NCERT Class 10 History Characteristics of the City

Read and download NCERT Class 10 History Characteristics of the City in NCERT book for Class 10 Social Science. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Social Science textbook for Class 10 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 10 Social Science to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City

Class 10 Social Science students should refer to the following NCERT Book Characteristics Of The City in Class 10. This NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Characteristics Of The City NCERT Book Class 10

 

Characteristics of the City

To begin with, how do we distinguish between cities on the one hand and towns and villages on the other? Towns and cities that first appeared along river valleys, such as Ur, Nippur and Mohenjodaro, were larger in scale than other human settlements. Ancient cities could develop only when an increase in food supplies made it possible to support a wide range ofnon-food producers. Cites were often the centres of political power, administrative network, trade and industry, religious institutions, and intellectual activity, and supported various social groups such as artisans, merchants and priests.

Cities themselves can vary greatly in size and complexity. They can be densely settled modern-day metropolises, which combine political and economic functions for an entire region, and support very large populations. Or they can be smaller urban centres with limited functions.

This chapter will discuss the history of urbanisation in the modern world. We will look in some detail at two modern cities, as examples of metropolitan development. The first is London, the largest city in the world, and an imperial centre in the nineteenth century, and the second is Bombay, one of the most important modern cities in the Indian subcontinent.

1.1 Industrialisation and the Rise of the Modern City in England

Industrialisation changed the form of urbanisation in the modern period. However, even as late as the 1850s, many decades after the beginning of the industrial revolution, most Western countries were largely rural. The early industrial cities of Britain such as Leeds and Manchester attracted large numbers of migrants to the textile mills set up in the late eighteenth century. In 1851, more than three-quarters of the adults living in Manchester were migrants from rural areas. Now let us look at London. By 1750, one out of every nine people of England and Wales lived in London. It was a colossal city with a population of about 675,000. Over the nineteenth century, London continued to expand. Its population multiplied fourfold in the 70 years between 1810 and 1880, increasing from 1 million to about 4 million

The city of London was a powerful magnet for migrant populations, even though it did not have large factories. ‘Nineteenth century London,’ says the historian Gareth Stedman Jones, ‘was a city of clerks and shopkeepers, of small masters and skilled artisans, of a growing number of semi skilled and sweated outworkers, of soldiers and servants, of casual labourers, street sellers, and beggars.’ Apart from the London dockyards, five major types of industries employed large numbers: clothing and footwear, wood and furniture, metals and engineering, printing and stationery, and precision products such as surgical instruments, watches, and objects of precious metal. During the First World War (1914-18) London began manufacturing motor cars and electrical goods, and the number of large factories increased until they accounted for nearly one-third of all jobs in the city.

1.2 Marginal Groups

As London grew, crime flourished. We are told that 20,000 criminals were living in London in the 1870s. We know a great deal about criminal activities in this period, for crime became an object of widespread concern. The police were worried about law and order, philanthropists were anxious about public morality, and industrialists wanted a hard-working and orderly labour force. So the population of criminals was counted, their activities were watched, and their ways of life were investigated.

In the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Mayhew wrote several volumes on the London labour, and compiled long lists of those who made a living from crime. Many of whom he listed as ‘criminals’ were in fact poor people who lived by stealing lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal, and clothes drying on hedges. There were others who were more skilled at their trade, expert at their jobs. They were the cheats and tricksters, pickpockets and petty thieves crowding the streets of London.

In an attempt to discipline the population, the authorities imposed high penalties for crime and offered work to those who were considered the ‘deserving poor’. Factories employed large numbers of women in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. With technological developments, women gradually lost their industrial jobs, and were forced to work within households. The 1861 census recorded a quarter of a million domestic servants in London, of whom the vast majority were women, many of them recent migrants. A large number of women Activity used their homes to increase family income by taking in lodgers or through such activities as tailoring, washing or matchbox making. However, there was a change once again in the twentieth century. As women got employment in wartime industries and offices, they withdrew from domestic service.

Large number of children were pushed into low-paid work, often by their parents. Andrew Mearns, a clergyman who wrote The Bitter Cry of Outcast London in the 1880s, showed why crime was more profitable than labouring in small underpaid factories: ‘A child seven years old is easily known to make 10 shillings 6 pence a week from thieving … Before he can gain as much as the young thief [a boy] must make 56 gross of matchboxes a week, or 1,296 a day.’ It was only after the passage of the Compulsory Elementary Education Act in 1870, and the factory acts beginning from 1902, that children were kept out of industrial work.

 

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 10 History Characteristics of the City

Contemporary India II Chapter 01 Resources and Development
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Resources and Development
Contemporary India II Chapter 02 Forest and Wildlife Resources
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Forest and Wildlife Resources
Contemporary India II Chapter 03 Water Resources
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Water Resources
Contemporary India II Chapter 04 Agriculture
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Agriculture
Contemporary India II Chapter 05 Minerals and Energy Resources
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Minerals and Energy Resources
Contemporary India II Chapter 06 Manufacturing Industries
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Manufacturing Industries
Contemporary India II Chapter 07 Lifelines of National Economy
NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Lifelines of National Economy
Democratic Politics II Chapter 01 Power Sharing
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Power Sharing
Democratic Politics II Chapter 02 Federalism
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Federalism
Democratic Politics II Chapter 03 Democracy and Diversity
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Democracy and Diversity
Democratic Politics II Chapter 04 Gender Religion and Caste
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Gender Religion and Caste
Democratic Politics II Chapter 05 Popular Struggles and Movements
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Popular Struggles and Movements
Democratic Politics II Chapter 06 Political Parties
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Political Parties
Democratic Politics II Chapter 07 Outcomes of Democracy
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Outcomes of Democracy
Democratic Politics II Chapter 08 Challenges to Democracy
NCERT Class 10 Political Science Challenges to Democracy
India and Contemporary World II Chapter 01 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
NCERT Class 10 History The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
India and Contemporary World II Chapter 02 Nationalism in India
NCERT Class 10 History Nationalism in India
India and Contemporary World II Chapter 03 The Making of a Global World
NCERT Class 10 History The Making of a Global World
India and Contemporary World II Chapter 04 The Age of Industrialisation
NCERT Class 10 History The Age of Industrialisation
Old Chapters
NCERT Class 10 History Before the Industrial Revolution
NCERT Class 10 History Characteristics of the City
NCERT Class 10 History Cities and the Challenge of the Environment
NCERT Class 10 History Differing Strands within the Movement
NCERT Class 10 History Emerging from the Shadow of China
NCERT Class 10 History Factories Come Up
NCERT Class 10 History Hand Labour and Steam Power
NCERT Class 10 History Hygiene Disease and Everyday Resistance
NCERT Class 10 History India and the World of Print
NCERT Class 10 History Industrialisation in the Colonies
NCERT Class 10 History Market for Goods
NCERT Class 10 History Nationalism and Imperialism
NCERT Class 10 History New Forms of Publication
NCERT Class 10 History Novels in the Colonial World
NCERT Class 10 History Politics in the City
NCERT Class 10 History Print and Censorship
NCERT Class 10 History Print Comes to Europe
NCERT Class 10 History Rebuilding a World Economy
NCERT Class 10 History Religion and Anti colonialism
NCERT Class 10 History Religious Reform and Public Debates
NCERT Class 10 History Social Change in the City
NCERT Class 10 History The Age of Revolutions 1830 1848
NCERT Class 10 History The City in Colonial India
NCERT Class 10 History The Communist Movement
NCERT Class 10 History The Dilemma of Colonial Education
NCERT Class 10 History The End of the War
NCERT Class 10 History The First Printed Books
NCERT Class 10 History The First World War
NCERT Class 10 History The Inter war Economy
NCERT Class 10 History The Making of Germany and Italy
NCERT Class 10 History The Making of Nationalism in Europe
NCERT Class 10 History The Nation and Its Heroes
NCERT Class 10 History The Nation and its History
NCERT Class 10 History The Nationalist Movement in Indo China
NCERT Class 10 History The Nineteenth Century
NCERT Class 10 History The Nineteenth Century1
NCERT Class 10 History The Novel Comes to India
NCERT Class 10 History The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
NCERT Class 10 History The Print Revolution and Its Impact
NCERT Class 10 History The Reading Mania
NCERT Class 10 History The Rise of the Novel
NCERT Class 10 History The Sense of Collective Belonging
NCERT Class 10 History The Vision of Modernisation
NCERT Class 10 History Towards Civil Disobedience
NCERT Class 10 History Visualising the Nation
NCERT Class 10 History Women and the Novel
Understanding Economic Development Chapter 01 Development
NCERT Class 10 Economics Development
Understanding Economic Development Chapter 02 Sectors of the Indian Economy
NCERT Class 10 Economics Sectors Of The Indian Economy
Understanding Economic Development Chapter 03 Money and Credit
NCERT Class 10 Economics Money And Credit
Understanding Economic Development Chapter 04 Globalisation and the Indian Economy
NCERT Class 10 Economics Globalisation And The Indian Economy
Understanding Economic Development Chapter 05 Consumer Rights
NCERT Class 10 Economics Consumer Rights

Social Science NCERT Book Class 10 Characteristics Of The City

The above NCERT Books for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Characteristics Of The City Social Science Class 10 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Characteristics Of The City NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 10 Social Science are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 10 Characteristics Of The City book for Social Science also includes collection of question. We have also provided NCERT solutions for Class 10 Social Science which have been developed by teachers of StudiesToday.com after thorough review of the latest book and based on pattern of questions in upcoming exams for Class 10 students.

NCERT Book Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City

The latest NCERT book for Characteristics Of The City pdf have been published by NCERT based on the latest research done for each topic which has to be taught to students in all classes. The books for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City are designed to enhance the overall understanding of students. All Class 10 NCERT textbooks have been written in an easy to understand language which will help to enhance the overall level of Class 10 students. 

Characteristics Of The City NCERT Book Class 10 Social Science

As the students of Class 10 need the books for their regular studies, we have provided all NCERT book for Characteristics Of The City in pdf here for free download. All pdf NCERT books available here for Class 10 will help them to read on their mobile or computers. They can take a print of the Class 10 Social Science NCERT Book Characteristics Of The City pdf easily and use them for studies. The NCERT textbooks for Class 10 Social Science have been provided chapter-wise and can be downloaded for free of cost. 

Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City NCERT Book

Along with Social Science Class 10 NCERT Book in Pdf for Characteristics Of The City we have provided all NCERT Books in English Medium for Class 10 which will be really helpful for students who have opted for english language as a medium. Class 10 students will need their books in English so we have provided them here for all subjects in Class 10.

Class 10 Characteristics Of The City NCERT Book Social Science

For Class 10 Characteristics Of The City we have provided books for students who have opted for Hindi and Urdu medium too. You can click on the links provided above to download all Hindi medium Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City book in easy to read pdf format. These books will help Class 10 Social Science students to understand all topics and also strictly follow latest syllabus for their studies. If you are looking to download the pdf version of Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City textbook issued by NCERT then you have come to the correct website

Where can I download latest NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City

You can download the NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City for latest session from StudiesToday.com

Can I download the NCERT Books of Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City in Pdf

Yes, you can click on the link above and download chapter wise NCERT Books in PDFs for Class 10 for Social Science Characteristics Of The City

Are the Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City NCERT Book available for the latest session

Yes, the NCERT Book issued for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City have been made available here for latest academic session

How can I download the Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City NCERT Book

You can easily access the link above and download the Class 10 NCERT Books Social Science Characteristics Of The City for each chapter

Is there any charge for the NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City

There is no charge for the NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City you can download everything free

How can I improve my scores by reading NCERT Book in Class 10 Social Science Characteristics Of The City

Regular revision of NCERT Books given on studiestoday for Class 10 subject Social Science Characteristics Of The City can help you to score better marks in exams