CBSE Class 10 Geography HOTs Resources and Development

Summary

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development

Question. What is strip cropping?
Answer : Large fields divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.

Question. Write the two types of renewable resources.
Answer : Continuous and Biological resources

Question. How much degraded land is present in India?
Answer : 130 million hectare

Question. Why are the lower horizons of the soil occupied by Kankar?
Answer : Because of the increasing calcium contents downwards

Question. Name the soils which are well known for their capacity to hold moisture.
Answer : Black soils

Question. Name the nutrient in which black soils is poor?
Answer : Phosphoric contents

Question. Who wrote the book ‘Small is Beautiful’?
Answer : Schumacher

Question. Which region of India is known as Basalt region?
Answer : The Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau.

Question. By which name is the bad land known in Chambal basin?
Answer : Ravines

Question. Where was first international earth summit held?
Answer : Rio de Janeiro in Brazil

Question : Which soil types is made up of lava flows?
Answer :  Black soil

Question : Classify resources based on origin.
Answer :  Resources can be categorized on the basis of origin: Abiotic resources comprise non-living things (e.g., land, water, air and minerals). Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere. These have life such as humans, flora and fauna.

Question : Which soil type is the most widely spread and important soil in India?
Answer :  Alluvial soil 

Question : What are resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised called?
Answer :  Potential resources

Question : Give one difference between renewable and non-renewable resources.
Answer :  Renewable : Replenished by nature e.g., crops and plants. Non-renewable : Which get exhausted after years of use. e.g., crude oil.

Question : How is over irrigation responsible for land degradation in Punjab?
Answer : Over irrigation in Punjab causes the lowering in fertility rate of the soil because of water logging leading to increased salinity and alkalinity of the soil.

Question : In which states has mining caused severe land degradation?
Answer  Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.

Question : Give an example of non-renewable resources.
Answer : Coal/Minerals

Question : Highlights the reason for land being known as an utmost important natural resources.
Answer : Land is a resource of utmost importance due to following reasons: It’s a fixed factor of production and supports all economic activities. It also supports natural vegetation wildlife and various other resources.  

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Resources and Development

Question : Why is soil considered as a resource? Explain with five arguments.
Answer : (i) Soil is considered as a resource because it is used to satisfy our needs.
(ii) It is the most important renewable natural resource.
(iii) It is the medium of plant growth.
(iv) It supports different types of living organisms on the earth. 

Question. Why is conservation of energy sources essential in India? Give any three reasons.
Answer : 1. Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
2. India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world.
3. The economic development plans implemented since Independence necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational.
So there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. After all “energy saved is energy produced”.

Question. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer : The main techniques that can be used are given below.
1. Contour ploughing
2. Terrace farming
3. Strips of grass are allowed to grow between the crops. This method is known as strip cropping.

Question. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance ? Explain with four facts. Or “Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.” Elaborate the statement with the help of suitable examples highlighting the value of land resource.
Answer : Land is an important natural resource, because : (i)All economic activities are performed on land. (ii)It supports natural vegetation and wildlife. (iii)Most of the minerals are formed in land. (iv)It is used for transport and communication system

Question. Which soil is called ‘regur soil? Mention any four characteristics of this type of soil.
Answer : (i) These have been formed due to withering of lava. (if) The black soils are made of extremely fine materials, i.e., clayey materials. (iii)These soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime. (iv)These soils are generally poor in phosphoric content. (v)The soil is well known for its capacity to hold moisture.

Question. Explain the interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions.
Answer : a. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions.
b. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
c. Resources are the functions of activities.

Question. What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Answer : Biotic resource:
1. These are resources that are obtained from the biosphere
2. These resources have life
3. Examples are plants, animals, fish, human beings, livestock etc.
Abiotic resource:
1. These resources are composed of non-living things
2. Examples are water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.

Question. What type of relief covers most of India’s land? Explain.
Answer : a. India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.
b. About 43 per cent of land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
c. Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country and ensure perennial flow of rivers, provides facilities of tourism and ecological aspects.
D. About 27 per cent of the area of the country is plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

Question : What are the three stages of resource planning in India? Why is it essential to have resource planning?
Answer : Resource planning is a technique or skill for proper utilization of resources.
(a) As resources are limited, their planning is necessary so that we can use them properly and also save them for our future generation.
(b) Resources are not only limited but they are distributed over different parts of the country.
(c) Resource planning is also essential for production of resources and to protect them from over exploitation. 

Question : Suggest any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions.
Answer : Methods of soil conservation :
(i) Ploughing along the contour lines can decrease the speed of water flow down the slopes.
(ii) Step or terrace cultivation on slopes restricts erosion. Western and central Himalayas have welldeveloped terrace farming areas.
(iii) Strip cropping : Here large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind.
(iv) Shelter belt plantation : Trees are planted in rows. These shelter belts have led to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in stabilising the desert in western India. 

Question : 'Land is a natural resource of utmost importance'. Justify the statement with appropriate arguments.
Answer :  (i) We live on land, we perform our economic activities on land and we use it in different ways.
(ii) It supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, transports and communication system.
(iii) It is an asset of a finite magnitude. 

Question : Which geographical factors are responsible for the evolution of black soil? Why is it considered the most suitable for growing cotton?
Answer :  (i) Climatic conditions along with present rock material are important factors for making of black soil. The parent rock is volcanic rocks.
(ii) It is ideal for growing cotton because of the following reasons :
(a) It has capacity to hold moisture.
(b) It is rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate and potash.
(c) Deep cracks in the soil help in aeration. 

Question : Classify the resources on the basis of exhaustibility. State two characteristics of each. 
Answer :  Renewable Resources : Resources that can be replenished after a short period of time are called Renewable Resources. For example – agricultural crops, wind energy, water, forest, wildlife, etc. Non-renewable Resources : Resources which takes million years of time to replenish are called non-renewable resources. For example – fossil fuels. We must remember that some resources like metals are recyclable.  

Question : Enumerate any three features of "regur" soil.
Answer :  (i) Regur soil is also known as black soil.
(ii) It is ideal for growing cotton, so it is also known as "Black cotton soil".
(iii) It is made up of extremely fine clayey material.
(iv) It is rich in soil nutrients, calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
(v) It develops cracks in hot weather.
(vi) It can hold moisture and is sticky when wet.  

Question : "In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resource". Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with any three examples.
Answer :  Yes, there are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
(i) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
(ii) Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
(iii) Rajasthan is endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
(iv) Ladakh has rich cultural heritage but lacks in water resources and infrastructure. 

Question : Explain the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India. Explain three human activities responsible for soil erosion.
Answer :  (i) Two human activities which are responsible for the process of soil erosion are deforestation and overgrazing mining, construction, etc.
(ii) Types of soil Erosion :
(a) Gullies : The running water cuts through the clayey soil and makes deep channels/gullies. The unfit land caused by gullies is called bad land or ravines.
(b) Sheet erosion : Water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The top soil is washed away. This process is known as sheet erosion.

Question : How can you contribute to minimize the pollution? Explain. Soil as a Resource; Classification of Soils; Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation.
Answer : We can contribute to minimize pollution by :
(i) Planting more plants and trees.
(ii) Using non-conventional sources of energy such as solar and wind energy.
(iii) Using public transport instead of personal car motor bike etc.
(iv) Saving water and electricity.

Question : What are the three stages of resource planning in India?
Answer : (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country.
(ii) Evolving a planned structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Match the resource development plans with overall national development plans. 

Question : Describe any five distinct characteristics of 'Arid soils'.
Answer : (i) Arid soils range from red to brown in colour.
(ii) Sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) Evaporation from this soil is faster, soil lacks humus and moisture.
(iv) Soil occupied by Kankar.
(v) Kankar restricts the infiltration of water.

Question : Explain any three factors responsible for soil formation.
Answer : (i) The parent rock is the first factor which provides the basic material for the formation of soil.
(ii) Climate breaks the parent rock into small pieces.
(iii) Vegetation : Plant and animal organisms help in the weathering of the rocks slowly but continuously.
(iv) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc, contribute to the formation of soil.
(v) Chemical and organic changes take place in the soil.

Question : Describe any three measures of controlling land degradation.
Answer : (i) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help in controlling of land degradation.
(ii) Planting of shelter belts, control on overgrazing, stabilisation of sand dune by growing thorny bushes, are important ways.
(iii) Proper management of wastelands, control of mixing activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and sub-urban areas. These are some of the methods to check land degradation.

Question : What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give four main features of this type of soil.
Answer : Alluvial soil is found in the entire northern plain it is the most widely spread soil of India. Main features of alluvial soil :
(i) It is formed by the deposition of materials brought down by the himalayan rivers.
(ii) It is highly fertile.
(iii) It consists of various proportion of sand, silt and clay.
(iv) It is rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime but deficient in organic matter.