NCERT Class 10 Economics Contemporary India Agriculture

Fill in the blanks:

Question. India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after .....................
Answer. China

Question. ................. is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.
Answer. India

Question. ................. crops are sown in winter and harvested in summer
Answer. Rabi

Question. Choose the correct match-
(a) Kharif crop ........................ paddy and maize
(b) Rabi crop ........................... muskmelon and cucumber
(c) Zaid crop ............................ gram and mustard
Answer. A

Question. In the question given below,there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Mark your answer as per the codes provided below :
(A) Biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
(R) Doses of biochemical inputs are used to grow crops rapidly.
Options :
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer. A

Question. In the question given below,there are two statements marked as Assertion
(A) and Reason (R).Mark your answer as per the codes provided below :
(A) Tea cultivation is a labour - intensive industry.
(R) Cultivation can be done throughout the year. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost free climate.
Options:
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of
(2) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of
(3) A is true but R is False.
(4) A is false but R is true.
Answer. B

Short/Long Answer Type Questios 

Question. What are the Geographical conditions required for sugarcane growth.Name the major areas of its production.
Answer. (a) India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil.
(b) Climate: It grows well in hot and humid climate.
(c) Soil Type: it can be grown well on a variety of soils.
(d) Temperature: Temperature requirement is 21°C to 27°C .
(e) Rainfall: Annual rainfall between 75cm and 100 cm.
(f) The major sugarcane producing states are uttar pradesh,maharashtra, karnataka, tamil nadu.

Question. Why the growth rate in agriculture has been decreasing day by day.
Give reasons.
Answer. (a) Indian farmers are facing a challenge from international competition.
(b) The cost of production inputs is increasing day by day.
(c) Reduction in public investment in agricultural sector especially irrigation power, rural, roads, market, etc.
(d) The pressure of WTO on the Indian government to remove the subsidies given to the farmers.
(e) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.

Question. What is the importance of agriculture in Indian economy?
Answer. (a) India is an agricultural country.
(b) Nearly two-thirds of its population depends directly on agriculture for its livelihood.
(c) Agriculture is the main stay of India's economy.
(d) It accounts for 26% of the gross domestic product.
(e) It ensures food security for the country and produces several raw materials for industries.

Question. Name three features of Indian agriculture.
Answer. (a) Farmers own small piece of land and grow crops primarily for their own consumption,
(b) Animals play a significant role in the various kinds of agricultural activities.
(c) Farmers depend mainly upon monsoon rains.

Question. What is plantation agriculture?
Answer. (a) It is a single crop farming of rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, coconut and fruits
(b) It is capital intensive and demands good managerial ability, technical know-how, sophisticated machinery, fertilizers, irrigation and transport facilities.
(c) developed in hilly areas of north- eastern India, sub-Himalayan,West Bengal and in Nilgiri, Anamalai in peninsular India

Question. Distinguish between: Rabi and Kharif Crops.
Answer. 

Question. Write any five ways of agricultural reforms in India?
Answer. (a) Direct help to farmers, subsidy in account
(b) Easy and cheap loan to farmers
(c) Easy accessibility of water and electricity
(d) Crop insurance to protect from flood, drought, cyclone and fire
(e) Minimum support price (MSP), Gramin Bank, Kissan Credit Card
(f) Special weather bulletins
(g) Laws of land reforms implemented

Question. Describe the four negative impacts of green revolution on Indian Agriculture.
Answer. (a) Land degradation due to overuse of chemicals
(b) Lowering the ground water level due to over irrigation
(c) Vanishing Bio-diversity
(d) Difference between rich and poor farmers is increasing

Question. Distinguish between intensive subsistence farming and commercial farming.
Answer.
 Intensive Subsistence                             Commercial Farming
Farming
1. Small land holdings and limited             1. Big land holdings
land
2. Traditional techniques and tools,           2. Modern techniques and tools
Ex-hoe.dao,digging sticks
3. Production for the local market             3. Production for the export
4. Two or three crops in a year                 4. Focus on a single crop
5. Mainly concern to livelihood                  5. mainly concern to trade. Exand
production of food crops.                              sugarcane.tea, coffee
Ex-paddy,wheat

Question. Describe the impact of globlisation on indian agriculture.
Answer. (1) The Indian farmers might have to force much unstable prices for these products fluctuated largely on year-to-year basis.
(2) The impact of trade liberalization on the prices of agricultural products at international level and domestic level depend on what policies other countries follow .
(3) Export of major agriculture commodities have been liberalised.
(4) Major transformation took place with the introduction of high-yielding varieties of crops .
(5) This innovation , coupled with investments in infrastructure, expansion of credit marketing and processing facilities led to a significant increase in the use of modern inputs.

Source Based Questions 

Read the following passage and answer the questions at the end.

Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean. Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradeshjelangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Recently,paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana. In states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.

Question. When is the Kharif crop sown?
Answer. with the onset of monsoon

Question. What are the main kharif crops?
Answer. paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad etc.

Question. In which Indian states, three crops of paddy are sown in a year?
Answer. Assam, West Bengal and Odisha

Question. Which are the major rice producing regions in India?
Answer. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh, Biharjelangana,Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra,