CBSE Class 12 Biology Human Reproductive Health Question Bank

Question. Name the technique to know the genetic disorders in the foetus .
Answer. Amniocentesis

Question. What is MTP?
Answer. Medical termination of pregnancy

Answer.Question. List one drawback of surgical methods of birth control.
Answer. Poor reversibility

Question. Which period of pregnancy is safer for MTP?
Answer. First trimester

Question. What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
Answer. Avoid multiple partners , early detection

Question. Explain the technique amniocentesis .How is this technique misused?
Answer. Foetal sex determination based on chromosomal pattern in the  amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo , female foeticide

Question.Describe the three different practices under natural methods of birth control.
Answer. Periodic abstinence , withdrawal , lactational amenorrhea

Question. What are barrier methods of birth control? Explain.
Answer. Prevent physical meeting of sperm and egg condoms in males , diaphragms, cervical caps vaults in females , spermicidal creams , jellies foams

Question. Expand IUDs. Explain the various methods of IUDs.
Answer.  Intra uterine devies , non- medicated , Cu releasing , hormone releasing 

Question. What is sterilization? Explain the various methods.
Answer. Surgical method , vasectomy in males- vas deferens cut / tied , tubectomy in females fallopian tube cut/ tied

Question. How do oral contraceptives function? What is the advantage of Saheli?
Answer. Progestogen or progestogen – estrogen combination 21 days ,inhibit 1+1+1 ovulation implantation , alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/ retard the entry of sperms saheli – non steroidal once a week pill

Question. What is an ideal contraceptive for women and explain its contraceptive role?
Answer. IUDs . increase phagocytosis , suppress sperm motility fertilizing capacity 1 x 3 of sperm uterus unsuitable for implantation cervix hostile to sperms

Question. How do the natural, barriers, IUD's, Oral pills and Surgical methods help in Contraception?
Explain.
Answer. Natural -avoiding chances of ovum sperm meeting ,barrier –prevent 1 x 5 ovum sperm meeting , IUD – phagocytosisi,pills – inhibit ovulation , surgical prevent gamete transfer

Question. What is STD? List out the various STD's .How is it transmitted? What are its symptoms? What are the complications the STD could lead to?
Answer. Sexually transmitted diseases VD RTI Gonorrhoea syphilis genital herpes etc , sharing injection needles trans fusion of blood etc itching fulid discharge slight pain swellings ,PID abortions still births ectopic pregnancy infertility

Question. Explain the various methods of Assisted Reproductive Technologies.
Answer. IVF , ET, Test tube baby programme , ZIFT/, IUT/ ,GIFT/, ICSI/,IUI 

Question. Expand RCH,CDRI,MMR,IMR,AIDS,VD,RTI,IUT,IUI,AI,IVF,STD,MTP,IUD,ZIFT,GIFT,ART,ICSI ,PID.
Answer. Reproductive and child health care programme ,Central drug research institute ,Matrenal mortality rate , infant mortality rate ,Acquired immune deficiency syndrome , veneral disease,Reproductive tract infection ,Intra uterine transfer , intra uterine insemination ,Artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , Sexually transmitted diseases , medical termination of pregnancy,Intra uterine devices ,Zygote intra fallopian transfer, gamete intra fallopian transfer, assisted reproductive technology , Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection Pelvic inflammatory diseases

Question. Mrs. X was blamed for being childless though the problem was due to low sperm counts in the ejaculates of her husband. Suggest a technique which could help the couple to have a child.
Answer. IVF and its detail process and importance.

Question. Why is ZIFT a boon to childless couples?
Explain the procedure. 
Answer : ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer) is a boon to childless couples as it helps them to become parents. In this technique, ova from wife/donor female and sperms from husband/donor male are induced to form zygote in laboratory. Zygote is allowed to divide upto 8 blastomeres stage and it is at this stage, a zygote or early embryo is transferred into the Fallopian tube. Implantation takes place in the uterus where further development takes place.

Question. State any four methods to overcome infertility in human couples. 
Answer : Following are the four methods to overcome infertility problems in human couples :
(i) Test tube baby programme : In this method, the fusion of ovum and sperm is done outside the body of a woman (in vitro fertilisation), to form zygote which is allowed to divide to form embryo. The embryo is then implanted in the uterus where it develops into a foetus and then into the child.
(ii) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) : In this technique, embryo is formed in the laboratory by directly injecting the sperm into the ovum followed by embryo transfer.
(iii) Artificial Insemination Technique (AIT) : Semen (containing sperms) from husband or donor is artificially introduced into vagina or uterus (IUI). (iv) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) : Sperm and unfertilised ova are transferred into the Fallopian tube of the female to complete fertilisation and further development.

Question. A large number of married couples over the world are childless. It is shocking to know that in India the female partner is often blamed for the couple being childless.
(a) Why in your opinion the female partner is often blamed for such situations in India? Mention any two values that you as a biology student can promote to check this social evil. (b) State any two reasons responsible for the cause of infertility.
(c) Suggest a technique that can help the couple to have a child where the problem is with male partner. 
Answer : (a) There is a common myth prevailing in our society that inability of a couple to have child is due to the infertility of female partner only, it is because female carries the child in her womb. Being a biology student we should create awareness among people that both male and female partners equally contribute for having a child. This is because baby is formed from zygote that is formed by fusion of both male and female gametes. Hence, infertility in either male or female can be responsible for inability to have child. Infertility in both males and females can be easily cured as there are so many specialised infertility clinics which provide treatments to childless couples. In case treatment is not possible, the couples can be assisted to have children through certain special techniques called the assisted reproductive technologies.
(b) Infertility can be due to following reasons:
(i) Infertility in males can be due to low sperm count, blockage of vasa deferentia and vasa efferentia affecting sperm transport, hormonal deficiency, impotency (inability to erect and penetrate penis into vagina of female) and presence of anti-sperm antibodies in semen.
(ii) Infertility in females can be due to ovulation disorders, abnormality in uterus, blockage or damage to Fallopian tubes, chronic endometritis, fibroid in uterus, etc.
(c) If the problem is with a male partner then artificial insemination technique can be adopted. In this technique the sperms collected either from the husband or a healthy donor are artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI-Intra- Uterine Insemination) of the female.

Question. Your school has been selected by the Department of Education to organise and host an interschool seminar on “Reproductive Health-Problems and Practices”. However, many parents are reluctant to permit their wards to attend it. Their argument is that the topic is “too embarrassing”. Put forth four arguments with appropriate reasons and explanation to justify the topic to be very essential and timely.
Answer : Parents should encourage their children to attend such seminar as they will get right information regarding myths and misconceptions about sex-related aspects. Following are the four points to justify this topic to be essential:
(i) Awareness of problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex abuse and sex-related crimes, etc. need to be created so that children should think and take up necessary steps to prevent them and thereby build up a reproductively healthy society.
(ii) Large group of school students comprises of adolescents who have attained puberty, therefore, these seminars are necessar y to provide medical help and care for reproduction related problems like menstrual problems, infertility, pregnanc y, deliver y, contraception, abortions, etc.
(iii) Knowledge about sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential as children should be aware that unprotected sex with multiple partners results in the transmission of sex-related problems.
(iv) Increasing population is a major problem of India which is directly related with reproductive health. Children should be aware of family planning programmes such as reproductive and child health care (RCH) programmes.

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