CBSE Class 10 Geography Lifelines of National Economy Worksheet Set B

MCQ

Question. Which of the following extreme location are connected by the North-East corridor?
A) Mumbai and Nagpur
B) Silchar and Porbandar
C) Mumbai and Kolkatta
D) Nagpur and Siliguri
Answer. B

Question. Which mode of transport reduces post shipments losses and delay?
A) Railways
B) Roadways
C) Waterways
D) Pipelines
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following state is not connected to H.V.J Pipelines?
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Maharastra
C) Gujarat
D) Goa
Answer. B

Question. Which one of the following ports is the deepest land locked and well protected port along the east coast?
A) Chennai
B) Vishakhapatnam
C) Tuticorin
D) Paradwip
Answer. B

Question. Which of the following port is the oldest port of the eastern coast of india
A) Kolkatta
B) Kandla
C) Chennai
D) Mumbai
Answer. C

Question. Countries like Nepal and Bhutan are called?
A) Land locked countries
B) Coastal countries
C) Gulf countries
D) None of these
Answer. A

Question. Which one of the following port is a tidal port?
A) Mumbai
B) Kandla
C) New Manglore
D) Vishakhapatnam
Answer. B

Question. What location are connected by the North -South corridor?
A) Delhi and Kanya-Kumari
B) Delhi and Mumbai
C) Jabalpur and Madhurai
D) Srinagar and Kanyakumari
Answer. D

Question. Which organisation construct main road in border area?
A) NHAI.
B) BRO
C) BFS
D) None of these
Answer. B

Question. Which one of the following port was developed to relieve the pressure on kolkatta port
A) Halidia
B) Vishkapatnam
C) Paradwip
D) Kandla
Answer. A

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Why is tourism considered as a trade?
Answer: (i) Foreign tourist’s arrival in the country contributing to foreign exchange.
(ii) Many people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
(iii) Tourism provides support to local handicrafts.
(iv) Tourists visit India for medical tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism,cultural tourismand business tourism
(v) Any other relevant point.
(Any two points)

Question. Why is there the need for transport system ? Mention any one reason.
Answer: The movement of goods and products from the supply locations to demand locations (markets) necessitates the need for transport.

Question. Which are the different types of transport ?
Answer: The transport can be classified into land, water and, air transport.

Question. Mention two types of airways.
Answer: Domestic Airways and International Airways.

Question. What is road density?
Answer: The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known as density of roads.

Question. When and where the first train steamed off in India?
Answer: In India, the first train steamed off from Mumbai to Thane in 1853, covering a distance of 34 km.

Question. The northern plains provide favourable conditions for the growth of the railways. Mention any two.
Answer:
Vast level land.
High population density.

Question. Why railway track are laid with difficulty in Rajasthan?
Answer: It is difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of Rajasthan.

Question. What is the use of pipelines transport?
Answer: Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.

Question. Which port was the first port developed after independence and why?
Answer: Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed after independence to ease the volume of trade on Mumbai port in the wake of loss of Karachi port of Pakistan after the Partition.

Question. In which states special provisions have been made to provide air services to the common people?
Answer: It is only in the north-eastern states that special provisions are made to extend the air services to the common people.

Question. Explain with examples the conditions responsible for uneven distribution pattern of the railway network in India.
Answer : The distribution pattern of the Railway network: a. The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for their growth. b. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. c. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. d. It was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand. e. The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could foe crossed only through gaps or passes (Ghats). f. The development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods.

Question. Highlight any five features of Hazira- Vijaipur- Jagdishpur gas pipeline.
Answer : a. This pipeline is about 1700 km. long. b. Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassien with the fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India. c. This artery has provided an impetus to India’s gas production. d. The power and fertilizer industries are the key users of natural gas. e. Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.

Question. Why is air travel more popular in the North Eastern states of India? Explain.
Answer : Air Transport is considered as an important means of transport in the North-Eastern part of our country because: a. Big rivers: Presence of big rivers like Brahmaputra make it difficult to construct roads and railways. Airways are suitable when rivers get flooded. b. Dissected relief: Uneven surface-not suitable for the construction of roadways and railways which can be a costly affair. Can be easily travelled by airways. c. Dense forests: Dense forests hamper the construction of roadways and railways. d. International Frontiers: International borders of Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, etc. can be easily travelled by airways without much hassles.

Question. What is trade? Explain the importance of international trade.
Answer : Trade between two countries is called International Trade. Importance: a. International trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity. b. It is considered the economic barometer for a country. c. As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. d. Countries have trade relations with the major trading blocks. e. Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.

Question. Define the term ‘Tourism’. Why is tourism known as a trade? Explain.
Answer : Tourism:“The cultural, recreational and commercial visit to internal places is known as Tourism.” Tourism is know as trade because a. Foreign tourists arrival in the country contributing 21,828 crore of foreign exchange. b. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. c. Tourism provides support to local handicrafts. d. Foreign tourists visit India for medical tourism and business tourism. e. Helps in the growth of national income and integrity.

Question. Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of roadways with those of railways.
Answer : Roadways v/s Railways: 1. Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines and construction time is also comparatively less. 2. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography which is a limitation in case of railways. 3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains like the Himalayas, whereas the mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities Likewise, it is difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy plains in the deserts, swampy or forested tracks. 4. Road transport is economical in trans¬portation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short dis¬tances, whereas railways are suitable for transportation of large number of people and goods in bulk, especially over long distances. 5. Roadways provide door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower but railways have not reached ‘ everywhere, still there are places which are yet to be connected with the railways, 6. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and seaports. On the other hand, railways work as a lifeline for the economic growth of a country as they carry raw materials and produced goods from one part of the nation to another on a large scale.

Question. Classify communication services into two categories. Explain main features of each.
Answer : Classification of communication services in two categories: (a) Personal communication (b) Mass Communication. Features: 1. Personal communication: (a) Communication between two or more persons at personal level. (b) The Indian postal network handles parcels as well as personal written communication. (c) Cards, letters by posts and email. (d) Telephone services like STD, ISD provide easy and comfortable network to a large number of people. 2. Mass communication: (a) It is the communication through which one can communicate with several people at the same time. (b) It provides the entertainment and creates awareness among people about various National programmes and policies. (c) It includes print media like newspapers, magazines, book etc. and electronic media like Radio, Television etc.

Question. Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that have influenced the distribution pattern of the railway network in our country. 
Answer : Rail transport is the most convenient mode of transportation. Though the railway network is not evenly distributed across the country. The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors. Physiographic Factors: 1. The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provide the most favourable condition for their growth of railway networks. 2. The uneven terrain like hills, mountains, rivers with wide beds have posed severe obstacle in the infrastructural development of railways like laying tracks, construction of bridges and so on. 3. In the hilly terrain of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. 4. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. 5. (a) It is equally difficult on the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand. Economic Factors: a. There are several economic factors that affect the distribution of railways e.g. state funding plays a vital role in the development of railways across the nations. b. The state with flexible laws supports the growth of railways. c. Along with this the places that are highly industrialised attract the development of railways. Since the growth of both is complimentary to each other e.g. recently railways network is enhancing along the industrial corridors.

Question. ‘Road transport and Rail transport in India are not competitive but complementary to each other.” Justify the statement.
Answer : Road Transport and Rail Transport: The statement ‘Road Transport’ and ‘Rail Transport’ in India are not competitive but complementary to each other are justified in the following ways: 1. Road transport is more suitable for short distances whereas rail transport is more suitable for long distances.
2. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, whereas rail transport is more suitable for large number of people and heavy goods.
3. It is beneficial for perishable goods to be carried by roads in short period of time, whereas nonperishable and bulky goods are transported by railways for a longer distances.
4. Road transport increases the efficiency of railways.
5. Road transport links the rural areas with railway stations.
6. The deficiency of railways is compensated by road transport.

Question. Elaborate any two important networks of pipeline transportation in India along with their branches.
Answer : Commodities transported by pipelines: Crude oil, petroleum products, natural gas and even solids in the form of slurry. Network: a. From upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to Haldia via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri. b. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect Koyali (near Vadodara, Gujarat) Chakshu and other places. c. From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, Gas pipeline via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahjahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh.

Question. ‘Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its prosperity.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
or “No country can survive without international trade in the present global world.” Explain the statement.
Answer : a. No country in the world is self-sufficient in all its needs. Goods produced by one country are required by the other country and vice-versa. Hence, differences in resources, needs and development among nations creates conditions for international trade between them. b. It helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of deficit countries through foreign trade. c. Foreign trade has helped India to improve its productivity of manufactured goods. d. International trade contributed to India’s economic growth, raising income levels of people thus, increasing the foreign exchange reserves. e. International trade helps India to import advanced technology of other countries to improve its own production. f. Thus, prosperity of a country depends on the advancement of the international trade and hence, it is called the ’economic barometer’ of a nation.

Question. “Indian Railways binds the economic life of the country as well as accelerates the development of industry and agriculture.” Justify the statement.
Answer : Railways are the most important mode of transport in India due to the following reasons:
a. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India, as they link different parts of the country.
b. They carry huge loads and bulky goods to long distances.
c. Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with goods transportation over longer distances.
d. Railways have been a great integrating force for the nation, for more than 150 years now.
e. They have been helpful in binding the economic life of the country and cultural fusion.
f. They have accelerated the development of the industry and agriculture. (Any five)

Question. Describe any five major problems faced by road transport in India.
Answer : Five problems faced by road transport in India are given below:
a. Volume of traffic and passengers is very large.
b. Road network is inadequate.
c. Half the roads are unmetalled, which limits their usage in rainy seasons.
d. National highways too are inadequate.
e. Roadways are highly congested in cities and most bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

Question. Transport and trade are complementary to each other.” Justify in three points.
Answer : Transport and communication for local, national and global trade:
a. Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
b. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.
c. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
d. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality.
e. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet have been contributing to its socioeconomic progress in many ways.
f. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy.
g. It has enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

Question. What is mass communication? What are the different means of mass communication? What is the significance of mass communication in a country like India?
Answer : Mass communication: Means (like electronic media) which covers large number of people at the same time. Different means of communication are radio, television, films and internet, newspapers and magazines.
Significance of mass communication are:
a. Covers more than 95% of India’s total population.
b. Source of education and entertainment.
c. Most instant means of mass information.
d. Brings all classes of people together.

Question. Explain with examples the changing nature of international trade of India in the last fifteen years.
or Write a note on the changing nature of International trade in India in the last fifteen years.
Answer : There has been a change in the nature of our international trade:
a. Since 2004-2005, the share of agriculture and allied products, ores and minerals, chemical engineering goods has been increasing.
b. Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
c. India has emerged as a software giant at international level,
d. India is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
e. Imports: Commodities imports include petroleum and petroleum products 41.87% and Coal, Coke 14.17%.

Question. Classify roads into six classes according to their capacity. What is the role of National Highway Authority of India?
Answer : Roads are classified as given below:
a. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways reduced the time and distance between the mega cities of India.
b. National Highways connect the state capitals, big cities and important ports.
c. State Highways join the state capitals with district headquarters.
d. District Roads connect the district centres with the major roads.
e. Other Rural Roads which link rural areas and villages with towns.
f. Border Roads have increased accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
g. Projects related to Super Highways are being implemented by the NHAI.

Question. What is the significance of‘Border Roads’? explain. 
Answer : a. Border Road Organization was established in 1960. b. This organization develops the roads of strategic importance in the North and the East border areas. c. These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain. d. These roads have enabled the economy to develop in the border areas.

Question. Describe any two merits of railways and any two problems being faced by the railways.
Answer : The railways are the main artery of inland transport in India:
a. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers.
b. Railways are useful in conducting business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over long distances.
c. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture. The following problems are being faced by the railways:
1. Poor service offered by railways.
2. Thefts and damaging railway property.
3. Pressure of population puts enormous strain on existing infrastructure.

Question. Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India.” Explain.
Answer :a. Previously, these were used to transport water to cities and industries.
b. Presently these are used to transport crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas.
c. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but running costs are minimal.
d. It rules out delay and losses. Some networks are from oilfield in upper Assam to Kanpur.

Question. Name the longest National Waterway of India. Write any three points of importance of waterways.
Answer : The longest National Waterway of India is the Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia.
Importance of waterways:
a. It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
b. It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly.
c. More than 95% of the country’s trade volume is moved by the sea.
d. It is the cheapest means of transport.
e. They are the natural routes which do not involve cost of construction. (Any four)

Question. Explain any five characteristics of Kandla Seaport.
Answer : Characteristics of Kandla seaport:
a. First port developed soon after India got independence.
b. Reduced the volume of traffic on Mumbai port.
c. Tidal port.
d. Caters to exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrialised states.
e. Free trade zone.

Question. Explain any five merits of Air transport.
Answer : Merits of Air Transport are:
a. It is the most comfortable mode of transport.
b. It is the fastest mode.
c. It is the prestigious mode of transport.
d. It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountain and dreary deserts.
e. Dense forests and oceans are not problems for air transport. It covers them with great ease.

Question. Efficient means of transport are pre requisites for fast development of the country. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
(i) For carrying passengers and things from one place to another.
(ii) Raw material can reach factories faster.
(iii) The movement of thefinished goods from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
(iv) Mobility of labour force alsoincreases.
(v) Some people are engaged in facilitating the movements are known as traders who make theproducts come to the consumers bytransportation.
(vi) Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient &fastmovingtransport.

Question. Distribution of roads is not uniform in India. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
i. Density of roads uneven in all states.
ii. Kerala has high road density whereas Jammu Kashmir has very low density of roads.
iii. About half of the totalroads are unmetalled.
iv. Road network is not inadequate in India.
v. National Highways are inadequate.

Question. Advancement of international Trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity.
Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
i. It is considered as the economic barometer of a country.
ii. Export and import are the components of a trade.
iii. When the value ofexport exceeds than value of import it is called favourable balance of trade.
iv. International trade helps in earning foreign exchange.
v. India has trade relations with all major trading blocks of the world.

Question. The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
i. It handles parcels as well as personal written communications.
ii. First class mails are air lifted between stations covering both Land andair.
iii. Second class mail are carried by surface mail by land and water transport.
iv. For quick delivery of mails, six channels areintroduced.

Question. the pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern Times. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
Long distance communication is far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver.
i. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major means ofcommunication in the country.
ii. The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personalwritten communications.
iii. Cards and envelopes are considered first-class mail and are airlifted between stations coveringbothland and air. The second-class mail includes book packets, are carried by surface mail,covering land and water transport.
iv. Tofacilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced.
They are called RajdhaniChannel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.
v. India has one of thelargest telecom networks in Asia.
vi. Villages in India have already been covered with Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD)telephone facility.

Question. Roadways heave an edge over railways. Support the statement with examples
Answer:
i. Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
ii. Roads can traversecomparatively more dissected and undulatingtopography.
iii. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as theHimalayas.
iv. Road transportis economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
v. It also provides door-to-doorservice; thus, the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
vi. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such asthey provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports.

Question. Rail transport suffers from certain problems in India. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
i. Many passengers travel without tickets.
ii. Theft and damaging of Railway property.
iii. Unnecessary chain pulling.
iv. Late runningof trains.

Question. International trade it is called the economic barometer for a country. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
i. Advancement of International Trade is considered index of economic prosperity.
ii. Value of Export exceeds of a nation raise itseconomy.
iii. Value of import exceeds of nation create downfall in economy.
iv. Large Foreign exchange can be collected by export ofnation.

Question. railways in India by the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development ofthe industry and agriculture. Supportthe statement with examples.
Answer:
i. Railways are the principal mode of transport in India.
ii. Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, transportation of goods.
iii. Railways have huge network in India that influence Indian Economy.
iv. Railways carry out businesses and various multifarious activities such as pilgrimage tourism, travel,commuting etc.
v. Help in the transportation of raw materials from the source to the industries, and themanufactured goods tothe market.
vi. Help in the linking of the industries with the market and develop them.

Question. Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? Explain.
Answer:
(a) the transportation system joins the various regions in the country, from developed to the underdeveloped, from rural to urban,helping in the migration processes.
(b) it helps in speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of the country
(c) it helps the traders to send their goods to different parts of the country, thereby, fulfilling the needs of the people. Thus,people living in mountainous areas etc. also have an access to goods and services, leading to development of these areas.

Question. Describe any three features of waterways in India.
Answer:
1) India has been one of the seafaring countries.
2) Sea men sailed far and near; carrying and spreading Indian commerce and culture.
3) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
4) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distance.
5) It is fuel efficient, environment friendly mode of transport.
6) 95% of the country’s trade volume is moved by sea.

Question. Examine with example the role of means of transport and communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable.
Answer:
i. Efficient means of transport are pre requisites for fast development.
ii. Today the world has been converted into a large village with the help ofefficient and fast-moving transport.
iii. Today, India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its large size.
iv. Railways, Airways, Waterways, Newspapers, Radio, Television, Cinema and Internet etchave been contributing to the socio-economic progress in many ways.
v. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy.
vi. It has enriched our lives and added substantially to growth and comfort.

Question. “Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite for local and national development.” Analyse the statement.
Answer:
(i) The movement of the goods and services from their supplylocations to demand locations necessitates the need for transportation.
(ii) Development of country depends upon the production of goods and services as well asmovement to their destinations.
(iii) Transport helps in both production and distribution of goods.
(iv) Supports all sectors of the economy.

Question. Explain any three major problems faced by road transport in India.
Answer:
i. The road network is inadequate.
ii. About half of the roads are unmetalled.
iii. This limits their usage during the rainy season.
iv. The roadways are highly congested incities.
v. Most of the bridges adculverts are old andnarrow.
vi. Most of the roads are not fit for smooth running.

Question. What does necessitate the need for transport?

The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.

Question. Why is the efficient means of transport pre-requisites for fast development?

The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are prerequisites for fast development.

Question. How is transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other?
1. With the development in Science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.
2. Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
3. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.

Question. Name the factors that are contributing to India’s Socio-economic progress.
Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and Internet, etc. have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.

Question. Give reasons for the growing importance of roadways vis-a vis rail transport in India?
The growing importance of road transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rooted in the following reasons: (Any 5 points)
1. Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
2. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
4. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.
5. It also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
6. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transports such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and seaports.

Question. What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? State its major objective? Who maintain and implement these highways.
1. The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi- Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways. 
2. The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West Corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are part of this project.
3. The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India. 
4. The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) implements and maintain these highways.

Question. Explain any two characteristics of National Highways. Name the two cities linked by the National Highway No.1.
1. National Highways link extreme parts of the country.
2. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD).
3 The historical Sherhah Suri Marg is called National Highway No.1, linking Delhi and Amritsar.

Question. What are State Highways? Who maintains these roads?
1. Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways.
2. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in State and Union Territories.

Question. What are District Roads? Who maintains these roads?
1. These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.
2. The Zila Parishad maintains these roads.

Question. What are Rural roads? What special impetus these roads have received?
1. These roads link rural areas and villages with towns.
2. These roads have received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
3. Under this scheme special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.

Question. Describe the Boarder Roads of India.
1. Border Roads Organisation a Government of India undertaking constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country.
2 This organisation was established in 1960 for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.
3 These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas.

Question. How are Indian roads classified?
According to capacity- roads are classified –Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways, National Highways, State Highways, State Highways, District, other Roads-rural roads and
Border roads. According to the type of material used for their construction-Metalled and Unmetalled.

Question. Differentiate between Metalled and Unmetalled Roads.
Metalled roads: i)Metalled roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal,
ii) They are all weather roads.
Unmetalled roads: i) They are made up of mud, wood etc.
ii) These roads go out of use in the rainy season.

Question. What is the density of road? What is the road density in India.
The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known as density of roads. Distribution of road is not uniform in the country. Density of all roads varies from only 10 km in Jammu & Kashmir to 375 km in Kerala with the national average of 75 km (1996-97).

Question. What are the problems faced by the Road Transportation in India?
1. Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate.
2. About half of the roads are unmetaled and this limits heir usage during the rainy season.
3. The National Highways are inadequate too.
4. Moreover, the roadways are highly congested in cities.
5. Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

Question. Give the importance of Railways in India.
1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
2. Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.
3. Apart from an important means of transport he Indian Railways has been a great
integrating force for more than 150 years.
4. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country.
5. Railways accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.

Question. Explain how physiographic factors influence the network of Indian railways. 
A) Physiographic factors:
1. a)Northern plains: Northern plains are vast level land. It provides the most favourable conditions to lay down railway tracks.
2. b)Peninsular region: In the hilly terrains of the Peninsular region railways tracks are laid through low hill gaps, which increased the cost of construction of railways tracks.
3. c)High relief and sparse population The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief and sparse population.
4. d) Desert region: The desert region of western Rajasthan does not allow to develop railway lines in the region.
5. e) Other areas and difficulty in construction of railways: The swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhasttisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand are also not suited to construct railway lines.

OR

a) Why is Northern Plain has well-developed Railway network?
The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles.

b) Why is Himalayan Regions unfavourable for the construction of Railways?
Due to unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
18 Explain how economic and administrative factors influence the network of Indian railways.
B) Economic and Administrative factors:
1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers.
2. Northern plains have high density of population and rich agricultural resources.
3. Plateau region of Chhotanagpur is rich in mineral resources. As a result railway tracks are spread over the region.
4. Industrial regions of the country directly linked with railway lines.
5. Administrative factors: Due to the vastness of the country the railway has been divided in 16 different railway zones. This help managing the railways.

Question. What is the importance of Konkan Railway in South India? What are the problems faced by the network?
1. In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India.
2. It has also faced a number of problems such as sinking of track in some stretches and land slides. 

Question. What are the problems of Indian Railways?
1. Many passengers travel without tickets.
2. Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.
3. People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.

Question. What is the role-played by Pipelines in the development of the country?
1. Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India. In the past, these were used to transport water to cities and industries.
2. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.
3. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
4. The far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer plants could be thought of only because of pipelines. 

Question. Give any two positive points of pipeline transportation. Explain the three important networks of pipelines transportation in the country.
Positive aspects:
1. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.
2. It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.

Important network of pipelines:
1. From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to 85 important economic regions of India. It has also Haldia, via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
2. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect Koyali near Vadodara, Gujarat) Chakshu and other places.
3. • Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh.

Question. Give any three advantages of waterways.
1. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
2. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
3. It is a fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport

Question. Name the three waterways declared as National Highways by the Government.
1. The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)- N.W. No.1.
2. The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)-N.W. No.2.
3. The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapurma-Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals-205 km) – N.W. No.3.

Question. State the significance of sea ports to development of trade in India
India’s trade with foreign countries is carried from the ports located along the coast. That constitutes 95 per cent of the country’s trade volume.

Question. Describe the importance of Kandla Port
1. Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after Independence to ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port, in the wake of loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the Partition.
2. Kandla is a tidal port.
3. It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Question. Why was Haldia port developed?

Question. Give the importance of Tuticorin Sea Port.
1. Moving along the east coast, the extreme south-eastern part lies the port Tuticorin, in Tamil Nadu.
2. This port has a natural harbour and rich hinterland.
3. Thus, it has a flourishing trade handling of a large variety of cargoes to even our neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives, etc. and the coastal regions of India.

Question. Give reason why Kolkata port requires constant dredging of Hoogly River?
Being a tidal port, it requires constant dredging of Hoogly. (As the river bed gets filled with the sediments)

Question. Explain the significance of airways. Why is air travel preferred in the North –east states of India?
Significance of airways: 
1. The air travel, today, is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
2. It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease.
3. Air travel has made access easier to the north-eastern part of the country, marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected relief, dense forests and frequent floods
and international frontiers, etc.
Air travel in the North-east: 
Air travel has made access easier to the north-eastern part of the country, marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected relief, dense forests and frequent floods and international frontiers, etc.

Question. Explain the role played by Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd in the transport Services.
Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off- shore operations, to inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the north-eastern states and the interior parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal.

Question. Explain the changes that took place in the means of communication.
1. Long distance communication is far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver.
2. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press; films, etc. are the major means of communication in the country.

Question. Explain the role-played the Indian Postal network in the communication fields. Also explain the two types of mails that Indian postal network handles. What has been done to facilitate quick delivery of mails?
1. The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communications.
2. First Class Mail: a) Cards and envelopes are considered first–class mail. b) They are airlifted between stations covering both land and air.
3. Second Class Mail: a) It includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. b) They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport.
4. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.

Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 10 Geography Lifelines of National Economy Worksheet Set B