CBSE Class 10 Geography Manufacturing Industries Worksheet Set B

Question. Which out of the following is a mineral based industry?
(a) Sugar
(b) Tea
(c) Cotton
(d) Petrochemicals
Answer : D

Question. Observe the given image and answer the question that follow.

Which is the basic material required for garment manufacturing?
(a) Raw fibre
(b) Fabric
(c) Yarn
(d) Garments
Answer : A

Question. Study the picture and answer the question that follows -

Where is this Sewage Treatment Plant under Yamuna Action Plan situated?
(a) Faridabad
(b) Firozabad
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Nasirabad
Answer : B

Question. Study the picture and answer the question that follows-

Identify the product in this factory.
(a) Cables
(b) sewing machines
(c) cement
(d) computers
Answer : A

Question. Oil India Ltd is a ________ type of industry on the basis of ownership?
(a) Public sector
(b) Private sector
(c) Joint sector Industry
(d) Cooperative sector Industry
Answer : C

Question. Suppose you are working in a Steel Industry, what will be the proportion of Iron Ore, coking coal and limestone you would use to produce steel?
(a) 2:1:4
(b) 4:1:2
(c) 4:2:1
(d) 2:4:1
Answer : C

Question. The first Jute mill was set up in ……………
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Kolkata
(d) Mumbai
Answer : C

ASSERTION AND REASON
Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Options
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true

Question. Assertion (A): Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy.
Reason (R): It contributes significantly to industrial production employment generation directly
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A): Air pollution is caused by the high proportion of presence of undesirable gases
Reason (R: Air pollution does not affect our health, and atmosphere as a whole.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion (A): There is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra.
Reason (R): Raw material is cheaper there.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion (A): Rain water harvesting increases industrial pollution.
Reason (R): Rain water helps industry to meet water requirements.
Answer : D

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : ‘Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other, they move hand in hand.’ Explain the statement with three examples.
Answer : 1. The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
2. They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools to the farmers.
3. Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturalists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

Question : Explain how our industry in the present day world of globalization will be able to compete in the international market.
Answer : 1. Industry needs to be more efficient and competitive.
2. Self-sufficiency alone is not enough. Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market. Only then, will we be able to compete in the international market.

Question : Explain the growth of industry and its contribution to the national economy.
Answer : 1. Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17% of GDP-out of a total of 27% for the industry, which includes 10% for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas.
2. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7% per annum.
3. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate 9-10% per annum.
4. With appropriate policy interventions by the govt. and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.

Question : Where were the industrial units located in the pre-independence period? Give two examples of such centres. Also state what emerged consequently around such centres?
Answer : 1. In the pre-independence period, most manufacturing units were located in places from the point of view of overseas trade.
2. Centres- Mumbai, Kolkata
3. Consequently, there emerged certain pockets of industrially developed urban centres surrounded by a huge agricultural rural hinterland.

Question : Name the four factors that influence the ideal location of a factory.
Answer : 1. Cost of production at site
2. Cost of obtaining raw materials at site
3. Cost of distribution of production
4. Decision to locate factory at site

Question : Classify industries on the basis of the following: (With two points in each)
I) Source of raw material II) According to their main role
Answer : I) Source of raw material:
a. Agro-based: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil etc.
b. Mineral based: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals.
II) According to their main role:
a) Basic or key industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
b) Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers- sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc.

Question : How are industries classified on the basis of the bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods? 
Answer : 1) Heavy industries such as iron and steel.
2) Light industries- industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods such as electrical industries.

Question : Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?
Answer : 1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%).
2) Contributes to employment generation (35 million persons- directly- the second largest after agriculture)
3) Source of foreign exchange earnings. (About 24.6%)
4) It contributes 4% towards GDP.
5) It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question : Give reasons why the cotton textile industry was concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat in the early years.
Answer :  I) Availability of raw cotton II) Market III) Transport including accessible port facilities IV) Labour V) Climate

Question : Name the country that buys Indian yarn. Also name the four other cotton goods importing countries. 
Answer : 1. India exports yarn to Japan.
2. Cotton importing countries- USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka etc.

Question : What is the major drawback for the cotton textile industry in India? State its result.
Answer : 1. The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country.
2. There are some large and modern factories in these segments, but most of the production is in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market. This is mismatch is a major drawback for the industry.
3. Result: - many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to import fabric. 

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : “Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular.” Justify the statement giving four examples.
Answer : 1. Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy.
2. They also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agriculture income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
3. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
4. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings inmuch needed foreign exchange.
5. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question. How do industries pollute water? Suggest any two measures to control water pollution. 
Answer : Most important are the industrial effluents that are discharged into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. Coal, dyes, pesticides, fertilisers, plastic are some common pollutants of water. Industrial wastes containing toxic metals pollute the water. Suggestions to control water pollution:
a. Water should be reused and recycled to maximise its usage.
b. Rainwater should be harvested to meet water requirements.
c. Hot water and effluents should be treated before releasing in river and ponds.
d. Overdrawing of groundwater reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also need to be regulated legally.

Question. Describe the importance of manufacturing.
                                               or
Describe the importance of manufacturing sector in countries like India.
Answer : The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries because:
a. Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture which forms the backbone of our economy.
b. It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector and creates jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
c. It is necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty.
d. It brings down regional disparities.
e. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances prosperity.
f. It brings much needed foreign exchange

Question. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other?
Answer : On the basis of sources of raw material industries are classified as:
(a) Agro Based Industries.
(b) Mineral Based Industries.
These industries are different from each other on following basis:
a. Agro Based Industries:
(1) Draws their raw materials from agricultural products.
(2) e.g.: Textiles-Cotton, jute, silk and woolen, Rubber, sugar, coffee, tea and edible oil etc.
b. Mineral Based Industries:
(1) Draws their raw materials from minerals.
(2) e.g., Iron and steel, cement, machine tools, petrochemicals etc.

Question. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries?
Explain with examples. 
Answer : The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because:
a. Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sector.
b. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
c. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backwards areas.
d. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
e. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Support the statement with arguments.
Answer : Role of manufacturing industries in the economic development:
1. Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of development.
2. All round development depends on industries,
3. Industries help in modernising agriculture,
4. Reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs.
5. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from the country.
6. It aims at bringing down regional disparities.
7. Expansion of manufactured goods.
8. Trade and commerce brings in much needed foreign exchange.
9. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying of its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question. Classify the industries on the basis of ownership and give one example of each category. 
Answer :

Question. “The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement. 
                                                                      ​​​​​​​                                   or
“Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy” Support the statement with appropriate arguments. 
Answer : The textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy, because it contributes:
a. Significantly to industrial production (14 percent).
b. It generates employment (35 million persons directly).
c. Earns foreign exchange (about 24.6 percent).
d. It contributes to a larger amount towards GDP (4 percent).
Only industry in the country which is self- reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question. Explain any five measures to control industrial pollution in India. 
Answer : Five ways to reduce industrial pollution are listed below:
a. Restructuring the manufacturing processes to reduce or eliminate pollutants, through a process called pollution prevention.
b. Creating cooling ponds, which are man¬made and are designed to cool the heated waters from industries by evaporation, condensation and radiation.
c. Filtration of sewage in water treatment plants attached to industries.
d. Instructing industries to be set-up far from residential areas.
e. Backing the constitutional provisions by a number of laws-acts, rules, and notifications.

Question. Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the location of jute industry in West Bengal.
                                   ​​​​​​​                                   ​​​​​​​           or
Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of jute mills along the banks of the Hugh river. 
Answer : Factors for the concentration of jute mills in West Bengal:
a. Proximity of the jute producing areas. 
b. Inexpensive water transport.
c. Abundant water.
d. Cheap and skilled labour.
e. Port facilities.
f. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking and insurance facilities,

Question. “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”. Validate the statement. 
                                   ​​​​​​​                                   or
“Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”. Justify the statement by giving any three arguments.
Answer : After an industrial activity starts, the urbanisation follows.
a. Sometimes industries are located in or near the cities.
b. Cities provide markets for manufactured goods.
c. Cities provide various services like banking and insurance etc.

Question. Describe the various physical and human factors responsible for the location of industries.
Answer : Physical Factors:
a. Availability of raw materials : Ideal location should be near the sources of raw materials.
b. Power resources: Power resources like coal and electricity must be available for the industry.
c. Water and favourable climate.
Human Factors:
a. Cheap and efficient labour,
b. Capital and bank facilities,
c. Good market,
d. Transport facility.

Question. Explain any five factors affecting the location of a industry. 
Answer : The factors affecting the location of an industry: 
a. Availability of raw material.
b. Availability of cheap labour.
c. Availability of capital and bank facilities,
d. Availability of power and other infrastructure.
e. Proximity to markets.
f. Availability of adequate and swift means of transport.

Question. Why is India not able to perform to her full potential in iron and steel production? Explain any three reasons.
Answer : India is an important producer of iron and steel but still it has failed to perform to its potential due to following reasons:
a. Shortage of raw material
b. Lower productivity of labour
c. Shortage of power
d. Poor infrastructure
e. Lower investment in research and
f. Development

Question. What is the manufacturing sector? Why is it considered the backbone of development? Interpret the reason.
Answer : Definition of Manufacturing Sector: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
It is considered as backbone of development because:
a. It not only helps in modernising agriculture but also forms the backbone of our economy.
b. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
c. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
d. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question. Distinguish between large scale and small scale industries. Give two examples each, 
Answer : Large Scale Industries:
a. Manufacture large quantities of finished goods.
b. The quantity of raw material and capital investment is large.
c. Example: Iron and steel industry, cotton textile industry.
Small Scale Industries:
a. Manufacture small goods.
b. No huge quantity of raw material or capital is required.
c. Example: Garment industry, soap making industry.

Question. What is manufacturing sector? Describe four types of manufacturing sector on the basis of ownership. 
Answer : Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
Four types of manufacturing sector on the basis of ownership are:
a. Public sector owned by Govt, agencies. For example, BHEL, SAIL, etc,
b. Private sector owned by individuals or a group of individuals. For example, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur Industries, etc.
c. Joint sector jointly owned by the state and individuals. For example, Oil India Ltd, etc.
d. Cooperative sector is owned by and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. For example Amul, Mother Dairy, OMFED, sugar industry and coir industry, etc.

Question. Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources.
Answer : The pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment:
a. Optimum utilisation of equipment, adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
b. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
c. Green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
d. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
e. Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

Question. How does industry pollute the environment? Explain with three examples. 
Answer : Industries are responsible for three types of pollution i.e.
a. Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories.
b. Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into the water bodies.
c. Noise pollution is due to industrial and construction activities. Machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills cause hearing problems and irritation.

Question. “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.” Explain with four examples. 
Answer : a. Agro industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
b. Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials.
c. Industries sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, etc., to the farmers.
d. Industries have made the production processes of agriculture very efficient.

Question. What are software technology parks? State any two points of significance of information technology industry in India.
Answer : Software Technology Park: Software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts.
Significance of IT industry:
a. A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. Upto 31 March, 2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons.
b. It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women.
c. This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
d. The continuous growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India.

Question. Suggest any three steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
                                   ​​​​​​​                                   or
Explain any three steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industries.
Answer : Three steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by industrial development in India are:
Every litre of waste water discharged by our industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.
1. Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirement.
3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
4. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
5. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
6. Machinery and equipments can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
7. Almost all machineries can be redesigned 
8. to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.