NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste

Question. In India, seats are reserved for women in:
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State legislative assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Answer. (d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Question. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief  that:
A. One religion is superior to that of others.
B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community. D. State power  cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a )A,B,C  and D        
(b) A,B  and D         
(c) A and C         
(d) B and D      
Answer. (d) B and D

Question. Social divisions based on                    are peculiar to India.
Answer. Social divisions  based on caste  are peculiar to India.

Question. Match List  I with  List  II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

Answer. (b)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Assertion-Reason Questions 

The following questions consist of two statements — Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Question. Assertion (A) : Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children.
Reason (R) : This is reflected in a SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR in most families: women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc., and men do all the work outside the home.
Answer. A

Question. Assertion (A) : Earlier, only women were allowed to participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices.
Reason (R) : Gradually the gender issue was raised in politics.
Answer. D

Question. Assertion (A) : Women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for equal rights.
Reason (R) : There were agitations in one or two countries for the extension of voting rights to women.
Answer. C

Question. Assertion (A) : In our country, women still lag much behind men despite some improvement since Independence.
Reason (R) : Ours is still a maledominated, Matriarchal society.
Answer. C

Question. Assertion (A) : Gender division is an example that some form of social division needs to be expressed in politics.
Reason (R) : Women’s movement has argued that FAMILY LAWS of all religions discriminate against women.
Answer. B

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Very Short Answer Questions

Question. What is the role of Indian Constitution to remove caste system?
Answer. The Constitution of India prohibited any caste based discrimination.

Question. Does any one single caste get a clear majority of one single caste?
Answer. No, parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste.

Question. How are boys and girls brought up in India for the division of labour?
Answer. Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is house work and bringing up children.

Question. What is the proportion of women in legislature of India?
Answer. In India, the proportion of women in legislature has been very low.

Question. What is the proportion of women in India’s local bodies?
Answer. One third of the seats in local government bodies—in panchayats and municipalities are now reserved for women.

Question. What is Communal politics?
Answer. Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.

Question. What do you understand by secularism?
Answer. There is no official religion for the Indian state.

Question. What is occupational mobility?
Answer. Shift from one occupation to another, usually when a new generation takes up occupations other than practised by their ancestors.

Question. What does ‘Caste hierarchy’ mean?
Answer. It is a ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the ‘highest’ to the ‘lowest’ castes.

Question. How is sexual division of labour done in India?
Answer. In most families, women do all the work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc. and men do all the work outside the home.

Question. What do you understand by vote bank of a caste?
Answer. A large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Short Answer Questions 

Question. How can a relationship between religion and politics be established?
Answer. The relationship between religion and politics can be established by setting up the following constitutional provisions:
(i) There is no official religion. The Indian Constitution does not give special status to any religion.
(ii) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
(iii) At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to intervene in matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities.

Question. What factors matter in politics other than caste?
Answer. l The voters have strong attachment to political parties which is often stronger than their attachment to their caste or community.
- People within the same caste or community have different interests depending on their economic conditions.
- Rich and poor or men and women from the same caste often vote very differently. People’s assessment of the performance of the government and the popularity rating of the leaders matter and are often decisive in elections.

Question. What does ‘gender-division’ mean?
Answer. Gender division is a form of hierarchical social division seen everywhere, but rarely recognised in the study of politics. It tends to be understood as natural and unchangeable. However, it is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes.

Question. What does ‘feminist’ mean? What are feminist movements?
Answer. Feminist can be a woman or a man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.
Feminist movements aim at equal rights and opportunities for women and men. More radical women’s movements aimed at equality, both in personal and family life.

Question. Women still lag much behind men in India despite some improvements since independence.
Analyse the statement. 
OR
Women in India still face discrimination in various ways. Explain with examples.
Answer. In our country, women still lag much behind men despite some improvements since
Independence. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways :
(a) The literacy rate among women is only 54 percent as compared with 76 percent among men.
(b) Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. Girls are performing as well as boys in school. But they drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys education rather than spending equally on their sons and daughters.
(c) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian women works one hour more than an average man everyday.
(d) The Equal Wages Act provides that equal wages should be paid to equal work. However in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
(e) In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born. Such sex selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio.
(f) Women face harassment, exploitation and violence on the domestic front.

Question. What would happen if politics and religion go hand in hand?
Answer. 
- Gandhiji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics. What he meant by religion was not Hinduism or Islam but moral values that inform all religions. He believed that politics must be guided by the morals and ethics drawn from religion.
- Human rights group in one country has argued that most of the victims of communal riots in India are people from religious minorities. They have demanded that the government should protect religious minorities.
- Women’s movements have argued that ‘family laws’ of all religions discriminate against women. So they have demanded that the government should change these laws to make them more equitable.

Question. How are religious differences expressed in politics?
Answer. 
- A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community.
- Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism.
- Sometimes, communalism takes its most ugly form, in communal violence riots and massacres.

Question. What do you understand by ‘sexual division of labour’? Give some examples.
Answer. It is a system in which all work inside the home is either done by the women of the family, or organised by them through the domestic helpers.
It is reflected in most of the families. Women do all the work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc. and men do all the work outside the home.
It is not that men cannot do housework; they simply think that it is for women to attend to these things.
In villages, women fetch water, collect fuel and work in the field.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Long Answer Questions 

Question. “The problem begins when religion is seen as the basis of nation.” Explain the statement with an example.
Answer. When religion becomes the basis of nation, it becomes communalism. When people of one religion consider themselves as superior to other religions, the problem of communalism erupts. This problem of communalism takes another sharp turn when it gets mixed with politics. The state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the other religion. The manner in which religion is used in politics is called ‘communal politics’. Sometimes people also use politics to express their needs, interests as members of a particular religious community.

Question. What is communal politics? How is it preferred?
Answer. Communal Politics: It is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community. Communalism involves thinking that the followers of a particular religion must belong to one community. Their fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. It also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community. If the followers of different religions have some commonalities, these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different and involve a conflict.

Question. How is caste preferred in politics?
Answer. (i) No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste.
So every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections.
(ii) No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community. When people say that a caste is a ‘vote bank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party.
(iii) Many political parties may put up candidates from the same caste. Some voters have more than one candidate from their caste while many voters have no candidate from their caste.
(iv) The ruling party and the sitting MPs or MLAs frequently lose elections in a country. That would not have happened if all castes and communities were frozen in their political preferences.

Question. What changes can be seen in the caste system in modern India?
Answer. Partly due to social reformers and political leaders’ efforts and partly due to other socioeconomic changes, castes and caste system in modern India have undergone great changes.With economic development, large-scale urbanisation, growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down. Now most of the times, in urban areas, it does not matter much who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant. The Constitution of India prohibited any caste-based discrimination. If a person who lived a century ago were to return to India, he/she would be greatly surprised at the change that has come about in the country.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics for chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Source-based Question

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community. Communalism involves thinking along the following lines. The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community. Their fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. It also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the Family laws: Those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, etc. In our country, different family laws apply to followers of different religions. same social community. If the followers of different religion have some commonalities these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different and involve a conflict. In its extreme form communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation. Either, one of them has to dominate the rest or they have to form different nations.

Question. Communal politics is based on what idea?
Answer. Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.

Question. Can people who belong to different religions belong to same family laws?
Answer. No, they cannot.

Question.What does the extreme form of communalism leads to?
Answer. Extreme form communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation.