CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism in India Worksheet Set A

Nationalism in India

Question. When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India?
A. January 1912
C. January 1913
B. January 1914
D. January 1915
Answer. D

Question. Which province did not boycott the council election?
A. Madras
C. Hyderabad
B. Ahmadabad
D. Lucknow
Answer. A

Question. Who headed the Owdh Kisan Sabha in Awadh?
A. Subhash chandra Bose
C. Bipin Chandra Pal.
B. Madan Mohan Malviya
D. Jawharlal Nehru
Answer. D

Question. Who was the president of Muslim league in1930?
A. Sir Muhammad Iqbal
C. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
B. Shaukat Ali.
D. Maulana Azad.
Answer. A

Question. The resolution of Purna Swaraj was adopted at which congress session?
A. Bombay
C. Karachi
B. Lahore.
D. Madras
Answer. B

Question. Who was known as the lion of Punjab?
A. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C. Lala lajpat Rai
B. Bupin Chandra Pal
D. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
Answer. C

Question. When did Mahatma Gandhi reach in Dandi to violate the salt law?
A. On 5thApril 1930
B. On 6th April 1930
C. On 6th May 1930.
D. On 7th April 1930.
Answer. B

Question. Who organized the Swaraj party in west Bengal?
A. Bipin Chandra pal .
C. Jawaharlal lal Nehru
B. Chitranjan Das and Motilal Nehru
D. Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer. B

Question. The tribal peasants of Gudem Hills is located in which state?
A. Tamil Nadu.
C. Andhra Pradesh.
B. Kerala.
D. Karnataka.
Answer. C

Question. A. 1916.
B. 1917.
C. 1918.
D. 1919.
Answer. B

 

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 

Question. What was the Rowlatt Act?
Answer. Passed 1919 by imperial legislative council, it gave the government enormous power to suppress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

Question. Why was the Khilafat Movement started?
Answer. started by Mahatma Gandhi and Ali brothers, in response to the harsh treatment given to the Caliph of the Ottoman Empire by the British.

Question. What was the main reason to withdraw the Non Cooperation Movement?
Answer. the movement had turned violent in many places, the Chauri-Chaura incident in 1922 turned into a violent dash and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles.

Question. Explain any two facts about the new economic situation created in India by the First World War.
Answer. Import Manchester import into India declined, Indian factories were called to supply war needs, and result new factories were set up.

Question. What was the ‘inland emigration act’?
Answer. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted or very rarely permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.

Question. Explain any two problems faced by the peasants of Awadh.
Answer. Talukdars and landlords demands high rents and a variety of other taxes from peasants, peasants had to do beggar means work without any payment.

Question. Why did the nationalists in India tour villages to gather folk songs and legends?
Answer. as it was essential to preserve one’s folk tradition in order to discover his national identity and restore a sense of pride in his past.

Question. Why were the Dalits ignored by the congress for a long time?
Answer. the Dalits were ignored by the congress for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high caste Hindus.

Question. Why was the Simon Commission boycotted?
Answer. because there were no Indian members in the Commission.

Question. By whom was the first image of Bharat Mata painted?
Answer. Abnindranath Tagore, pioneer of Bengal School of Art, painted the first image of Bharat Mata.

Question. Why did Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in cities? Explain two reasons.
Answer. Khadi cloth was often more expensive, no alternative Indian institutions to join.

Question. When was the Rowlatt Act passed?
Answer. February 1919

Question. Name the British officer who was responsible for the Jallianwalla Bagh?
Answer. General Dyer

Question. In which Indian National Congress session the Non-Cooperation Movement was accepted?
Answer. December 1920

Question. What were the reasons to calling off the Non-cooperationMovement?
Answer. Chauri Chaura incident in 1922

Question. By which name Gandhiji referred Dalit?
Answer. Harijans

Question. For which reason the Simon commission was boycotted?
Answer. It had no Indian Members

Question. Who announced a vague offer of Dominion status for Indiain1929?
Answer. The Viceroy, Lord Irwin

Question. What is meant by Begaar?
Answer. complete labour without payment

Question. Who was known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?
Answer. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

Question. During the British India how many provinces were there?
Answer. 8 provinces

Question. Name the writer of the novel Anandamath.
Answer. Bankim Chandra Chatterji

Question. StatethesloganwithwhichSimonCommissionwasgreetedin1928inIndia
Answer. Simon Go Back

Question. Who wrote the song ‘Vande Mataram’?
Answer. Bankim Chandra Chatterji

Question. Namethewriter of the book‘Hind Swaraj’.
Answer. Mahatma Gandhi

Question. What was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859?
Answer. The plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission as per the Inland Emigration Act of 1859.

Question. How did Gandhiji convert the National Movement into a Mass Movement?
Answer. Gandhiji converted the National Movement into a Mass Movement by:
i. His simple and saintly life and style of convincing the masses made him popular.
ii. His undisputed leadership and magnetic personality.
iii. His policy of non-violent Satyagraha.
iv. His movements like Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements had mass effects.
v. His programmes of social reforms like fighting against untouchability were highly appealing.
vi. His commitment to Hindu-Muslim unity gave force and shape to the national movement. 

Question. What is separate electorate? Why do you think Gandhiji was against the demand of separate electorate by B R Ambedkar? 
Answer. Separate electorates are usually demanded by minorities who feel it would otherwise be difficult for them to get fair representation in government. Separate electorate for Dalits means that Dalits will choose their separate leader by separate elections for Dalits.
Gandhiji was against the demand of separate electorate of Dr B R Ambedkar because he believes that separate electorates for Dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organizations locally known as

Question. What were the causes of the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. 
Answer. Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 because of the following reasons:
i. Gandhiji felt the movement was turning violent at many places and the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for the mass struggle.
ii. Within the Congress, some leaders were by now tired of mass struggles and wanted to participate in the elections to the provincial councils set up after by the Government of India Act 1919.
iii. The final blow came after the violent incident in Chauri Chaura in 1922 when a group of volunteers picketing a Liquor shop were beaten up by a police officer. In protest, a group of peasants went to the police station, bolted the door and set fire to the police station killing 22 policemen. The incident shocked Gandhiji and he immediately withdrew the movement. 

Question. i. Two features A and B are marked in the given political map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map.
a. The place of Peasants Satyagraha.
b. The place associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement
ii. Locate and Label Madras-the place where the Indian National Congress session held in 1927 with appropriate symbols on the same map given for identification.

Answer.

 

 

Question. How did a variety of cultural processes play an important role in the making of nationalism in India? Explain with examples. 
Answer. Variety of cultural processes played an important role in the making of nationalism, in India in the following ways:
a. This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles and growing anger among people against the colonial government.
b. The sense of collective belonging inculcated the spirit of nationalism among the people. History and fiction, folklore and songs and popular prints and symbols played an important part in the making of nationalism.
c. The identity of the nation symbolized in a figure or image of Bharat Mata created through literature, songs, paintings etc.
d. The movement to revive Indian folklore to enhance nationalist sentiments.
e. Role of icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism.
f. Creating a feeling of nationalism was through a reinterpretation of history.

Question. How did the First world war help in the growth of national movement in India? OR State the implications of the first world war on India’s freedom struggle?
OR How the post first world war scenario in India was responsible in instigating the Anti-British feelings among Indians?
Answer. Implications of World War first
1.World war created a new economic and political situation all around the world.
2. Britain was under a huge war expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
3. Custom duty were raised and Income Tax was introduced.
4. The price rise was double during the war years. It lead to extreme hardship for the common people.
5. Forced recruitment of soldiers in the rural areas caused widespread anger.
6. At the same time failure of crops in many parts of India.
7. Same time, influenza epidemic broke out.
All the factors together were responsible to the growth of anti-British feeling among the Indians.

Question. What is meant by the idea of ‘Satyagraha’?
OR ‘A Satyagrahi wins the battle through non-violence.’ Explain with examples.
Answer. The idea of Satyagraha
1.The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
2. If the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
3. A satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
4. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
5. People, including the oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through use of violence.
6. By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph.

Question. Mention some of the early political agitations of Mahatma Gandhi in India.
Answer. Early political movements of Mahatma Gandhi in India
1. After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized Satyagraha movements in various places.
2. In 1916, he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
3. In 1917, He organized a Satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda district of Gujarat. they were affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic so the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue and they were demanding for relaxation in revenue collection.
4. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Question. Write a note on the Rowlatt Act.
OR Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
Answer. The Rowlatt Act
1. British government hurriedly passed an act in respect to Gandhiji's idea of Satyagraha.
2. This act gave the government enormous power to repress political activities.
3. It also allowed detention of political Prisoners without trial for 2 years.
*Protest of Rowlatt Act/RowlattSatyagraha :- Gandhi ji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed act in 1919.
He wanted nonviolent civil disobedience against search unjust laws.
Which would start with hartal on 6 April.
*Steps taken in Rowlatt Satyagraha
1. Rallies were organized in various cities.
2. Workers went on strike in railway workshop.
3. Shops closed down.
4. Afraid of this moment, the British administration decided to start repression on Nationalists.
5. Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi and Martial Law was imposed.

Question. Write a note on Jallianwala Bagh incident.
OR What were the circumstances that led to the the Jallianwala Bagh mascare?
OR Why was the theRowlatt Satyagraha launched? Why was it called off?
Answer. 
• I. Hartal was started in Amritsar on 6th April.
• Most of the local leaders of Amritsar were arrested on 10th April and Martial Law was imposed.
• General Dyer took command of law and order.
• Jallianwala Bagh is a small bag outside of Amritsar.
• On 13th April, villagers were gathered to celebrate Baisakhi and some were present to protest against RowlattAct.
• villagers were au aware of the Martial that had been imposed in Amritsar.
• General Dyer entered the area, block the exit points and ordered fire on the crowd.
• Hundreds of people were killed and thousands were injured.
• Later dyer’s remark was that it was all done to produce terror among Indians.
• Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.

Question. What was Khilafat issue? How did it become part of the Nationalist movement?
Answer.
• Turkey was under Ottoman Empire.
• The ruler of Turkey was called Khalifa.
• He was the spiritual leader of Muslims all around the world.
• Britain defeated Turkey in world war.
• Britain deththroned the existing Khalifa and appointed A new Khalifa in his place.
• It caused the wide spread anger among the Muslims all over the world.
• In India also Muslims started protesting against the British by forming Khilafat committee under the leadership of Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
• Gandhiji saw this as golden opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified struggle against British.
• Gandhiji convinced all Congress leader to support Khilafat movement in support of Swaraj.

Question. What were the reasons for the launching of the Non-cooperation movement? OR What was Gandhiji's idea behind launching it as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?
OR Why Gandhiji decided to launch non co-operation movement?
Answer.
• Gandhi ji declared in his book “Hind Swaraj” in 1909.
• He believed that British rule was established in India with the co-operation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation.
• If Indian refused to co-operate British rule in India, it would collapse within a year.
• And finally we would achieve Swaraj.

Question. How did the non-cooperation movement unfold? Who participated in it? How did different
social group conceive of the idea of Non-Cooperation?
OR How did non co-operation movement become a mass movement?
OR How did different social groups conceive the idea of non- cooperation?
Answer.
• Movement in towns steps taken for the success of non cooperation movementI. In towns, the moment started with middle class participation in the cities.
• Thousands of students left their government controlled schools and colleges.
• Headmaster and teachers resigned.
• Lawyers give up their legal practices.
• Foreign goods were boycotted.
• Foreign clothes were burnt in huge bonfire.
• Liquor shops were picketed.
• The Council elections were boycotted.

Question. Why the non-cooperation movement failed early in towns?
OR Why was the non-cooperation movement slowed down in cities?
Answer. The non-cooperation movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons.
• Khadi was too much expensive than the British produced mill cloth.
• Poor people could not afford to wear Khadi.
• For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be opened but its process was very slow.
• Teachers and children started going back to their schools.
• Lawyers started going back to their courts.
Movement in countryside (villages)

Question. What were the causes for the peasants movement in Awadh? How did they organize it?
Answer.
• The movement in Awadh was against talukdars and landlords.
• They demanded high amount of revenue from the peasants.
• The movement was led by Sanyasi Baba Ramchandra.
• Peasants had to do begaar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.
• The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begaar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
• In many places 'Nai-dhobi bandhs' were organized by panchayats.

Question. Give an example to prove that the tribal peasants interpreted the message of noncooperation Movement in different way.
OR How did the non-cooperation Movement unfold in hills or among the tribals?
Answer. Movement among tribals-
• NCM among the tribals was started in gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
• Started in the form of militant guerrilla movement against the British .
• British had closed large area of forest land and they also prevented the tribals to enter into it.
• This caused the wide spread anger among the tribals against the British .
• Not only the livelihood was affected But the tribal saw it as the attack on their traditional right.
• Hence, tribals joined the non-cooperation movement.

Question. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju?
OR Write a short note on Raju's contribution in the NCM among the tribals.
Answer.
• Alluri sitarama Raju was an interesting character.
• He led the NCM among the tribals in gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
• He claimed that he had a variety of special power.
• He could make correct astrological predictions.
• He could Heal treat the people he could even survive Bullet shots.
• Raju was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and his non-cooperation movement.
• He told the hill people to wear Khadi and give up drinking.
• But, Raju believe that Swaraj could be achieved only through the use of violence.
• Raju was captured and executed in 1924.

Question. How did the plantation workers conceived the idea of non-cooperation movement? OR What did Swaraj mean for the workers of plantation?
Answer.
• Under the inland emigration act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed to leave the
tea gardens without permission & they were rarely given such permission .
• When the heard of non-cooperation, they believed that Gandhi raj is coming and everyone
would given land in their own villages.
• Thousands of workers disobeyed the owners, left the plantations and went home.
• They never reached their homes. They were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.

Question. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the non-cooperation movement?
OR Why was non-cooperation movement called off by Gandhi ji ?
Answer. Non-cooperation movement was called off by Gandhi ji because of the following reason-
• He felt that the moment was turning violent in many places.
• Gandhi ji was firm believer of peaceful opposing the British.
• Gandhiji believed that the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggle.
• Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement because of the Chauri-Chaura incident in February 1922.

Question. With what aim was the Swaraj Party setup? Who formed Swaraj Party?
Answer.
• Swaraj Party was setup by Motilal Nehru and CR Das in 1923.
• They wanted to participate in election to the provincial Council.
• They felt that it was important to oppose British policies within the Council.

Question. What was Simon Commission? Why Indians opposed it?
OR Why did Simon Commission visit India? Why was it boycotted?
Answer.
• Britain constituted a statutory commission under John Simon.
• It was set up in response to the Nationalist movement.
• The main objective of this Commission was to review the constitutional system of India and suggest changes.
• The problem was that there was no single Indian member in the commission. They were all British.
• So Indians started to oppose this Simon Commission.

Question. What were the two important decisions taken at Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929?
OR Discuss the significance of the congress session in 1929 in the freedom struggle of India.
Answer. I. The congress session of Lahore was held under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929.
II. In the session, the Indian National Congress demanded for Purna Swaraj or full Independence for India.
III. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day.
IV. People would take a pledge to struggle for complete Independence.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji start the civil disobedience movement?
OR Why did Gandhi ji considered salt as a powerful symbol of national movement against the British?
OR What was the Salt Satyagraha ( The Dandi March)
Answer. I.Congress declared full Independence at the Lahore session in 1929.
II. Congress decided to launch civil disobedience movement to get complete Independence.
III. Gandhiji send the letter to Lord Irwin stating 11 demands on 31 January 1930.
IV. The most important demand was to abolish the salt tax.
V. Salt was consumed by the rich and the poor and it was one of the most essential items of food.
VI. Mahatma Gandhi found salt as a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
VII. The government imposed tax on salt and monopoly over its production.
VIII. Mahatma Gandhi declared it as the most oppressive face of British rule.
IX. Gandhiji give an ultimatum to the British that if the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign.
X. Since the demands were not accepted, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Dandi March accompanied by 38 of his trusted volunteers.
XI. The march was over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
XII. The volunteers walked for 24 days about 10 miles a day.
XIII. Gandhiji reached Dandi and violated the law producing salt by boiling sea water on 6 April.
XIV. This marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement. (Point no. VII to XIV are answer for the salt Satyagraha or Dandi March)

Question. How was civil disobedience movement different from the non-cooperation movement?
Answer.
I. The Non-cooperation movement was started to support the Khilafat movement in 1920 while the civil disobedience movement was started to get complete Independence in 1930.
II. The non-cooperation movement was the first mass Movement in which large number of peasants
participated where as in civil disobedience movement a large number of women participated.
III. People were asked not to co-operate with British during the non-cooperation movement, whereas
people were asked not to co-operate and to violate colonial laws in civil disobedience movement.

Question. Describe the civil disobedience movement. How did it become a mass movement?
Answer. I. The Dandi March marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement.
II. People asked not only to refuse co-operation with the British but also to break colonial laws.
III. Thousands people broke the salt law and manufactured salt in different part of the country.
IV. They also demonstrated in front of government salt factories.
V. As the movement spread, foreign clothes were boycotted.
VI. Liquor shops were picketed.
VII. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari Taxes.
VIII. Village officials resigned in many places.
IX. Forest people violated forest laws by going into reserved forest to collect wood and graze cattles.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji call off civil disobedience movement?
Answer. I. Most of the Congress leaders were arrested in April 1930.
II. Angry crowds demonstrated in the street of Peshawar, facing police firing.
III. Hundreds were killed and thousands were injured.
IV. When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested, industrial workers in Solapur attacked police post, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations.
V. The frightened government responded with a policy of brutal repression.
VI. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten up and 1 lac people were arrested. in such situation, Mahatma Gandhi decided to call of the moment.

Question. what were the main features of the Gandhi-Irwin pact?
Answer. I. Gandhi-Irwin pact which was signed in March 1931.
II. By this fact, the Congress agreed to join the second round table conference in London.
III. According to this agreement the government agreed to release all political Prisoners.
IV. Gandhi ji should attend the second round table conference.
V. And he should call of the civil disobedience movement.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji re-launch civil disobedience movement?
Answer. I. The failure of second round table conference disappointed Gandhi ji.
II. When he came back to India, he saw that the government had begun a new cycle of repression.
III. Gaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail.
IV. Congress had been declared illegal.
V. A series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts. With great apprehension (आशंका), Mahatma Gandhi re-launched the civil disobedience movement.

Question. Describe the participation of different social groups in the civil disobedience movement.
Why did they join the movement?
Answer. I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement.
II. They were producers of commercial crop and they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling price.
III. Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against Import of foreign goods. They also financially help the movement. They wanted to end colonial control over Indian economy. They joined civil disobedience movement and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
IV. Another important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large scale participation of women. During Gandhiji’S salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in the protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
V. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dock workers in 1932. In 1930 thousands of workers in chhotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns.

Question. Why did the rich peasant communities join the civil disobedience movement? Why did not they join when it was re-launched in 1932?
Answer. I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh joined the movement.
II. Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.
III. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand.
IV. The government refused to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread anger among them.
V. These rich peasants were actively participated in the boycott programs.
VI. For them the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.
VII. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the deduction in revenue rates. Therefore, when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate.

Question. Why did the poor peasants not join the civil disobedience movement? Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was remained uncertain during civil disobedience movement?
Answer. I. The poor peasants were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.
II. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords.
III. As the depression continued and cash incomes decreased, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rents.
IV. They wanted to be remitted from the unpaid rent of the landlord.
V. They joined a variety of radical movements and campaigns.
VI. Congress did not want to upset that rich peasants and landlords and was unwilling to support “no rent campaigns” of the poor peasants in most places.
So the relationship between the poor peasants and Congress remained uncertain.

Question. Why did the business class support the civil disobedience movement? Why did the business class not support the civil disobedience movement when it was re-launched?
Answer. I. Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against Import of foreign goods.
II. They wanted to end colonial control over Indian economy.
III. They joined civil disobedience movement and give financial help and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
IV. Most Businessman came to see Swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist, trade and industry would gain without any barriers.
V. They were afraid of the spread of militant activities and worried by giving influence of socialism among the younger members of the Congress.
VI. After the failure of the Round table conference, business group were no longer uniformly enthusiastic in the civil disobedience movement.

Question. How did the Indian merchants and industrialists protect their interest?
Answer. I. To organize business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and commercial Congress in
1920 end the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and industries (FICCI) in 1927.
II. These organizations were led by Purushottam Das Thakur Das and G.D. Birla.
III. The Industrialists attacked the Colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the civil
disobedience movement when it was first launched.
IV. They gave financial help and refused to buy or sell imported goods.

Question. Describe the participation of women in the civil disobedience movement. Why did the participation of women in large numbers in the movement not bring any radical change in the position of Indian women?
Answer. I. An important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large scale participation of women.
II. Thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him during Gandhiji's salt march.
III. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, picketed foreign cloths and liquor shops.
IV. Many of them went to jail.
V. In urban areas, these women were from high caste families and in rural areas they came from a rich peasant household.
VI. Moved by Gandhi Ji's call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women.
VII. Gandhiji believed that it was the duty of women to look after home and be a good mother and wife.
VIII. After discouraged by Gandhiji and Congress, women did not hold any position of authority within the Congress. Women remained their symbolic presence in congress.

Question. Why did Gandhiji and Dr Ambedkar come into a conflict in the second round table conference?
What was the result?
OR Explain the circumstances leading to the Poona pact 1932. What are its provisions?
Answer. POONA PACT
I. Dr. Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Dalits.
II. Gandhi ji opposed it because Gandhi ji believed that separate electorates for the dalits would slow down
the process of their integration into society.
III. When the British government granted Ambedkar's demand, Gandhi ji began a fast unto death.
IV. Ambedkar finally accepted Gandhiji's position and the result was the Poona pact of September 1932.
VI. It give the depressed a reserved seats in provincial and Central legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general electorates.

Question. What were the limits of the civil disobedience movement?
Answer. I. For long, the Congress had ignored the dalits, fearing of offending the Sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus. Thereforedalits did not participate in the movement.
II. Some of the Muslim political organizations did not respond to the civil disobedience movement since Congress is more associated with Hindu associations.
III. The relationship between the poor peasants and Congress remained uncertain during this period. Congress did not want to upset the rich peasants and landlords and was unwilling to support campaigns of the poor peasants in most places.

Question. Describe briefly any three economic effects of the non-cooperation movement.
Answer. I. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in the huge bonfires.
II. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921and 1922.Its value dropped from rupees 102 crore to
III. Rupees 57 crore.In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods

Question. How had a variety of cultural processes developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century? Explain with examples. 
OR/ "Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation."
Support the statement.
Answer. We had a variety of cultural processes that developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century these are following:
■Cultural Processes: Figures or images helped to create an image with which people identify their Nation. Abanindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata as she is calm, divine and spiritual.
■Indian Folklore: Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to receive Indian folklore.Folk tales gave a true picture of the traditional culture.
■National Symbols: During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolor flag was designed. Gandhi ji also designed the Swrajflag in 1921.
■Reinterpretation of History: The British saw Indians as backward, primitive and incapable of governing. In response, Indian began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements.
■New Hymns: "VandeMataram" and "Jan gan man" wrote to create a sense of collective belonging in Indians.

Question. Examine the effects of the first world war on the economic and political condition of India

OR
What were the main aspects the nationalist movement during the first world war?
Answer.
1. First of all, the war created a new economic and political situation. It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties were raised and income tax introduced.
2. Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
3. Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food. This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic.
4. According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million colonial state forced people to join the army people perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.
5. People hoped that their hardships would end after the war was over. But that did not happen.

Question. What did Mahatma Gandhi mean when he said “Satyagrah” is active resistance?

OR

Examine the meaning of “Satyagarh” as said by Gandhi. 
Answer.
1. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915 from South Africa where with a novel method of mass agitation, which he called ‘Satyagraha’. The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
2. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
3. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
4. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor. People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.
5. By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians.

Question. Give examples to show that Mahatma Gandhi organized early satayagraha movement as soon as he arrived in India in 1915. (Note: These examples are also meant for 2 Marks map question.) On the outline political map of India locate and label or identify the following places of nationalist movement.
Answer.
1. In 1916 he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive Indigo plantation system.
2. Then in 1917, he organised a Satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were demanding that revenue collection be relaxed.
3. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Question. Bring out the significance of Rowatt Act (1919)

OR

What was Rowlatt Act? 
Answer.1. Rowlatt Act (1919) was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
2. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years (11/2+11/2)

Question. Write a short note Jallainwala Bagh Massacre 

What lead to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre? Explain the significant features of the incident. 
Answer. 1. Alarmed by the popular upsurge, and scared that lines of communication such as the railways and telegraph would be disrupted, the British administration decided to clamp down on nationalists. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.
2. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations. Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.
3. On 13 April the infamous Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place. On that day a crowd of villagers who had come to Amritsar to attend a fair gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh. Being from outside the city, they were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
4. Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.
5. His object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’, to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe. (Full text answer) Map Question. (Jallianwala Bagh, Amrit sar-Punjab)

Question. What were the major impacts of Jallianwala Bagh massacre on India’s freedom movement?

OR

Describe in brief the reactions of the people immediately after Jallianwala Bagh incident.  
Answer. 1. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns.
2. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings.
3. The government responded with brutal repression, seeking to humiliate and terrorize people: satyagrahis were forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam (salute) to all sahibs; people were flogged and villages (around Gujranwala in Punjab, now in Pakistan) were bombed. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the Satyagraha movement.

Answer.
1. To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.
2. A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started Khilafat movement.
3. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement. At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.
Map Question (Locate & Label OR Identify): Calcutta Session of the Congress in September 1920 

Question. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to start the NCM and discuss how it became a mass movement? 
Answer.
1. In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909) Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come.
2. Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.
3. Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched. Through the summer of 1920 Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilizing popular support for the movement.
4. Many within the Congress were, however, concerned about the proposals. They were reluctant to boycott the council elections.
5. Finally, at the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-Cooperation programme was adopted.

Question. Examine how the middle class people of the cities reacted to the call of NCM? 
Answer.
1. The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
2. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power.
3. The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.
4. The import of foreign cloth halved, its value dropped. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
5. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

Question. “NCM in the cities gradually slowed down”. Why? 
Answer.
1. Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
2. The boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones.
3. These were slow to come up. So students and teachers began trickling back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.

Question. Briefly describe how the peasant movement in the state of Awadh became a part of NCM. 
Answer.
1. It drew into its fold the struggles of peasants and tribals which were developing in different parts of India in the years after the war.
2. In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra – a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer. The movement here was against talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasant’s exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other cesses.
3. Peasants had to do beggar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
4. In many places nai – dhobi bandhs were organised by panchayats to deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen.
5. In June 1920, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others. Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region. So when the Non-Cooperation Movement began the following year, the effort of the Congress was to integrate the Awadh peasant struggle into the wider struggle.

Effects:
6. As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted, and grain hoards were taken over.
7. In many places local leaders told peasants that Gandhiji had declared that no taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed among the poor.
8. The name of the Mahatma was being invoked to sanction all action and aspirations. The peasant movement, however, developed in forms that the Congress leadership was unhappy with. (Full Text Answer)

Question. Study the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: “On 6 January 1921, the police in United Provinces-----peacefully dispersed.”
Answer. 
1. Why were the peasants of Awadh agitating against the Talluqdars and the Landlords?
2. Explain the feelings of Nehru when he addressed the peasants. 

Question. In what way the tribal peasants interpreted Mahatma Gandhi’s message and idea of Swaraj? Explain with suitable examples.

OR

How Alluri Sitram Raju became a folk hero? Discuss. 
Answer.1. Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in yet another way. In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, for instance, a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s – not a form of struggle that the Congress approved.
2. The colonial government’s Forest Act enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected but they felt that their traditional rights were being denied.
3. When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, the hill people revolted.
4. Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers: he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people, and he could survive even bullet shots.
5. Captivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God. Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non- Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
6. But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju was captured and executed in 1924, and over time became a folk hero. (Full Text Answer)

Question. How did the plantation workers react to the call of Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘Swaraj’? 
Answer. 1) Workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of swaraj. For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
2) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission.
3) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.
4) They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.
5) They interpreted the term swaraj in their own ways, imagining it to be a time when all suffering and all troubles would be over. Yet, when the tribals chanted Gandhiji’s name and raised slogans demanding ‘Swatantra Bharat’, they were also emotionally relating to an all-India agitation.
6) When they acted in the name of Mahatma Gandhi, or linked their movement to that of the Congress, they were identifying with a movement which went beyond the limits of their immediate locality. (Full Text Book)

 

Source based questions

Read the given text and answer the following questions:
Megha has taken a loan of Rs 5 lakhs from the bank to purchase a house. The annual interest rate on the loan is 12 percent and the loan is to be repaid in 10 years in monthly installments. Megha had to submit to the bank,documents showing her employment records and salary before the bank agreed to give her the loan. The bank retained as collateral the papers of the new house, which will be returned to Megha only when she repays the entire loan with interest.

Question. Is Megha taking a loan from a formal or informal source of credit?
Answer. Formal source,Bank

Question. Identify the term:It comprises interest rate, collateral, documentation requirement and the mode of payment.
Answer. Terms of credit

Sources/Case based

1. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

While the Rowlatt Satyagraha had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and towns. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India. But he was certain that no such movement could be organized without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together. One way of doing this, he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue. The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there were rumors that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor – the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa). To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919. A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on the issue. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement. At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for Swaraj.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question. Which of the following was the main objective of Rowlatt Act of 1919?
(a) To curb the growing nationalist up surge in the country
(b) To put control on radical elements.
(c) To put control on Gandhi’s political activities.
(d) To stop Satyagrahis to take part in Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer. A

Question. During World War I, Ottoman Empire was the part of:
(a) Allies Powers
(b) Central Powers
(c) Axis Powers
(d) None of these
Answer. B

Question. Which of the following was the main reason behind launching of Non-Cooperation Movement?
(a) Suppression by the British government.
(b) Defeat of Ottoman Empire in World War I.
(c) Now Gandhiji was popular enough to launch a nationwide movement.
(d) First time both major Indian communities were against the government.
Answer. D

Question. Find out the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) At the end of World War II, Gandhiji became an important leader in Indian politics.
(b) Gandhiji toured India with Shaukat Ali to show Hindu-Muslim unity.
(c) In Nagpur session, Gandhiji succeeded to convince the Congress leaders to support Khilafat issue.
(d) Some of the leaders in Congress were not happy to take Khilafat issue.
Answer. A

 

2. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles. But there were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people’s imagination. History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of nationalism. The identity of the nation is most often symbolized in a figure or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual. In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms, as it circulated in popular prints, and was painted by different artists. Devotion to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question. Find out the real meaning of the nationalism from the following:
(a) To mobilize people to make a change in society.
(b) To develop a sense within Indians that British government in not good for them.
(c) To ignite the feeling that all Indians are one.
(d) To revive the glory which has been destroyed by colonial rulers?
Answer. C

Question. Which of the following played important role to ignite feelings of nationalism?
(a) Anandmath
(b) Collection of folklore and folktale
(c) Image of Bharat Mata
(d) All of the above
Answer. D

Question. The main motive behind the launching of Swadeshi Movement was:
(a) To promote Gandhian idea of self dependency.
(b) To oppose the arrest of nationalists by the government.
(c) To oppose the division of Bengal into two parts.
(d) To promote ‘Vande Mataram’ to unite Indians.
Answer. C

Question. Which of the following statement is not correct about the image of Bharat Mata?
(a) The image was drawn by several artists at different times.
(b) Bharat Mata carries same symbols in all images.
(c) French and German allegories inspired to draw the image of Bharat Mata.
(d) Different artists used different symbols to show collective belongings.
Answer. B

Read the given text and answer the following questions:

In recent years, the central and state governments in India are taking special steps to attract foreign companies to invest in India. Industrial zones, called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set up. SEZs are to have world class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years.
Government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment.
The companies in the organized sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers’ rights. In the recent years, the government has allowed companies to ignore many of these. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers ‘flexibly’ for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company.
However, still not satisfied, foreign companies are demanding more flexibility in labour laws.

Question. What is foreign investment?
Answer. Investments by citizens or company of one nation to other nation is known as investment. Investment made by MNCs is also called foreign investment.

Question. Analyze the impact of flexibility of labour laws?
Answer. Flexibility in the labour laws helps the companies to hire workers at a lower wage.
Companies hire workers for short period and not on a regular basis.
Flexibility in the labour laws does not favour workers as they lose their right to regular salary, paid leave and their incentives.

 

Read the given text and answer the following questions:

Ever since humans appeared on the earth, they have used different means of communication. But, the pace of change, has been rapid in modern times. Long distance communication is far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. Personal communication and mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major means of 4 communication in the country. The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communications. Cards and envelopes are considered first-class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air. The second-class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.

Question. Differentiate between mass communication and personal communication.
Answer. Mass Communication is the medium which provides entertainment as well as creates awareness among the masses. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, films etc.
whereas Personal Communication is between person to person. (ii) Any other relevant point (Any one)

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question. How can you say that people played an important role in the struggle for a fair globalisation? 
Answer. 1 WTO is supposed to allow free trade for all, but in practice the developed countries have retained trade barriers. Against it, massive campaigns and representation were organised by the people's organisations. As a result, WTO's decisions relating to trade and investments were influenced. This way people played an important role in a fair globalisation.

Question. What values you have learnt from the passage?
Answer. From the given passage I have learnt the values of fairness and protest against unfavourable measures.

Case based

5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

This sense of collective belonging came partly through theexperience of united struggles. But there were also a variety ofcultural processes through which nationalism captured people’simagination. History and fiction, folklore and songs, popularprints and symbols, all played a part in the making ofnationalism. The identity of the nation is most often symbolizedin a figure or image. This helps create an image with whichpeople can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century,with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came tobe visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. Theimage was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Inthe 1870s he wrote ‘VandeMataram’ as a hymn to themotherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath andwidely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Movedby the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted hisfamous image of Bharat Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata isportrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divineand spiritual. In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mataacquired many different forms, as it circulated in popular prints,and was painted by different artists. Devotion to this motherfigure came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism.

Answer the following by choosing the mostappropriate option:

Question. Find out the real meaning of the nationalism.
Answer. To ignite the feeling that all Indians are one.

Question. What played important role to ignite feelingsof nationalism?
(a) Anandmath
(b) Collection of folklore and folktale
(c) Image of Bharat Mata
(d) All of the above
Answer. D

Question. The main motive behind the launching of Swadeshi Movementwas………..
Answer. To oppose the division of Bengal into two parts.

(iv) Which of the following statement is not correct about the image ofBharat Mata?
(a) The image was drawn by several artists at different times.
(b) Bharat Mata carries same symbols in allimages.
(c) French and German allegories inspired to draw the image ofBharat Mata.
(d) Different artists used different symbols to show collectivebelongings.
Answer. B

Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 10 History Nationalism in India Worksheet Set A