CBSE Class 10 Social Science HOTs Sectors of the Indian Economy

Question : Public Sector stands for :
(a) Most of the assets owned by big companies.
(b) Assets owned by Government.
(c) Most of the assets owned by a group of people.
(d) Most of the assets owned by an individual.
Answer : B

Question : Arrange the following in the correct sequences –
i. Ginning
ii. Cotton spinning
iii. Dyeing cotton fabric
iv. Growing cotton Options –
(a) iv-i-ii-iii
(b) i-iv-iii-ii
(c) iii-iv-i-ii
(d) iii-iv-ii-i
Answer : B

Question : Identify the difference between the organised and unorganised sectors.
(a) Employees in organised sector are mainly involved in agriculture and allied activities, while the employees in unorganized sector are mainly involved in manufacturing activities that take place with the help of equipment in factories.
(b) Firms in organised sector are registered by the government and have to follow certain norms of employment as set by the government, while the unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.
(c) Employees in organized sector are mainly self-employed, while the employees in unorganized sector are mainly employed in government or public sector jobs.
(d) In a country, the contribution of organized sector is minimal to the GDP, while the unorganized sector mainly supports the economic growth of a country.
Answer : B

Question : Read the bar graph given below and find out which sector, as compared to 1973-74, has seen maximum improvement in GDP contribution in the year 2013-2014.
Graph 1 : GDP by Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors. (944)
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) Equal growth of all sectors
Answer : A

Question : Which of the following refers to the intermediary good?
(a) Goods that are included in the estimation of GDP.
(b) Goods that are not used as raw material for production of other goods during a year.
(c) Goods that are used as raw material for the production of other goods during a year.
(d) Goods that are not resold by the firms to make profit during a year.
Answer : C

Question : Which of the following is another name for primary sector?
(a) Service sector
(b) Agriculture and related sector
(c) IT Sector
(d) Industrial sector
Answer : B

Graph 3 : Share of Sectors in Employment (%)
(a) Tertiary and Primary
(b) Primary and Primary
(c) Tertiary and Secondary
(d) Secondary and Primary
Answer : A

Question : Choose the incorrect option from the following :
       List I                List II
(a) Courier         (a) Tertiary Sector
(b) Fisherman    (b) Primary Sector
(c) Carpenter     (c) Primary Sector
(d) Banker         (d) Tertiary Sector
Answer : C

Question : Which of the following is a benefit of a tertiary sector?
(a) The activities of tertiary sector help in the development of primary and secondary sector.
(b) The tertiary sector helps in the production of goods by directly using natural resources.
(c) The individuals involved in tertiary sector use better quality seeds and manure to produce agricultural goods.
(d) The individuals involved in tertiary sector buys raw materials directly from farmers to convert them into final goods.
Answer : A

True / False

Question : The tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy. 
Answer : False

Question : The public sector plays an important role in the economy of India by creating and expanding infrastructure such as the construction of roads,bridges, railways, schools, hospitals, etc.
Answer : True

Question : The unorganised sector in urban areas constitutes casual workers especially in construction, trade and transport as well as the people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. (True/ False)
Answer : True

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable :

(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question : Assertion : Mohan is a shopkeeper who pays his taxes on time. He has employed two workers Rakesh and Raghu in his shop. He pays them well, however, none of the workers get any paid leaves in the year.
Reason : Rakesh and Raghu are employed in unorganized sector.
Answer : (a) If Rakesh and Raghu were employed in organized sector, they would receive benefits such as paid leaves, medical insurance and pension schemes from the employer. Mohan is not following labour laws as he does not provide any paid leave to his employees in the year.

Question : Assertion : An individual who manufacture flour from wheat is engaged in primary sector.
Reason : When some process of manufacturing is used the product is a part of secondary sector.
Answer : (d) An individual who manufactures flour from wheat is engaged in secondary sector as the products that are not manufactured directly from nature but require some manufacturing process are a part of secondary sector.

Question : Assertion : When calculating the total value of goods and services produced in a country, the value of all goods and services at each stage of production should be calculated. Reason : At each stage of production some value is added to a good or service, therefore, the value added at each stage of production is added to derive the total value of goods and services in an economy.
Answer : (d) When calculating the total value of goods and services produced in a country, the value of final goods and services is calculated. If we add the value of goods and services at each stage of production, we will get an inflated GDP as the same value would be included multiple times.

Question : Assertion : Reliance industries is a privately-owned firm.
Reason : Government is a major stakeholder in reliance industries.
Answer : (c) Reliance industry is a privately-owned firm as the assets and delivery of goods and services in Reliance is controlled by private individuals.

Question : Assertion : The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of service sector.
Reason : As the primary and secondary sectors develops, the demand for transport, storage structures, banks, insurance, etc., increases.
Answer : (a) As the primary and secondary sector develops the demand for the aforementioned tertiary activities increase. Not just the demand for mentioned services increases, but as individuals become better off, the demand for education, health services, professional training and communication also increase. Therefore, the development of primary and secondary sectors leads to the development of service or tertiary sector.

Question : Assertion : In India, the primary sector is the largest employer.
Reason : The demand for services has increased enormously.
Answer : (b) The primary sector remains the largest employer in India because not enough jobs were created in the secondary and tertiary sectors. However, the demand for services has increased owing to increase in demand for education, health, communication and transportation, development of agriculture sector, increase in level of income and development of information and technology sector.

Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows –

Source A – Organised and unorganised sectors Organised sector covers those enterprises where the terms of employment are regular and people have assured work. These are registered by the government and have to follow it rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act. Workers get several benefits from the employers like paid leave, pension etc. On the other hand, unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays etc.
Source B – Workers working in unorganised sector in rural areas Workers working in unorganised sector in the rural areas are like landless agricultural labourers, Small and marginal farmer and different artisans. They can be helped in many way. They should be given adequate facilities for timely delivery of seeds agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets.
Sources C – Workers Working in unorganised sector in urban areas In the urban areas, unorganised sector comprise mainly of workers in small scale industries, casual workers in construction trade and’ transport etc. Small scale industry needs government’s support for processing raw material and marketing of their output.

Question :  How can marginal farmers be helped in unorganised sector.
Answer : Marginal farmers can be helped by giving adequate facilities for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, Credit etc.

Question : Who are the people at work in the unorganised sector in the urban areas
Answer : Workers in small scale industries, casual workers in contributions, trade and transport etc are workers in urban areas in unorganised sector.

Question : Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view ? Give reason.
Answer : Yes, I do agree with the view that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector as this sector is largely outside the control of the government. Rules and regulations are not followed. Jobs are low paid and not regular. 

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

We must realise that some of the suggestions discussed above would take a long time to implement. For the short-term, we need some quick measures. Recognising this, the central government in India made a law implementing the Right to Work in about 625 districts of India. It is called Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
Under MGNREGA 2005, all those who are able to, and are in need of, work in rural areas are guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment allowances to the people. The types of work that would in future help to increase the production from land will be given preference under the Act.

Question : In how many districts Government in India has implemented the law for Right to Work.
(a) About 625 districts of India.
(b) About 600 districts of India.
(c) About 650 districts of India.
(d) About 675 districts of India.
Answer : (a) About 625 districts of India.

Question : Under MGNREGA 2005, how many days of employment are guaranteed by the government in rural areas.
(a) About 150 days
(b) About 100 days
(c) About 200 days
(d) About 250 days
Answer : (b) About 100 days.

Question : What is the full form of MGNREGA?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Growth Act
(b) Mahatma Gandhi National Role Employment Guarantee Act
(c) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(d) None of these
Answer : (c) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Question : What type of employment opportunities are provided under MGNREGA?
(a) Work that would in future help to increase the production from land.
(b) Work that would in future help to increase the production from industries.
(c) Work that would in future help to increase the infrastructure.
(d) None of these
Answer : (a) Work that would in future help to increase the production from land.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. The secondary sector in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process.

I) Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India?
Answer :Tertiary Sector

II) Life insurance is an activity of which sector?
Answer : Tertiary Sector

III) What is GDP?
Answer : The money value of all the final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
This sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes a large number of people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work. Similarly, farmers work on their own and hire labourers as and when they require.

I) Which sector are we talking about?
Answer : Unorganised sector

II) Which of the following is applicable for a worker, who works in the above-mentioned sector?
A. . She gets medical allowance
B. She got an appointment letter stating the terms and conditions of work when she joins work.
C. She gets a regular salary at the end of the month.
D. She is not paid for leave.
Answer : She is not paid for leave.

III) choose the correct meaning of the organised sector:
A. It covers those enterprises where the terms of employment are regular.
B. It is outside the control of the government.
C. Jobs are not regular
D. It provides low salaries.
Answer : It covers those enterprises where the terms of employment are regular.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question : Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
Answer :  A few examples of public sector activities are provision of water, electricity and some modes of transport. The government has taken these up because water and power are needed by everyone. If the work of providing electricity and water is left to private enterprises, the latter might exploit this opportunity and sell these at rates which the masses cannot afford.
Hence, to ensure that basic amenities like water and power are available for all, the government supplies these at low and affordable rates.

Question : The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues: wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
Answer :  The workers in the unorganised sector need protection:→ Wages: Labourers who are employed as repair person, vendor etc. do not have fixed income. They nearly manage to earn their living. They are not employed all through the year.

• Safety: Workers in unorganized sector are not provided with safe drinking water or clean environment. Eg., Working in mining, chemical industries is hazardous.
• Health: Leave not granted in case of sickness. Medical facilities are not offered, Eg., Construction workers.

Question : The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:

(i) Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 1950 and 2000.
(ii) Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.
(iii) What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?
Answer :
(i) In 1950,
primary sector = 57.97%, secondary sector = 13.77%, tertiary sector = 28.26% In 2000,
primary sector = 27.33%, secondary sector = 24.37%, tertiary sector = 48.30%
(ii) 

(iii) We can draw the conclusion that the share of the tertiary sector in the GDP has almost doubled, while that of the primary sector has almost halved. The secondary sector has grown by about 10% in the last five years.

Question : “There are several things needed by the society as a whole”. In the light of this statement explain as to who can provide them at a reasonable cost, the private or the public sector and why?
Answer : Reasons for this are:
1.Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profits and not welfare of the people.
2.There are several services needed by the society which the private sector cannot provide at a reasonable price. Activities like construction of roads, bridges, railways, irrigation through dams, etc., require huge amount of money which is beyond the capacity of the Private sector. Private sector charges high rates for the use of these services.
3.It is difficult for the Private sector to collect money from thousands of people who use these services.
4.The Private sector sometimes ignores regional balanced development, equality of income and development of basic industries.
5.Private sector charges include profit margins whereas the government will charge a reasonable price for services. It is the primary duty of the government to ensure the provision of public facilities with a service motto.

Question : Distinguish between Public sector and private sector.
Answer : 

Question :Study the graph given below and answer the following questions :
GDP by Primary, Secondary ,Tertiary Sector.

I. What does the comparison between 1973 and 2003 show ?
Answer :  The comparison between 1973 and 2003, show that over thirty years between 1973 and 2003, production in all the three sectors has increased.
----The production has increased the most in the tertiary sector.
-----The tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.

II. What conclusions can be drawn from the comparison ?
Answer :  ----The conclusions that can be drawn are as mentioned below
-----Tertiary sector has become the largest producing sector.
-----The primary sector i.e., agricultural sector’s share in the GDP has come down during
these thirty years.
-----The share of the tertiary sector in the GDP has increased and it is now maximum in 2003.

Question : Describe certain activities of public interest on which the government has to focus on priority basis.
Answer : Education, Health and Nutrition,Transportation ,Electricity

Question : Do you agree that agriculture is an activity of an unorganised sector in India? Give any four points.
Answer : In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises of landless agricultural labourers, small and marginal farmers, sharecroppers.Nearly 80 per cent of rural households in India are in small and marginal farmer category. It is an activity of an unorganised sector due to the following reasons:
i) No fixed working hours.
ii) No provident fund, gratuity.
iii) Job is low-paid and often not regular.
iv) Employment is not secure.

Question : How do we create more employment in the agricultural sector?
Answer : ---Loans could be given to farmers to dig wells to irrigate their land.
---Seeds and fertilizers could be subsidized.
---Dams can be built to irrigate dry areas.
---Transport facilities could be increased.
---Storage facilities could be provided.
---Industries and other service-related companies could be relocated in rural areas so that the underemployed people of the agricultural sector could find work.
---More schools could be started to educate the rural population to help them become employable, as underemployment is prevalent among farmers.

Question : “Economic activities, though grouped into three different categories’, are highly interdependent.” Discuss. Do you agree with the view that primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are dependent on each other?
Answer : Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are interdependent as mentioned below :
1.When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. It is primary because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently make.
2.The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms manually or by machines. For example wheat is used to manufacture bread. So there is mutual dependency between primary and secondary sectors.
3.The activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors fall under the tertiary sector. These activities by themselves do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. Transport, storage, communication and banking are some examples of tertiary activities.

Question : Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
Answer : I) Yes, classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary sector is useful as it helps in estimating the relative importance in the growth in GDP of the economy.
II) it helps in asserting that which sector contributes the most in the GDP and which sector has the scope to employ more people and increase the National Income.
III)It helps in calculating how much goods and services are produced and how many people work in each sector
IV) This type of classification helps in comparing the level of growth in different countries.

Question : How far is it correct to say that several services which cannot be provided by private sector, can be provided by the public sector? Explain.
Answer : (i) There are several things needed by the society as a whole like sanitation system, safe drinking water, education, etc. which the private sector will not provide at reasonable cost
(ii) There are some activities, which the government has to support. The private sector may not continue their production or business unless government encourages it. For example, selling electricity at the cost of generation may push up the costs of production of industries.
(iii) Similarly, the government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a ‘fair price.’ This it stores in its godowns and sells at a lower price to consumers through ration shops.

  

(a)  What is the percentage of people in the organized sector in agriculture? 

(b)  Do you agree that agriculture is an unorganized sector? why ? 

(c)  Why is the percentage of workers are more in the unorganized sectors? 

 

5.   There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government. Give two examples. 

6.   Service sector in India employ two different kinds of people? Who are these? 

7.   What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example In the urban and rural areas. 

8.   What do you mean by the term sectors? 

9.   Which sector includes production by exploiting natural resources? 

10.  Which sector has grown the most over 30 years? 

11.  Why are the workers in agricultural sector are under employed? 

12.  Why should we be worried about under employment? 

13  How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities? 

14.  Why the privet sector do not provide useful things at a reasonable price? 

15. Who under takes the mammoth task of measuring GDP?