NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

Question. Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called groups.
Answer. sectional interest

Question. Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
A. Pressure groups are the organised expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues. C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) A,B and C         
(b) A and B              
(c) B and C            
(d) A and C       
Answer. (b) A and B

Question. Write a brief note on the Narmada Bachao Movement.
Solution: Narmada Bachao Andolan in India was an Issue-specific movement. The specific issue of this movement was the displacement of the people by the creation of the Sardar Sarovar dam on the Narmada river. Its objective was to stop the dam from being constructed. It gradually became a wider movement that Questioned all such big dams and the model of development that required such dams.

Question. Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Oaf, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005.
In this example, what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?

Answer. • In the above example, the relationship between political parties and pressure groups is indirect. In such a relationship, political parties and pressure groups have entirely opposing views.
• Here, all political parties were indifferent to the sentiment that Mewat should become a separate district.
• It was only because of the pressure built by pressure groups that major political parties like the Congress and Indian National Lok Dal started supporting the cause.
• In some other instances, the relationship between pressure groups and political parties is direct. For example, most students' unions and trade unions in India are affiliated to one political party or the other.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Assertion-Reason Questions

The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Question. Assertion (A) : Democracy evolves through popular struggles.
Reason (R) : It is possible that some significant decisions may take place through consensus and may not involve any conflict at all.
Answer. A

Question. Assertion (A) : In most cases the relationship between parties and interest or movement groups is not so direct.
Reason (R) : As in the case of interest groups, the groups involved with movements also include a very wide variety.
Answer. B

Question. Assertion (A) : BAMCEF (Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation) is an organisation largely made up of government employees that campaigns against caste discrimination.
Reason (R) : It addresses the problems of its members who do not suffer discrimination.
Answer. C

Question. Assertion (A) : Usually interest groups seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group of society.
Reason (R) : Trade unions, business associations and professional (lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc.) bodies are some examples of this type.
Answer. A

Question. Assertion (A) : The struggle in Nepal was called a movement for democracy.
Reason (R) : Like an interest group, a movement does not attempts to influence politics rather than directly take part in electoral competition.
Answer. C

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Very Short Answer Questions

Question. Distinguish between pressure groups and political parties by stating any one point of distinction. 
Answer. Pressure groups do not aim to directly control or share political power but political parties directly control and share political power.

Question. Name any two sectional interest groups. 
Answer. (i) Trade Union
(ii) Business Association

Question. When did extraordinary popular movement begin in Nepal?
Answer. In April 2006.

Question. What was the aim of popular movement of Nepal?
Answer. Restoring democracy.

Question. Who was the constitutional Monarch of Nepal?
Answer. King Birendra.

Question. Differentiate between ‘Sectional interest groups’ and ‘Public interest groups’. 
Answer. Sectional interest groups seek to promote the interest of a particular section. Public interest groups promote collective rather than selective good.

Question. Where is Bolivia located?
Answer. Bolivia is a poor country located in Latin America (South America).

Question. What was ‘FEDECOR’?
OR
What was the main role of ‘FEDECOR’ organisation in Bolivia?
Answer. It was an organisation formed by an alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders who organised a successful four day general strike in Bolivia against MNC for water privatisation.

Question. Name any one political party of India which grew out of a movement.
Answer. Political party in India which grew out of a movement is : Asom Gana Parishad

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Short Answer Questions

Question. “Popular struggles are integral to the working democracy.” Explain the statement in the light of Bolivia’s struggle against privatisation of water. 
Answer. The world bank pressurized the government to give up its control of municipal water supply. The government sold these rights to a Multinational company for the city of cocha bamba. The company immediately increased the price of water by four times. This led to a spontaneous popular protest. The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates. This came to be known as Bolivia’s water war. In January 2000 a new alliance of labour, human rights and community leaders joined a four day political strike in the city. The government agreed to negotiate and the strike was called off. Nothing happened and so they protested again though they were brutally suppressed. Another strike took place in april and the government imposed the martial law. The power of the people forced the officials of the MNC to flee the city and made the government to concede to all the demands of the protestors.

Question. How are issue specific movements different from generic movements?
Answer. Difference between issue specific and generic movements:
(i) Issue specific movements seek to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame, while generic movements seek to achieve a broad goal in the long term.
(ii) Issue specific movements tend to have a clear leadership and some organisation. But their active life is usually short.
(iii) Generic movements share a broad objective and have a similar approach. Sometimes, these broad movements have a loose umbrella organisation as well.

Question. What were the three main demands of the protestors in Nepal?
Answer. (i) Restoration of Parliament.
(ii) Power to an all-party government.
(iii) A new constituent Assembly.

Question. How do pressure groups and movements influence politics?
Answer. Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways:
- They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information campaigns, organising meetings, file petitions, etc. Most of these groups try to influence the media to give attention to these issues.
- They often organise protests like strikes or disrupting programmes. Workers’ organisations, employees’ associations and most of the movement groups often resort to these tactics in order to force the government to take note of their demands.
- Some persons from pressure groups or movement groups may participate in official bodies and committees that offer advice to the government.

Question. How were the movements of Nepal and Bolivia water war different from each other?
OR
Differentiate between Nepal’s movement and Bolivia’s popular struggle. 
Answer.  The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected democratic government.
- The popular struggle in Bolivia was about one specific policy, while the struggle in Nepal was about the foundations of the country’s politics.
- Both these struggles were successful but their impact was at different levels.

Question. “The struggle of the Nepali people is a source of inspiration to democrats all over the world.” Support the statement.
Answer. (i) Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2006. The movement aimed at restoring democracy.
(ii) All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and called for a five day strike in Kathmandu.
(iii) On the last day of the ultimatum, the King was forced to concede to all the demands of the SPA.
With the result an interim government was formed, becoming a source of inspiration to democrats all over the world.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Long Answer Questions 

Question. Which organisation contributed in the protest against water privatisation in Bolivia?
OR
“Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in different ways.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
OR
Analyse any five ways by which ‘pressure groups’ can exert influence on politics.
OR
How do pressure groups and movements strengthen democracy ? Explain. 
OR
How do the pressure groups and movements influence politics? Explain with examples.
Answer. The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was not led by any political party. It was led by FEDECOR.
- This organisation comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists.
- They were supported by a federation of farmers who relied on irrigation, middle class students, confederation of factory workers’ unions and the city’s growing population of the homeless street children.
- Most of these groups try to influence the media.
- Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsor expensive advertisements.
- Business groups often employ professional lobbyists.
- Some pressure groups formed and led by the leaders of political parties.
- Some political parties grow out of movements.

Question. How did organisations in a democracy mobilise movements? Give examples.
Answer. Nepal:
- In Nepal, the struggle involved many organisations other than political parties. All the major labour unions and their federations joined this movement.
- Many other organisations like the organisation of the indigenous people, teachers, lawyers and human rights groups extended support to the movement. Bolivia:
- The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was not led by any political party but by an organisation called FEDECOR.
- This organisation comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists.
- They were supported by a federation of farmers, the confederation of factory workers’ unions, middle class students from the University of Cochabamba and the city’s growing population of homeless street children.
So, from both these examples, we can conclude that in a democracy, several different kinds of organisations work behind any big struggle.

Question. How are ‘movements’ different from interest groups ? Explain with examples.
Answer. Difference between interest groups and movements:
(i) Interest groups do not have a loose organisation whereas Movements have a loose organisation.
(ii) Decision making of interest groups is formal whereas decision making of movements is informal and flexible.
(iii) They do not depend so much on spontaneous mass participation and formed by people with a common interest and occupation. Movements depend much more on spontaneous mass participation.
(vi) Interest groups seek to promote the interest of a particular section or a group of society such as, trade unions/business association doctor etc. Whereas, the movements groups are issue specific that seek to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame such as the Nepalese movement for democracy/ Narmada Bachao Andolan etc.
(v) Interest groups promote collective rather than selective good such as BAMCEF(Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation) whereas the movement groups are
more general or generic movement that seek to achieve a broad goal in the very long term such as women’s movement.
(vi) Interest groups represent some common or general interest that needs to be defended such as FEDECOR whereas movement group are long term and involve more than one issue such as environmental movement.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Source-based Question

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2006. The movement was aimed at restoring democracy. Nepal, you might recall, was one of the ‘third wave’ countries that had won democracy in 1990. Although the king formally remained the head of the state, the real power was exercised by popularly elected representatives. King Birendra, who has accepted this transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, was killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family in 2001. King Gyanendra, the new king of Nepal, was not prepared to accept democratic rule. He took advantage of the weakness and unpopularity of the democratically elected government. In February 2005, the king dismissed the then Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament. The movement of April 2006 was aimed at regaining popular control over the government from the king.

Question. When did Nepal initially won democracy?
Answer. In 1990.

Question. Which King accepted this transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy?
Answer. King Birendra

Question. When was the popularly elected Parliament was dissovled in Nepal?
Answer. 2006