CBSE Class 10 Geography Lifelines of National Economy Worksheet Set A

CHAPTER: 7 – LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

SUMMARY:

• Importance of roads :Low construction and maintenance cost → Suitable to all areas→ Economical in the transportation of few goods and persons→ Provides door-to -door service→ Reduces transportation cost→ Works as a linking force to other means of transportation→ Very suitable to short and medium distances→ For perishable goods road provide better service

• Problems of road transportation in India : Road network is inadequate → Poor condition of Indian roads→ Damaged and unmetalled roads Roads are highly congested in cities→ Lack of related services like ambulances and telephone services

• Importance of Railway: 1) Railway carry most of the long distance passengers→80% of total goods are transported through Railway 2) Many industries are depending on railway for transportation of raw-materials and finished goods 3) Provides employment to more than million people →Provide Mail service 4) integrating the country by bringing different people and regions together 5) Supports economic development

•Mumbai- largest seaport with a spacious and well sheltered harbor

• Kandla -first port developed after independence→handling export and import of industrial goods and food

• New Mangalore- handling mainly export of iron and steel industry(karnataka)

• Kochi- extreme south west port with a natural harbor (kerala)

• Marmagao- it is the premier iron ore exporting port (Goa)

• Tuticorin- natural port with rich hinterland at the south east, handling export to our neighboring countries

• Chennai-old & second largest port of India and (Tamil Nadu)

• Vishakapattinam-deepest landlocked and well protected port of India (Andra Pradesh)

• Paradip- specialized in iron ore export(Orissa)

• Kolkata-riverine port with a large and rich hinterland (West Bengal)

• Haldia-a subsidiary port of kolkatta (West Bengal)

Life Line of National Economy

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

Question. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India?
Answer : Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India to transport liquids as well as solids in slurry form.

Question. What is the major objective to develop Super Highways?
Answer : The major objective of developing Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega -cities of India.

Question. Why was Jawaharlal Nehru port developed?
Answer : To decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub port of the region.

Question. Why was the Haldia seaport set-up?
Answer : Haldia seaport was set-up as a subsidiary port to relieve growing pressure on Kolkata port.

Question. What are known as lifelines of the national economy?
Answer : Means of transport and communication.

Question. What are the two major means of land transport?
Answer : (1) Roadways, (2) Railways.

Question. Which term is used to describe trade between two or more countries?
Answer : International trade.

Question. What does favourable balance of trade refer to?
Answer : When the value of exports exceeds the value of imports, we call it Favourable Balance of Trade.

Question. Write the name of major three types of railway?
Answer : Broad guage(1.676Mts), Metre guage(1 mts), Narrow guage(0.75mts)

Question. Write the name of two types of mass media?
Answer : Print Media:- Newspaper, Magzine and books.
Electronic Media:- TV, Redio, Internet etc.

Question. What are the problem product in India?
Answer : Petroleum product mostly imported as crude oil from gulf country.85% of petroleum products imported in India

Question. Six Lane Highways are called
Answer : Golden quadrilateral super highways

Question. Golden quadrilateral super highways are maintained by
Answer : National Highway Authority of India.

Question. Villages are connected to a major town through this scheme of roads
Answer : PMGSY

Question. Border Roads are constructed by
Answer : BRO

Question. What is the proportion of Tamil in Srilanka’s total population.
Answer : 18 %

Question. Who elects the community Government in Belgium?
Answer : People belonging to 1 language community only.

Question. The word “Ethnic” Signifies.
Answer : Social Division on shared culture

Question. How many people speak French and Dutch in the capital city of Brussels?
Answer : 80 % French 20 % Dutch

Question. How many times leaders of Belgium amended their constitution?
Answer : Four times.

Question. Which is correct regarding power sharing?
Answer : It helps to reduce the conflict between different groups.

Question. Which was the only official language of Sri Lanka?
Answer : Sinhala (Shinghali).

Question. Which community was rich and powerful in Belgium?
Answer : French

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. What was a community government?
Answer : It was elected by the people belonging to language community – Dutch French and German speaking no metter where they live. It deals with cultural, educational and language related issues.

Question. What was the political problems faced by Belgium?
Answer : Problems of ethnic composition
1. 50% Dutch speaking, 40% French speaking, 1% German speaking
2. But in its capital- 80% French speaking, 20% Dutch speaking
3. French community was rich and powerful

Question. Explain the ethnic problem of Srilanka.
Answer :
1. In Srilanka, there are two communities' Sinhala and Tamil.
2) Among Tamils, the Tamil natives who are called Srilankan Tamils and the Indian Tamils whose forefathers come from India as plantation workers during the colonial period.
3) Most of the Sinhalas are Buddhist and Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. So in Srilanka the problem was who is going to hold power and enjoy the economic benefits.

Question. Elaborate any three advantages of railways in India.
Answer : Advantages of railways in India are as follows: a. It is both convenient and safer to travel long distances by railways. b. They give employment to a large number of people. c. Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.

Question. What are the advantages of roadways over railways?
Answer : Advantages of road ways over railways are: Construction cost of roads is much lower than railway lines. Roads can be constructed easily in hilly terrains and undulating topography. Roadways act as a feeder to other modes of transport, as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.

Question. Which are three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
Answer : a) From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh), via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad.
b) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat.
c) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh.

Question. What are the problems faced by roads in India?
Answer : a) Inadequate road network to meet the needs of the people. b). About half of the roads are unmettaled and this limits their usage during rainy seasons. c) The national highways are inadequate too. d) Moreover the roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow

Question. Why international trade is important in Indian economy?
Answer : International trade leads to higher output, increased consumption and higher rewards for those sectors where a country has comparative advantage. International trade helps to attract foreign investment to exploit a country's comparative advantage.
This can also result into investment in other sectors of the economy.

Question. What are the means of mass communication? Explain features of any two media.
Answer : These are those means of communication through which one can communicate with several people at the same time.
For example- Radio, newspaper and T.V.(Television):- a) It is one of the largest and essential networks in the world.
b) It provides entertainment and keeps the viewers well informed about the world.
Radio:- It is the cheapest and the most effective means of communication.
c) Besides entertainment, it also provides information and promotes social education

Question. Describe 3 major super highways project in India? Explain
Answer : a) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: It links Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai, Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways.
b) The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu Kashmir)to Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu).
c) East-West Corridor linking Silcher, Assam and Porbandar Gujarat.

Question. Which of the following factors attract tourists to India?
Answer : a) Natural beauty
b) Attractive landscapes
c) Cultural diversity Natural beauty, landscapes, and India's cultural diversity are some tourist attractions of India.

Question. Mention any three features of Kandla Port.
Answer : a) Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after independence to ease the volume of trade on Mumbai port, in the wake loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the partition.
b) It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports of highly productive granary and industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
c) This port is situated on the western side of India

Question. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same.
Answer : Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry. Merits: a. Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry from far away locations. b. Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal. c. It rules out transshipment losses or delays. Demerits: a. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high. b. Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water, mineral oil, etc.

Question. How do modern means of transport serve as lifelines of our nation? Explain.
or “Efficient means of transport are pre¬requisites for the fast development.” Express your views in favour of this statement. 
or Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? Explain.
Answer :  Transport and communication are the basic arteries of a nation’s economy because: a. Economic development of a region or a country very largely depends upon the dense network of transport and communication. b. They link areas of production with consumption, agriculture with industry and village with towns and cities. c. They help the industry by providing raw materials and distribution of finished goods. d. They help in the development of all the three sectors: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. e. They help in the balanced regional development.

Question. What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? Mention any two objectives of this project. The North- South and East- West corridors join which terminal cities.
Answer : a. The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is a major road development project linking Delhi- Kolkata-Chennai -Mumbai and Delhi by six lane super highways. b. The two major objectives of these Super Highways projects are to (a) reduce the time and (b) distance between the mega cities of India. c. The North-South Corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) and East- West Corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat).

Question. Describe three major problems faced by the road transport in India.
Answer : Road transportation in India faces the following problems: a. Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate. b. About half of the roads are unmetalled and this limits their usage during the rainy season. c. The National Highways are inadequate. d. The roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

Question. Explain the importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.
Answer : The importance of railways as the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India is: a. Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sight seeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods. b. It is suitable for long distance travel. c. Plays an important role in national integration. d. Railways bind the economic life of the country. e. It accelerates the development of the industry and agriculture. f. Today the railways have become more important than all other means of transport put together.

Question. Describe the rural roads in India.
Answer : a. Rural roads link rural areas and villages with towns. b. These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna. c. Special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all-season motorable road.

Question. Describe any three features of waterways in India.
Answer : Features of waterways in India are: a. India has been one of the seafaring countries. b. Sea men sailed far and near; carrying and spreading Indian commerce and culture. c. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. d. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distance. e. It is fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport. f. 9.5% of the country’s trade volume is moved by sea.

Question. Describe any three factors that accord prominence to airways as a mode of transportation.
Answer : Following are the factors that accord airways prominence as a mode of transportation: a. They are the fastest mode of transportation. b. They are the best means of transport for remote, inaccessible and hostile areas. c. Airways play a vital role in the event of natural and human-made calamities like floods, famines, earthquake, epidemics and war by virtue of their swiftness.

Question. Describe the significance of tourism as a trade in India.
Answer : Significance of tourism as a trade in India: 1. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. 2. Foreign tourist’s arrival has witnessed an increase, thus contributing to foreign exchange. 3. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. 4. It provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. 5. Tourism also promotes national integration. 6. It helps in development of international understanding about our culture and heritage. 7. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical and business tourism.

Question. Explain the ways in which tourism promotes the related industries and services of the destinationcountry.
Answer : The industries cheek in jowl with tourism is handicraft industry, sculpture, sea-shell, regional handloom among others. Indian handicraft and handloom in particular, hold special attraction for the Western tourists. Hospitality in services sector is benefitted immensely by tourism. Also, the transportation services reap the benefits of tourism. Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. For example, tourism contributed 14,000 crore rupees to the India exchequer in year 2000 and generated employment for 15 million people directly engaged in the tourism industry.

Question. Why is a dense and efficient network of transport and communication a prerequisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today? Give your opinion.
Answer : Dense and efficient network of transport and communication. a. We use different material and services in our daily ‘life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Movement of these goods and services can be over three domains of earth. b. Today, the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. c. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system. d. Therefore transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other. e. Today India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity, linguistic and cultural plurality.

Question. What is the importance of transport? Mention the various means of transport available in India.
Answer : Means of transport: a. Roadways b. Railways c. Pipelines d. Waterways e. Airways. Importance of Transport: a. Connects the people b. Sense of belonging in the people living at remote places. c. Helpful for business activities. d. Helpful in the period of crisis.

Question. Why is air travel preferred in the north¬eastern states of India? Explain.
Answer : a. Big rivers: Presence of big rivers like Brahmaputra make it difficult to construct roads and railways. Airways are suitable when rivers get flooded. b. Dissected relief: Uneven surface—not suitable for the construction of roadways and railways which can be a costly affair. Can be easily travelled by airways. c. Dense forests: Dense forests hamper the construction of roadways and railways. International Frontiers: International borders of’ Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, etc. can be easily travelled by airways without much hassles.

Question. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled roads? What is the role of border roads and national highways in transportation?
Answer : Metalled roads are made of either cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal. Therefore, these are durable over unmetalled road. Unmetalled roads go out of use in rainy season. Border roads plays an important role in connecting strategically important difficult areas and helps in the economic development of the area. National Highways are the primary road system which links important parts of the country.

Question. Explain any four qualitative improvements made in Indian Railways.
Answer : a. Conversion of meter gauge to broad gauge. b. Steam engines have been replaced by- diesel and electric engines. This has increased the speed and haulage capacity. c. The replacement of steam engine run by coal has improved the environment of stations and its surroundings. d. Railways routes have been extended to areas were there was no railway lines earlier.

Question. Explain any three major problems faced by Indian Railways.
Answer :In India rail transport suffers from certain problems. These are as follows: a. Poor service offered by railways. b. Thefts and damaging of railway property are rampant. c. The large population puts enormous strain on existing infrastructure.

Question. Explain any four advantages of pipeline transportation.
Answer : The four advantages of pipeline transportation are: a. Both solid (when converted into slurry) liquid and gases can be transported through pipelines. b. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. c. Transshipment of losses and delays are minimum. d. It is economical to transport petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers to interior places.

Question. What is the difference between personal communication and mass, communication? State any two points of importance of mass communication.
Answer : Personal communication means a communication between two persons either through oral, letter or through telephone etc, while mass communication includes the use of radio, television, press, films etc, for wider public audience. The two points of importance of mass communication are a. provides entertainment and b. creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies.

Question. What is meant by international trade? State any one feature of India’s international trade.
Answer : a. Trade between two countries is called international trade. b. One of the features of international trade of India is information technology. c. Trade d. International Trade e. Favourable Balance of Trade f. Unfavourable Balance of Trade

Question. Define the following terms: a. Trade b. International Trade c. Favourable Balance of Trade d. Unfavourable Balance of Trade
Answer : a. The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade. b. Trade between two countries is called international trade. c. When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade. d. When the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of Trade.

Question. Explain four advantages of road transport in India.
Answer : Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas. a. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and smaller amount of goods over short distances. b. It also provides door-to-door service, reducing the cost of loading and unloading is much lower. c. Road transport also provides feeder service to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, airports and sea ports.

Question. Write any four characteristics of Kandla seaport.
Answer : The following are the characteristics of the Kandla sea port: a. It is a tidal port. b. It was the first port developed soon after the Independence of India in Kuchchh. c. It was developed to ease the volume of trade from Mumbai port after the loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the Partition in 1947. d. It caters to the convenient handling of imports and exports of granary and industrial belt spreading from states like Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Question. Explain any four merits of pipeline transport in India.
Answer : The following are the merits of pipeline transport in India: a. Solids (when converted into slurry), liquids and gases can be transported through pipelines. b. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. c. Trans-shipment of losses and delays are ruled out. d. It is economical to transport petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers to interior places of the country.

Question. What is the meaning of road density? Describe any three major problems faced by road transportation in India.
Answer : The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known as density of roads. Road transportation in India faces the following problems: a. Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate. b. About half of the roads are unmetalled and this limits their usage during the rainy season. c. The National Highways are inadequate. d. The roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

Question. What is the importance of railway 1 transport? Describe any three major problems faced by Indian Railways.
Answer : Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. It conducts multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. The following are the major problems faced by the Indian Railways: a. Poor service offered by railways. b. Thefts and damages of railways property. c. Pressure of population puts enormous pressure on existing infrastructure.

Question. Describe any four features of Indian tourism as a trade.
Answer : Following are the features of Indian tourism as a trade: a. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades with the bumper increase in foreign tourists. b. It provides employment and financial support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. c. India has become a popular destination for heritage, adventure, medical and business tourism. d. Indian tourism has achieved the status of maximum foreign exchange earner.

Question. What is international trade? What do you mean by Balance of trade? What is the importance of trade?
Answer : Trade between two countries is called international trade. It includes exchange of commodities, services, information and knowledge.
Relation or difference between nation’s exports and imports is called balance of trade.
It has two types:
(i) Surplus trade: when the value of exported goods and services is more than the value of imported goods and services. It is called favorable trade balance.
(ii) Trade Deficit: when the value of exported goods and services is less than the value of imported goods and services. It is called unfavorable trade balance.
The importance of trade is:
1. No country can survive without international trade because resources are space bound.
2. Advancement of international trade of a country leads to its economic prosperity because such a trade provides so many jobs to workers as well as business to traders.
3. It is through international trade that we earn much of our foreign exchange which is required for importing many essential goods.
4. Foreign trade helps in transfer of technology.

Question. Mention the different means of transport in India.
Answer : Means of transport in India are:- (i) Roadways, (ii) Waterways, (iii) Airways, (iv) Pipelines, (v) Railways.

Question. What are the means of mass communication? Explain features of any two media.
Answer : These are those means of communication through which one can communicate with several people at the same time.
For example- Radio, newspaper and T.V.(Television):-
(i) It is one of the largest and essential networks in the world.
(ii) It provides entertainment and keeps the viewers well informed about the world.
Radio:-
(i) It is the cheapest and the most effective means of communication.
(ii) Besides entertainment, it also provides information and promotes social education.

Question. What are the different types of roads in India?
Answer : There are six types of roads
1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways or Expressway National Highways
2. National Highways
3. State Highways
4. District Roads
5. Other Roads or Rural Roads or Village Roads
6. Border Roads

Five Mark Questions

Question. What are the different types of roads in India? Explain?
Answer : There are six types of roads:-
1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways or Expressway National Highways
2. National Highways
3. State Highways
4. District Roads
5. Other Roads or Rural Roads or Village Roads
6. Border Roads

Question. Write advantages of disadvantages of Indianrailway?
Answer : Advantage: Suitable for longer journeys Promotes tourism Generates employment Agricultural development Culturally and socially important Disadvantage: cannot provide door to door service Theft and damage of railway by people construction of bridges and rails are very costly unnecessarily pulling the chain cannot build rails on Large rivers in Northern Plains, hilly terrains and desert regions

Question. How do means of transport and communication play an important role in the economic development of the country? Explain.
Answer : Dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today because of the following reasons.
• We use different material and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Movement of these goods and services can be over three domains of earth.
• Today the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport.
• Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.
• Therefore transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
• Today, India is well linked with rest of the world despite its vast size diversity, linguistic and socio-cultural plurality.

Question. Mention any four merits and any two demerits of air transport
Answer : Merits of air transport are:
• Most comfortable
• Fastest means of transport
• Covers long stretches of mountains, deserts, thick forests and oceanic stretches with great ease.
• Helicopters can land and take off from any place.
Demerits of air transport are:
• Very expensive
• It is often affected by weather phenomenon like fog and strong currents in upper atmosphere.

Question. Classify communication services into two categories. Explain main features of each.
Answer : Communication services can be classified into two categories—personal communication and mass communication.
Main features of personal communication:
• It is the communication between person to person. In this communication, only personal messages are exchanged.
• Personal communication is done through mobile phones, letters, e-mails, post cards, etc.
Main features of mass communication:
• It is the communication among masses. It provides entertainment as well as awareness about various national programmes.
• Mass communication is done through radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, films, etc.

Question. ‘Road transport and rail transport in India are not competitive but complementary to each other.’ Justify the statement.
Answer : The statement road transport and rail transport in India are not competitive but complementary to each other can be justified in the following ways.
• Road transport is more suitable for short distances whereas rail transport is more suitable for long distances.
• Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances whereas rail transport is more suitable for large number of people and heavy goods.
• Road transport is beneficial for perishable goods to be carried by roads in short period of time whereas non-perishable and bulky are transported by railways for a longer distances.
• Road transport increases the efficiency of railways.
• Road transport links the rural areas with railway stations.
• The deficiency of railways is compensated by road transport.

Question. Define the term tourism. Why is tourism known as a trade? Explain
Answer : Tourism means an activity of visiting places, especially in foreign countries for pleasure.
Tourism is known as a trade because of the following reasons.
• Foreign tourist’s arrivals have increased over the years. 5.78 million foreign tourists visited India in 2010. It contributed ? 64,889 crores as foreign exchange in the year 2010.
• More than 15 million people are directly engaged in tourism industry.
• It helps in the development of Indian handicrafts and other economic activities.
• Foreign tourist visits India for business tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism, eco tourism, heritage tourism, etc.

Question. Why is a dense and efficient network of transport and communication a prerequisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today? Give your opinion.
Answer : Dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today because of the following reasons.
• We use different material and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Movement of these goods and services can be over three domains of earth.
• Today the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport.
• Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.
• Therefore transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.
• Today, India is well linked with rest of the world despite its vast size diversity, linguistic and socio-cultural plurality.

Question. ‘Indian railways binds the economic life of the country as well as accelerates the development of industry and agriculture.’ Justify the statement.
Answer : They are principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers. They help in multifarious ways like business, sightseeing, along with transportation of goods over long distances.
• Economic development of a region depends upon the dense network of rail transport.
• They link areas of production with that of consumption, agriculture with industry and village with towns and cities.
• They help in industrial development by assemblage of raw materials and distribution of finished goods.
• They help in regional development.
• Railways help in the development of all the three sectors of the economy— primary, secondary and tertiary.

Question. ‘Roadways still have an edge over railways in India.’ Support the statement with arguments.
Answer : Roadways still have an edge over railways in India in the following ways.
• Roads are cheaper than railways and are easier to construct and maintain.
• Roads provide door-to-door service, therefore the cost of loading and unloading is much less.
• Road transport is used as a feeder to other means of transport, i.e. it is a link between railway stations, airports and seaports.
• Roads can traverse more dissected and undulating topography.
• It can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and can traverse mountains.
• Roads are economical is transporting few number of people and smaller amount of goods over short distances.

Question. Explain any five major problems faced by road transport in India
Answer : The major problems faced by road transport in India are as follows.
• The road network is inadequate when volume of traffic and passengers are taken into consideration.
• Nearly half of the roads are unmetalled and it limits their usage during the rainy season.
• Roadways are highly congested in the cities, with frequent traffic jams.
• Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
• The national highways are inadequate too.

Question. ‘Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its prosperity.’ Support the statement with suitable examples.
Answer : Advancement of international trade of a country is an index of its economic prosperity. The following points can justify the statement.
• No country can survive without international trade because resources are space bound.
• Advancement of international trade of a country leads to its economic prosperity because such a trade provides so many jobs to workers as well as business to traders.
• It is through international trade that we earn much of our foreign exchange which is required for importing many essential goods.
Foreign trade helps in transfer of technology.
• International trade gives rise to competition. Domestic producers make their production process efficient to meet the international standards and thus, are able to compete.

Question. “Modern means of transport and communication serve as lifelines of our nation.” Justify this statement by giving supportive arguments.
Answer : India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size and diversities because of efficient means of transport and communication. They are rightly called the lifelines or arteries of a nation because: Economic development of a country depends on the well-developed and efficient means of transport and communication. They are indispensable for movement of people, goods and services from one place to another. They have contributed to socio-economic progress in many ways by connecting far flung areas of the country. They have enriched all aspects of our lives — social, cultural, individual and economic. They promote trade, tourism and business thus adding value to the economy.
Transport and communication have made possible international trade which is essential for every economy as no country is self-sufficient in all resources.They link areas of production with consumption, i.e., agricultural farms are linked to the markets and industries.They help in the balanced regional development of a country.They play a very important role at the time of natural calamities, i.e., for providing relief measures.Deficient areas can obtain resources from the regions of surplus, thereby making the interdependence among the regions possible.They have added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

Question. Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.
Answer : Trade between countries is known as international trade. International trade has undergone a vast change in the last fifteen years. Exchange of goods and commodities have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge.
For e.g., – India has emerged as a software giant at the international level, and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.
International trade also depends on the relationship between the countries and other external factors like duties and tariffs on the transportation of goods. In the last fifteen years, different trade blocks have emerged which have changed how international trade was conducted previously.

Question. explain actors of Indian Tourism as a trade.
Answer : a) The arrival of foreign tourists has increased in our country over the year.
b) It contributes 21,828 crore as foreign exchange.
c) Tourism promotes national integration and international understanding.
d) More than 15 million people are directly engaged in tourism industry.
e) Tourism helps in the development of Indian handicrafts and cultural pursuits.

Question. Why is ‘transport and communication’ called the lifelines of an economy?
Or Why is transport a necessity? (Why is it considered a pre requisite for economic development?)
Answer :
i. Transport helps in the movement of people goods and materials. It helps in the production and distribution of goods and services.
ii. It is the basic arteries of an economy. It provides link between producers and consumers of goods.
iii. The pace of development of a country depends on the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space.

Question. What are the advantages of roads over railways?
Or (How does road transport score over railways?) What are the problems faced by the road transportation in India?
Answer :
(a) Roads are important for transport of goods and passengers for short and medium distances.
(b) Road transport is relatively cheap and easy both in construction and maintenance.
(c) It can be constructed even in mountainous terrain whereas railways are not possible in these areas. Railways require levelled ground.
(d) Roads connect areas of production with market, factories with farms and provide door-to-door service.
(e) Road transport is used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air port and seaports.
(f) For easy transportation of perishable goods, roads provide better service than the railways.
The problems faced by road transportation are the following:
(a) The road network in India is inadequate keeping in view of the number of passengers and volume of traffic.
(b) About half of the roads in India are un-surfaced which becomes muddy during the rainy season.
(c) The National Highways are inadequate and highly congested in the cities and their bridges and culverts are narrow.
(d) The road side amenities like telephone ,books ,emergency health services and police protection on the national highways are very poor and need improvement.

1. What does necessitate the need for transport?

The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport .

2. Why is the efficient means of transport pre-requisites for fast development?

• The pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

3. How is transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other?

1. With the development in Science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

2. Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.

3. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system.

4. Name the factors that are contributing to India’s Socio-economic progress.

• Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema andm Internet, etc. have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.

5. Give reasons for the growing importance of roadways vis-a vis rail transport in India?

The growing importance of road transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rooted in the following reasons: (Any 5 points)

1. Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.

2. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.

3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.

4. Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances.

5. It also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is studiestoday.com much lower.

6. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transports such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and seaports.

6. What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? State its major objective? Who maintain and implement these highways.

1. The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six-lane Super Highways. 

2. The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West Corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat) are part of this project. 

3. The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India. 

4. The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) implements and maintain these highways.

7. Explain any two characteristics of National Highways. Name the two cities linked by the National Highway No.1.

1. National Highways link extreme parts of the country.

2. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD).

3 The historical Sherhah Suri Marg is called National Highway No.1, linking Delhi and Amritsar.

8. What are State Highways? Who maintains these roads?

1. Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways.

2. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in State and Union Territories.

9. What are District Roads? Who maintains these roads?

1. These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.

2. The Zila Parishad maintains these roads.

10. What are Rural roads? What special impetus these roads have received?

1. These roads link rural areas and villages with towns.

2. These roads have received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.

3. Under this scheme special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.

11. Describe the Boarder Roads of India.

1. Border Roads Organisation a Government of India undertaking constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country.

2 This organisation was established in 1960 for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.

3 These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas.

12. How are Indian roads classified?

· According to capacity- roads are classified –Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways, National Highways, State Highways, State Highways, District, other Roads-rural roads and Border roads.

· According to the type of material used for their construction-Metalled and Unmetalled.

13. Differentiate between Metalled and Unmetalled Roads.

A) Metalled roads: i)Metalled roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal,

ii) They are all weather roads.

B) Unmetalled roads: i) They are made up of mud, wood etc.

ii) These roads go out of use in the rainy season.

14. What is the density of road? What is the road density in India.

· The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known as density of roads. Distribution of road is not uniform in the country. Density of all roads varies from only 10 km in Jammu & Kashmir to 375 km in Kerala with the national average of 75 km (1996-97).

15. What are the problems faced by the Road Transportation in India?

1. Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate.

2. About half of the roads are unmetaled and this limits heir usage during the rainy season.

3. The National Highways are inadequate too.

4. Moreover, the roadways are highly congested in cities.

5. Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

16. Give the importance of Railways in India.

1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India.

2. Railways also make it possible to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.

3. Apart from an important means of transport he Indian Railways has been a great integrating force for more than 150 years.

4. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country.

5. Railways accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.

17. Explain the physiographic, economic and administrative factors that influence the network of Indian railways. (CBSE, March 2012)

A) Physiographic factors:

a)Northern plains: Northern plains are vast level land. It provides the most favourable conditions to lay down railway tracks.

b)Peninsular region: In the hilly terrains of the Peninsular region railways tracks are laid through low hill gaps, which increased the cost of construction of railways tracks.

c)High relief and sparse population The Himalayan mountainous regions are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief and sparse population.

d) Desert region: The desert region of western Rajasthan does not allow to develop railway lines in the region.

e) Other areas and difficulty in construction of railways: The swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhasttisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand are also not suited to construct railway lines.

B) Economic and Administrative factors:

1. Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers.

2. Northern plains have high density of population and rich agricultural resources.

3. Plateau region of Chhotanagpur is rich in mineral resources. As a result railway tracks are spread over the region.

4. Industrial regions of the country directly linked with railway lines.

5. Administrative factors: Due to the vastness of the country the railway has been divided in 16 different railway zones. This help managing the railways.

                                                       OR

a) Why is Northern Plain has well-developed Railway network?

1. The northern plains with their vast level land, high population density and rich agricultural resources provided the most favourable condition for their growth.

2. However, a large number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles.

b) Why is Himalayan Regions unfavourable for the construction of Railways?Due to unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.

18. What is the importance of Konkan Railway in South India? What are the problems faced by the network?

a) In recent times, the development of the Konkan railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in this most important economic region of India. 

b) It has also faced a number of problems such as sinking of track in some stretches and land slides.

19. What are the problems of Indian Railways?

1. Many passengers travel without tickets.

2. Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.

3. People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.

20. What is the role-played by Pipelines in the development of the country?

1. Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India. In the past, these were used to transport water to cities and industries.

2. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.

3. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.

4. The far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer plants could be thought of only because of pipelines.

 

Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 10 Geography Lifelines of National Economy Worksheet Set A