?
(a) Print
(b) Oral
(c) Text
(d) Ballad
Answer : A
Question. In which of the following years, Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology?
(a) 758-760 AD
(b) 772-774 AD
(c) 768-770 AD
(d) 776-778 AD
Answer : C
Question. Printing was first developed in:
(a) Japan
(b) Portugal
(c) China
(d) Germany
Answer : C
Question. Which one of the following began to edit the ‘Bengal Gazette’ a weeklya magazine?
(a) James Augustus Hickey
(b) George Eliot
(c) Jane Austen
(d) William Bolts
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following countries possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel through Civil Service Examination?
(a) China
(b) Korea
(c) Japan
(d) Britain
Answer : A
Question. Who among the following religious reformers wrote Ninty Five These criticising many of the religious practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic church?
(a) Confucious
(b) Kitagawa Utamaro
(c) Martin Luther
(d) Hi-sang
Answer : C
Question. At which of the following places, the Grimm Brothers spent years compiling traditional folk tales gathered from peasants?
(a) France
(b) England
(c) Germany
(d) Spain
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following is/are some of the best-known women novelist during 19th century?
(a) Jane Austen
(b) George Eliot
(c) Bronte Sisters
(d) All of these
Answer : D
Question. Which class of people normally live i the world of oral culture attain knowledge?
(a) Elite class
(b) Common people
(c) Working class
(d) Peasantry class
Answer : B
Question. In which of the two languages, 50 books were published in 1674?
(a) Konkani and Kanada
(b) Malayalam and Manipuri
(c) Telugu and Tamil
(d) Oriya and Bhojpuri
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following countries had the earliest kind of print technology?
(a) China
(b) Korea
(c) Japan
(d) All of these
Answer : D
Question. Who wrote My Childhood and My University?
(a) Thomas Wood
(b) Maxim Gorky
(c) George Eliot
(d) Jane Austen
Answer : B
Question. What was Gutenberg’s first printed book?
(a) Ballads
(b) Dictionary
(c) Bible
(d) None of these
Answer : C
Question. Which of the following classes emerged as a new reading class?
(a) Elite class
(b) Working class
(c) Common people
(d) Peasantry class
Answer : A
Question. At which of the following places, a children’s press was set up in 1857?
(a) England
(b) Spain
(c) France
(d) China
Answer : C
Question. At which place, Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579?
(a) Cuttack
(b) Cochin
(c) Calcutta
(d) Madras
Answer : B
Question. In which of the following countries, the rates of literacy was very low till the 20th century?
(a) European contries
(b) Asian countries
(c) American contries
(d) Australian contries
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following authors from New York had perfected the power-driven cylindrical press?
(a) Richard M. Hoe
(b) George Eliot
(c) Jane Austen
(d) Martin Luthar
Answer : A
Question. Which of the following books is the oldest Japanese book, printed in 868 AD containing six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations?
(a) Diamond Sutra
(b) Harshcharita
(c) Brihatsutra
(d) Mrichkatika
Answer : A
Question. What were Penny Chapbooks?
(a) Ritual calendars
(b) Journals
(c) Newspapers
(d) Pocket-sized books
Answer : D
Question. Who introduced the printing press in India?
(a) French
(b) Italian
(c) Portuguese
(d) None of these
Answer : C
Question. At which of the following places in India, first printing press was established?
(a) Bombay
(b) Mardras
(c) Calcutta
(d) Goa
Answer : D
FILL IN THE BLANK :
Question. .......... created the way of new writings.
Answer : Printing
Question. In ancient India, .......... were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper.
Answer : Manuscripts
Question. The Printing Press first came to .......... , in India with a rise in the mid 16 century.
Answer : Goa
Question. The .......... Act was modelled on the Irish Press Laws.
Answer : Vernacular Press Act
Question. .......... Hindus believed that a literate girl would be widowed if she gets educated.
Answer : Conservative
TRUE/FALSE :
Question. With the setting up of an increasing number of printing presses, visual images could be easily reproduced in multiple copies.
Ans : True
Question. The first printed book by mechanical press was Bible.
Ans : True
Question. In 1870s, carticatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers.
Ans : True
Question. Gutenberg brought printing to Europe.
Answer : False
Question. In Punjab-Battala area was devoted to the printing of popular books.
Answer : False
ASSERTION AND REASON :
DIRECTION : Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Question. Assertion : The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books.
Reason : Chinese paper reached Europe via the silk route.
Answer : B
Question. Assertion : As literacy and schools spread in African countries, there was a virtual reading mania.
Reason : Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, carrying literacy to tribals.
Answer : D
Question. Assertion : In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
Reason :,T his led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Answer : A
Question. Assertion : There was intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like-widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatory.
Reason : The Deoband Seminary founded in 1867, published thousands upon thousands off at was telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in everyday lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.
Answer : B
Question. Assertion : The first book that Gutenberg printed was the Bible.
Reason : About 500 copies were printed and it took two years to produce them.
Answer : C
Question. Assertion : The new reading culture was accompanied by a new technology.
Reason : From hand printing there was a gradual shift to mechanical printing.
Answer : A
Question. Assertion : Children became an important category of readers.
Reason : Primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century.
Answer : A
Question. Assertion : Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people.
Reason : Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe,
Answer : B
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Answer : The breakthrough of first printing press took place in Strasbourg in Germany.
Answer : These were preserved by pressing between the wooden covers or sewn together.
Answer : The traditional ‘Accordion Book’ of China was folded and stitched at the side because both the sides of the thin; porous sheets could not be printed.
Answer : Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas was the first edition of the Indian religious text published in vernacular.
Short Answer Type Questions
Answer : The three features of the handwritten manuscripts before the age of print in India are:
Question. Why did some people in the eighteenth century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism ?
Or
Assess the impact of print revolution on the European society.
Answer:
(i) Spreading of new ideas : After the coming of the print culture, the ideas of scientists and philosophers now became more accessible to the common people. Ancient and medieval scientific texts were compiled and published.
(ii) Scientific discoveries : Maps and more accurate scientific diagrams were widely printed. When scientists like Issac Newton began to publish their discoveries,
they could influence a much wider circle of scientifically minded readers.
(iii) Writings of scholars : The writings of thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jean Jacques Rousseau were also widely printed, and could gain popularity.
Thus, their ideas about science, reasoning and rationality found their way into popular literature.
(iv) Books as medium of progress: By the mid18th century, books became a medium of spreading progress and enlightenment which could change the society and the world. It was also believed that the books could literate society from despotism and tyranny.
(v) Ideas of enlightened thinkers : The print popularised the ideas of the enlightened thinkers like that of Martin Luther who attacked the authority of the Church and the despotic power of the state, e.g., Voltaire and Rousseau.
(vi) A new culture of dialogue and debate : The print created a new culture of dialogue and debate and the public, became aware of reasoning and recognized the need to question the existing ideas and beliefs.
Question. Why did some people fear the effect of the easily available printed books ?
Choose one example from Europe and one from India.
Or
Explain the role played by print in bringing about a division in the Roman Catholic Church.
Or
Explain the role played by print in the spreading of Protestant Reformation.
Answer: Not everyone welcomed the printed books and those, who did, also had fear about them. Many were of the opinion that printed words and the wider circulation of books,
would have a negative impact on people’s minds. They feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read, then rebellious and irreligious thoughts might
gain importance. There was also fear in the minds of scholars that the authority of ‘valuable’ literature would be destroyed. The new print was criticised by religious
authorities, monarchs, as well as by writers and artists. Let us consider the implication of this in one sphere of life in the early modern Europe, i.e., religion. Martin Luther
was a German monk, priest, professor and a Church reformer. In 1517, he wrote Ninety Five Theses and openly criticized many of the practices and rituals of the
Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy of this was pasted on a Church door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings were
immediately copied in vast numbers and read widely. This led to a division within the Church, and led to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Manx; conservative
Funds believed that a literate girl would be widowed and Muslims believed that educated women could get corrupted by reading Urdu romances. There were many instances of women defying this prohibition.
Question. Explain how the print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.
Answer: (i) New ideas and debates : There were many who criticized the existing practices and campaigned for reforms, while others countered the arguments of the reformers. These debates were carried out openly in public and in print. Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread the new ideas, but they also shaped the nature of the debate. All this assisted the growth of nationalism.
(ii) Connecting various communities : Print did not only stimulate the publication of conflicting opinions amongst communities, but it also connected communities and people living in different parts of India. Newspapers conveyed news from one place to another, creating pan Indian identities.
(iii) Print and news paper : Despite repressive measures, nationalist newspapers grew in numbers in all parts of India. They reported on colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities. When Punjab revolutionaries were deported in 1907, Balgangadhar Tilak wrote with great sympathy about them in Kesari.
(iv) Various novels on national history: Many novels written by Indian novelists like Bankim’s Anandamath created a sense of pan Indian belonging. Munshi Premchand’s novel, Godan highlighted how Indian peasants were exploited by the colonial bureaucrats.
(v) Various images of Bharatmata : Printers like Raja Ravi Verma and Rabindranath Tagore produced images of Bharatmata which produced a sense of nationalism among IndiAnswer: The devotion to mother figure came to be seen as an evidence of one’s nationalism.
Question. What is the relevance of the chapter ‘Print Culture and the Modern World’?
Answer : Print culture is important because it is a true medium of mass communication like newspapers, journals and books etc. It also helps in creation of new ideas, thoughts, etc via books and magazines, etc.
Question. “Woodblock print came to Europe after 1295”. Give any three reasons to explain the above statement.
Answer : (i) Paper reached Europe through the Silk Route in the 11th century.
(ii) In 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China. He brought with him the knowledge of woodblock printing.
(iii) Italy began producing with woodblocks, and soon the technology spread to other parts of Europe.
Question. “The imperial state in China was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples.
Answer : (1) Textbooks for the civil service examination were printed in vast numbers the sponsorship of the imperial state.
(2) Merchants used print in their everyday life as they collected trade information.
(3) The new readership preferred fictional narratives, poetry, romantic plays.
(4) Rich women began to read and many women began publishing their poetry and plays.
(5) Wives of scholar-officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
Long Answer Type Questions
Answer : Lives and feelings of women were written with intensity. This increased the number of women who took to reading. Liberal husbands and fathers started educating their womenfolk at home and some sent them to schools. Many journals began carrying writings by women, and explained why women should be educated. They also carried a syllabus and attached suitable reading matter which could be used for home-based schooling. Superstition was a reason for illiteracy among a large population of women.
• Conservative Hindus believed that a literate girl would be widowed.
• Muslims feared that educated women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances. Social reforms and novels created a great interest in women’s lives and emotions. Women’s opinions and views were slowly considered and respected. Stories were written about how about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic
labour and treated unjustly by the very people they served. Stories about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especially widows also appeared in print. These stories paved the way for the liberation of the suppressed Indian woman.
Other kinds of literature solely for women soon flooded the markets.
• Article on household and fashion lessons for women.
• Articles on issues like women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage and the national movement.
• Short stories and serialised novels.
• Folk literature. In Bengal, an entire area in central Calcutta – the Battala – was devoted to the printing of popular books. These books were being profusely illustrated with woodcuts and coloured lithographs. Peddlers took the Battala publications to homes, enabling women to read them in their leisure time.
Question : Give reasons for the following :
(a) Martin Luther was in favour of print, and spoke out in praise of it.
(b) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid sixteenth century.
(c) Gandhi said the fight for ‘Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press and freedom of association.
Answer : (a) Because it was the printing press which gave him a chance to criticise many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
(b) Print and popular literature encouraged many distinctive interpretations of religious faiths and ideas. In the 16th century, Manocchio, a miller in Italy began to read books available readily in his locality. He gave a new interpretation of the Bible, and formulated a view of God, and creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church. As a result, Manocchio was hauled up twice, and ultimately executed when the Roman Church began its inquisition, and to repress the therapeutical ideas. After this several control measures were imposed on publishers and booksellers. In 1558, the Roman Church decided to maintain an Index of prohibited books.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi uttered these words in 1922 during the Non Cooperation Movement (1920-1922). Because according to him without the liberty of speech, the liberty of the press and freedom of association, no nation can even survive. If the country was to get free from foreign domination, then these liberties were quite important. If there is no liberty of speech, liberty of press and freedom of association, then there is no nationalism. Nationalism requires these three prerequisites for its survival. Mahatma Gandhi fully knew the fact. That is why, he said so, particularly about these three freedoms. How could one ever think of nationalism in the absence of these three essential conditions ?
Question : How did the practice of reading and writing increase among women in India in the 19th century. Support your answer with the help of examples.
Answer : (i) Writings about lives and feelings of Women: Lives and feelings of women began to be written in particularly vivid and intense ways. Women’s reading, therefore, increased enormously in middle-class homes. (ii) Women and liberal families: Liberal husbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at home, and sent them to schools when women’s schools were set up in the cities and towns after the mid-nineteenth century. Many journals began carrying writings by women, and explained why women should be educated. They also carried a syllabus and attached suitable reading matter which could be used for home-based schooling. (iii) Women and Conservatives: Conservative Hindus believed that a literate girl would be widowed and Muslims feared that educated women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances. Reaction: (i) Sometimes, rebel women defied such prohibition. In East Bengal, in the early nineteenth century, Rashsundari Debi, a young married girl in a very orthodox household, learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen. Later, she \yrote her autobiography Amar Jiban which was published in 1876. It was the first full- length autobiography published in the Bengalilanguage. (ii) In the 1880s, in present-day Maharashtra, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especially widows. (iii) A woman in a Tamil novel expressed what reading meant to women who were so greatly confined by social regulations: ‘For various reasons, my world is small. More than half my life’s happiness has come from books. (iv) In 1926, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein, a noted educationist and literary figure, strongly condemned men • for withholding education from women in the name of religion.
Question : Write short notes to show that you know about:
(a) The Erasmus’s idea of the printed book.
(b) The Vernacular Press Act.
Answer :
(a) Erasmus’s idea of the printed book : Erasmus, a Latin scholar and a Catholic reformer, who criticised the excesses of Catholicism,but kept his distance from, Luther, expressed a deep anxiety about printing. He wrote in Adages (1508) :
‘To what corner of the world do they not fly, these swarms of new books ? It may be that one here and there contributes something worth knowing, but the very multitude of them is hurtful to scholarship, because it creates a glut and even in good things, satiety is most harmful… [printers] fill the world with books, not just trifling things (such as I write, perhaps), but stupid, ignorant, slanderous, scandalous, raving, irreligious and seditious books, and the number of them is such that even the valuable publications lose their value.’
(b) The Vernacular Press Act : The revolt of 1857 forced the government to curb the freedom of the press. After the revolt, enraged Englishmen demanded a clamp down on the ‘native’ press. As vernacular newspapers became assertively nationalist, the colonial government began debating measures of strict control. In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed, on the model of Irish Press Laws. It provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press. The government started keeping regular track of the vernacular newspapers published in different provinces. When a report was judged as seditious, the newspapers were given a warning and if the warning was ignored, the press was liable to be seized, and the printing machinery could be confiscated.
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Worksheet for CBSE Social Science Class 10 India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World
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