CBSE Class 10 Geography Lifelines Of National Economy Worksheet Set B

Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question. Assertion : Trade is considered as the economic barometer of the country.
Reason : Trading helps largely in developing countries like India. Advancement of trade is an index to its economic prosperity.
Answer : (a) The reason explains the assertion.

Question. Assertion : Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.
Reason : Roads are unmetalled, their network is adequate.
Answer : (a) Density of all roads varies, keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate, they are unmetalled and unfit for use, posing a lot of problems for transportation.

Question. Assertion : International trade has undergone a sea of changes in the last decades.
Reason : Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge
Answer : (a) India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

Question. Assertion : Communication is unessential requirement of human life.
Reason : Communication between people does not create awareness.
Answer : (d) The increase in population and the change in the modes of communication are the result of increased human movement and transport of materials and goods. These provide healthy entertainment. They are thus essential in life, thus both Assertion and reason are false.

Question. Assertion : Cost of laying pipelines is less but subsequent running costs are maximum
Reason : Pipelines do not facilitate easy transportation of goods.
Answer : (d) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It rules out transshipment losses and delays.

Question. Assertion : Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
Reason : It is a fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
Answer : (a) The reason justifies the Assertion.

Read the extract and answer the questions that follows :
Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible for people to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart from an important means of transport the Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.
The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors. The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for their growth.
However, a large number of rivers requiring  construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. Likewise, it was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand.

1. How many zones the Indian Railway is organized?
Answer : The Indian Railway is reorganized in 16 zones.

2. Discuss the problems suffered by rail transport?
Answer : (i) Many passengers travel without tickets.
(ii) Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.
(iii) People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.

3. Why it is difficult to lay railway tracts in hilly areas ?
Answer : The hilly regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
Source/Extract Based Questions

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows :
For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide. Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and sociocultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy. It has enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

1. The world is shrinking because of advancement in ________ and ________
(a) Science and Technology
(b) Art and Culture
(c) Dance and Music
(d) All of the above 
Answer : A

2. Different types of transportation help in socioeconomic development of a nation. Identify which domain of the earth the following features of transportation belong to:

Choose the correct option—
(a) a-2, b-3, c-1
(b) a-3, b-1, c-2
(c) a-2, b-1, c-3
(d) a-1, b-3, c-2
Answer : A

3. Which one of the followings is not an India's challenge to connect the world?
(a) Complex land features
(b) Cultural and linguistic diversity
(c) Access to sea
(d) Vast area
Answer : C

4. In order to expand its global trade, India needs to:
(a) Invest more in infrastructure
(b) Develop advance transport and communication network
(c) Liberalise trade policies
(d) Restrict import of foreign products.
Answer : D

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows :
As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. Export and import are the components of trade. The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its export and import. When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade. On the contrary, if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of trade.India has trade relations with all the major trading blocks and all geographical regions of the world. The commodities exported from India to other countries include gems and jewellery, chemicals and related products, agriculture and allied products, etc. The commodities imported to India include petroleum crude and products, gems and jewellery, chemicals and related products, base metals, electronic items, machinery, agriculture and allied products. India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology. 
Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

1. ________ distribution of resources leads to more dependency of countries on each other.
Answer : Unequal.

2. Find out the correct sequence of the following trade conditions

Choose the correct option—
(a) a-3, b-2, c-1
(b) a-2, b-1, c-3
(c) a-1, b-3, c-2
(d) a-3, b-1, c-2
Answer : A

3. Which one of the following statement is not true in context to India?
(a) India maintains good trade relations with all the major countries.
(b) India's balance of trade is unfavourable.
(c) India leads the world in I.T. sector.
(d) India's trade policies are not export friendly.
Answer : D

4. In order to make favourable balance of trade, the government should:
(a) Priorities local products
(b) Impose taxes on local producers
(c) Excel in the areas of production
(d) Impose traded barriers
Answer : B

Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Source A – Railways
Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible for people to conduct multiferous activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of good over long distances. Apart from an important means of transport the India Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in india bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.
Source B – Pipelines
Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India. In the past, these were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now these are used for transporting Crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry. The far inland
locations of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat, and gas based fertilizer plants could be thought of only because of pipelines.
Source C – Communication
India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Excluding urban places more than two-thirds of villages in India have already been covered with Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) telephone facility. In order to strengthen the flow of information from the grassroot to the higher level, the government has made special provisions to extend twenty-four hours STD facilities all over India.

Source A – Railways
1. How the Indian Railways unified the India ?
Answer : Railways make it possible for people to conduct various activities like trade, tourism, pilgrimage and family coordination. Thus, railways not only bind the economic life of the country but also transport massive number of passengers an nicely as goods and objects at a time.

Source B – Pipelines
2. What is pipeline transport network ?
Answer : Pipeline transport network is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, factories and big thermal power plants.

Source C – Communication
3. Write short note on telecom network in India.
Answer : India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia. Excluding urban places more than two-thirds of the villages in India have already been covered with Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) telephone facility.

Question : Why are metalled roads called all weather roads.
Answer :  Metalled roads are made of cement, concrete or even belumen of coal. They do not go out of use in the rainy season. Therefore, they are called all weather roads.

Question : Which port was the first port developed soon after the independence of India?
Answer :  Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after the independence of India.

Question : Where is New Mangalore port located?
Answer :  This port is located is Karnataka.

Question. What is meant by ‘Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna’ ?
Answer : ‘Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna’ provides special provisions to every village in the country and links it to a major town in the country by an all season commutable road.

Question. Which is the oldest artificial port of the country ?
Answer : Chennai is the oldest artificial port of the country.

Question. What is pipeline transport network ?
Answer : Pipeline transport network is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal plants.

Question. What is favourable balance of trade ?
Answer : When the value of exports of a country is more than the value of its imports, then it is called as the favourable balance of trade.

Question. Which factors contribute to India’s socio-economic progress ?
Answer : Railways, waterways, roadways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet have contributed to the socio-economic development of our country.

Question. Which factors influence the distribution pattern of the railway network in the country ?
Answer : Physiographic, economic and administrative factors influence the distribution pattern of the railway network in the country.

Question. To whom does Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provide services ?
Answer : Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides services to Oil and Natural gas Corporation in its off-shore operations, to inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the northeastern states, Jammu-Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

Question. What is the major objective of ‘Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways’ ?
Answer : The major objective of ‘Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways’ is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.

Question. Define State Highways.
Answer : Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways.

Question. How many sea ports are there in India ?
Answer : There are 12 major and 181 medium and minor ports in India.

Question. ‘‘The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Answer : The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times because of following reasons:
(i) As the pace of change has been rapid in modern times, long distance communication has become far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. Personal communication has immensely improved. The Indian Postal Network, handles parcels as well as personal written communications. Cards, mails, book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals are all carried through various means of transport. Mail Channels such as Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel etc. have introduced to facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities.
(ii) The Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) telephone facility has marked as evolution in strengthening telecom networks in India by integrating the development in space technology with communication technology.
(iii) Mass Communication, a means of entertainment as well as a medium of creating awareness covers a wide range including radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, and films. Example
: All India Radio (Akashvani), Doordarshan.

Question. Why waterways are important ?
Answer : India has been one of the sea facing countries. Its importance can be judged based on the following reasons :
(i) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(ii) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(iii) It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
(iv) India’s trade with foreign countries is carried out through the ports located along the coast.
(v) 95% of the country’s trade is moved by sea.

Question. What is the significance of the title ‘Lifelines of National economy’ ?
                                                           OR
Why are the means of transportation and communication known as the lifeline of a nation and its economy ?
Answer : The pace of development of any country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Movement of these goods and service can be over three domains of earth i.e., land, water and air. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development. They connect one part of the country to the other part and help the industries to get the raw materials as well as the finished products. It also develops a nexus among different cultures and religions. Agriculture also depends on transportation. Thus, they are known as the lifeline of an economy.

Question. “The distribution pattern of the railway network in India has been mainly influenced by physiographic and economic factors,” Support the statement with suitable examples.
                                                                                                                    OR
Explain with example the condition responsible for in even distribution pattern of the following network in India.
Answer : The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country is largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors :
(i) The northern plains, with their vast stretch of level land, high density of population and rich agricultural resources, provide favourable conditions for the development of railway network. Construction of bridges over wide river beds sometimes is a hurdle.
(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. However, the entire peninsular region, and Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are mineral belts of India. This encourages the development of railway tracks for transport of minerals to the industries and also commutation of labourers.
(iii) The laying of railway tracks over the Himalayan belt is difficult because of the high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) In sandy plains of Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat and forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand also it is difficult to lay down railway tracks.
(v) The railway tracks can pass only through gaps or passes in the Sahyadri.
(vi) The Konkan railway facilitates transport of passengers and goods in the most important economic region of India.
(Explain any 3 points. Include atleast one physical and one economic factor)

Question. What problems are faced by the railways ?
Answer : Today, the railways have become more important in our national economy than all other means of transport put together. However, railway transport suffers from certain problems as well.
(i) Many passengers travel without tickets.
(ii) Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.
(iii) People stop the trains by pulling chains unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to railways.

Question. Why are transport, trade and communication complementary to each other ?
Answer : (i) For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space.
(ii) With the development of science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.
(iii) Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
(iv) With the help of an advanced communication system, transport has become even faster in the recent time.

Question. Mention the three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
Answer : There are three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
(i) From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur, via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to Haldia, via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
(ii) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect Koyali, Ckakshu and other places.
(iii) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahjahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh.

Question. What is communication ? What are the two major means of communication ?
Answer : Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions through speech, signals, writing, or behaviour.
The two major means of communication are :
(i) Personal communication including letter, e-mail, telephone, etc.
(ii) Mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc.

Question. ‘‘Roadways have an edge over Railways.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Answer : Roadways have an edge over Railways because of following reason:
(i) Road transport operating cost is cheaper than rail transport.
(ii) Road transport is easy to access in hilly areas whereas in rail transport it’s difficult to reach such places.
(iii) Door to door transportation can only be provided by roadways.
(iv) Construction and maintenance cost is less in road transport whereas it’s more in rail transport.
(v) Road transport is better than rail transport to transport goods for short distance.

Question. ‘‘The advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic development.’’ Justify the statement.
Answer : Advancement of international trade of a country is an index of economic development :
(i) As no country is self sufficient in all resources, it cannot survive without international trade.
(ii) If the balance of international trade is favourable, a country will be able to earn more foreign exchange.
(iii) International trade encourages a country to develop secondary and tertiary sectors for exporting good which can fetch more foreign exchange.

Question. Explain any three major problems faced by road transport in India.
Answer : Road transportation in India faces a lot of problems:
(i) The road transport network is inadequate when compared to the volume of traffic and passengers. The roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
(ii) About half of the roads are unmetalled limiting their usage during the rainy season.
(iii) The distribution of road is not uniform in the country. The national highways too are inadequate.

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Lifelines of National Economy