CBSE Class 10 Geography HOTs Minerals & Energy Resources

Please refer to CBSE Class 10 Geography HOTs Minerals & Energy Resources. Download HOTS questions and answers for Class 10 Social Science. Read CBSE Class 10 Social Science HOTs for Contemporary India II Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources below and download in pdf. High Order Thinking Skills questions come in exams for Social Science in Class 10 and if prepared properly can help you to score more marks. You can refer to more chapter wise Class 10 Social Science HOTS Questions with solutions and also get latest topic wise important study material as per NCERT book for Class 10 Social Science and all other subjects for free on Studiestoday designed as per latest CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and pattern for Class 10

Contemporary India II Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Social Science HOTS

Class 10 Social Science students should refer to the following high order thinking skills questions with answers for Contemporary India II Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources in Class 10. These HOTS questions with answers for Class 10 Social Science will come in exams and help you to score good marks

HOTS Questions Contemporary India II Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Social Science with Answers

Summary :

I. Mode of occurrence of Mineral :
Where are these minerals found.
Minerals are usually found in “Ores”. The term ore is described as accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements, it should have sufficient concentration to make its extraction viable. The type of formation or structure in which they are found determines their relative ease of mining and cost of extraction.
 
Minerals Generally Occur in These forms :
(i) In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called vein and the larger are called lodes. They are formed when minerals in liquid / molten & gaseous forms are forced upwards through cavities towards earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. They include tin, copper, Zinc, lead etc.
 
(ii) Sedimentary Rocks : No. of minerals occur in beds and layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration. of horizontal strata eg Gypsum, potash salt & sodium salt. They are formed as a result of evaporation in arid region.
 
(iii) Decomposition of Surface Rocks : Involves the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores eg. Bauxite.
 
(iv) Alluvial Deposits : Occur in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These are called ‘Placer deposits ‘ and are not corroded by water eg gold,silver, tin platinum.
 
(v) Ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals but most of these are too  widely diffused to be of economic significance, however common salt, magnesium & bromine are largely derived.
 
II. Major Iron Ore Belts in India :
1. Orissa Jharkand Belt : In Orissa high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar. In Jharkand haematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
 
2. Durg - Bastar - Chandrapur belt : Lies in chattisgarh and Maharashtra high grade hematitis are found in Bailadila range of hills in Chatisgarh.
 
3. Bellavy Chitradurga - Chikmaglur - Tumkur Belt : In Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. Kudermuch mines located in western Ghats of Karnataka and known to be one of the largest.
 
4. Maharashtra- Goa Belt : Includes state of Goa and Ratnagir district of Maharashtra. Although ores are not of very high quality yet they are efficiently exploited.
 
III. Conservation of Energy Resources :
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of national economy agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic needs inputs of energy. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt a caution approach for judicious use.
- Using public transport instead of individual.
Switching of electricity when not in use.
- Using power saving devices.
- Using non conventional sources of power.

 

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : What percentage of total minerals are utilized by us ?
(a) 0.1%
(b) 0.2%
(c) 0.3%
(d) 0.4%
Answer : C

Question : In which rocks are potash salt and sodium salt formed?
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Igneous rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks
(d) None of the above
Answer : A

Question : What occurs naturally inside the earth’s crust which has a definable internal structure ?
(a) Metals
(b) Minerals
(c) Chemicals
(d) Coal
Answer : B

Question : Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered materials?
(a) Coal
(b) Bauxite
(c) Gold
(d) Zinc
Answer : A

Question : Which one of the following is the hardest mineral?
(a) Gold
(b) Diamond
(c) Ruby
(d) Silver
Answer : B

Question : Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt is located in ......... .
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Karnataka
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer : B

Question : When mining is done by family members in the form of a long narrow tunnel it is known as ......
(a) Narrow tunnel mining
(b) Rat hole mining
(c) Snake mining
(d) Killer mining
Answer : B 

Question : Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal 
Answer : C 

Question : Which one of the following is not a property of copper?
(a) It is malleable.
(b) It is ductile.
(c) It is good conductor.
(d) It is hard. 
Answer : D 

Question : Which of the following is a famous metal?
(a) Manganese
(b) Bauxite
(c) Gold
(d) Mica 
Answer : A 

Question : The largest bauxite-producing state in India is ......... .
(a) Orissa
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Jharkhand 

Answer : A

Question : How many minerals are identified yet ?
(a) 1000
(b) Over 2000
(c) 3000
(d) Over 3000
Answer : B

Question : Common salt, magnesium and bromine are derived from _______________ .
(a) Sea
(b) Mountains
(c) Ocean water
(d) Rivers
Answer : C

Question : Which one of the following minerals is used to harden steel during its manufacturing?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Coking coal
(c) Manganese
(d) Limestone 
Answer :  C

Question : Oceanic tides can be used to generate ________ .
(a) electricity
(b) gas
(c) transport
(d) fuel
Answer : A
Explanation:
 Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams are built across inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. 
 
Question : What did Haban see in Guwahati and he think of them as houses? 
(a) shopping complex
(b) buildings
(c) buses and Trains
(d) multiplex
Answer : C
Explanation: Haban sees people getting into strange house like objects which move along the road. He also sees a “kitchen” dragging a number of house along with it. He is amazed and asked his father “Why don’t our houses move like the one we saw in Guwahati, Ba?” Ba replies, “These are not houses, they are buses and trains. Unlike our houses these are not made of bricks and stones, metal like iron and aluminum are used in making these.

 

True/False

Question : In India 60% of energy are obtained by commercial energy. 
Answer : True

Question : Biogas is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter.
Answer : True

 

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question : Assertion : Mining activity is often called a “Killer Industry”.
Reason : Mining helps in agriculture.
Answer : (c) Mining is a source a deforestation, high risk is involved, water sources get contaminated and mining doesn’t help in agriculture.

Question : Assertion : Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of India.
Reason : India is rich in good quality Iron ore.
Answer :Answer : (a) Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development. India is rich in good quality iron ores. Iron ore is exported largely from India, however the reason does not justify the assertion.

Question : Assertion : Conservation of Energy Resources is essential.
Reason : Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
Answer : (a) Energy saved is energy produced, the economic development plans were implemented since Independence necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational.

Question : Assertion : Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
Reason : Minerals have a universal use, they are used to manufacture everything we use in our day to day lives.
Answer : (a) Minerals are found in varied forms in nature. Even the food that we eat contains minerals. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.

Question : Assertion : Thermal power stations are located on or near the coal fields.
Reason : Coal is a bulky material, which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash. Hence, heavy industries and thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields.
Answer : (a) The reason justifies the assertion.

 

Read the extract and answer the questions that follows :

In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth‘s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes. In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated as result of long periods under great heat and pressure. Another group of sedimentary minerals include gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions. Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. Bauxite is formed this way. Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called ‘placer deposits' and generally contain minerals, which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are mosay.

Question : In which rocks the lodes and veins occur ?
Answer : Veins (smaller) and loades (bigger) are the cracks, crevices, faults and joints occurred in the igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Question : Which minerals are found in sedimentary rocks ? How are they formed ?
Answer : (i) Coal, gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt are found in the beds of sedimentary rocks.
(ii) Coal has been concentrated as a result of long periods under great heat and pressure where as gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions.

Question : What are ‘placer deposits‘ ?
Answer : (i) Placer deposits are alluvial deposits found in sands of valley floors and the base of hills.
(ii) They generally contain minerals, which are not corrorded by water.

 

Source/Extract Based Questions

We all appreciate the strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon mineral deposits and the substances manufactured from them. The total volume of workable mineral deposits is an insignificant fraction i.e. one per cent of the earth’s crust. We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be created and concentrated. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption. Mineral resources are, therefore, finite and nonrenewable. Rich mineral deposits are our country’s extremely valuable but short-lived possessions. Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with decrease in quality.

Question : The Mineral resources are _______ and _______.
(a) Unlimited and Valuable
(b) Limited and exhaustible
(c) Limited and In exhaustible
(d) Unlimited and exhaustible
Answer : (b) Limited and exhaustible

Question : Rich mineral deposits are our country’s extremely valuable possessions. Identify which category these minerals belong to: (Img 851)

Choose the correct option—
(a) 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
(b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
(c) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
(d) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d

Answer : (a) 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c

Question : Which of the following options is the reason for increasing price of minerals?
(a) Regular extraction
(b) Limited Availability
(c) Increasing extraction cost
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above

Question : Sustainable use of mineral resources depends upon_______.
(a) Latest technology
(b) Finding best alternatives
(c) Following 3 R formula
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above 

 

ASSERTION AND REASON DIRECTION :

In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as : (a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.

Question : Assertion : Increased use of fossil fuels creates a healthy environment.
Reason : Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are easily obtained from natural . resource.
Answer : D

Question : Assertion : Mining activity is often called a “Killer Industry”.
Reason : Mining helps in agriculture.
Answer : C

Question : Assertion : Natural gas is referred as an environment friendly fuel.
Reason : Natural gas contains low carbon dioxide emissions
Answer : A

Question : Assertion : Thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields
Reason : Coal is a bulky material, which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash. Hence, heavy industries and thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields.
Answer : A

Question : Assertion : Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of India.
Reason : India is rich in good quality Iron ore.
Answer : A

Question : Assertion : Conservation of Energy Resources is essential
Reason: Energy is a basic requirement for economic development
Answer : A

Question : Assertion: Mica is a metallic mineral.
Reason : Mica mineral is the basic raw material for cement industry
Answer : D

 

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?
Answer :  The use of cattle cake as fuel should be discouraged because it creates pollution. It consumes most valuable manure which could be used in agriculture.
 
Question : Which state of India is the largest producer of Bauxite?
Answer : Odisha is the largest producer of Bauxite in India.
 
Question : Which is the highest petroleum-producing area in India?
Answer : Mumbai High is the highest petroleum- producing area in India. 
 
Question : What are a constant threat to miners?
Answer : The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant threat to miners.
 
Question : Where are the Kudermukh mines located?
Answer : They are located in the western Ghats of Karnataka.

Question : Where is high grade hematite ore found in Orissa?
Answer : In Orissa high grade hematite ore is found in badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts.

Question : What are non-ferrous minerals? Give two examples.
Answer : The minerals which do not contain iron ore are called non-ferrous minerals.

Question : What are the Khetri mines in Rajasthan famous for?
Answer : The Khetri mines in Rajasthan are famous for copper production.

Question : How are bauxite deposits formed?
Answer : Bauxite deposits are formed by decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.

Question : Why is copper mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries?
Answer : Copper is malleable, ductile and a good conductor of electricity. Therefore, it is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.

Question : Define the term ‘Ore’.
Answer : The term ‘Ore’ is used to describe an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements.

Question : What is the main use of manganese?
Answer : Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.

Question : What are ferrous minerals? Give two examples.
Answer : The minerals which contain iron ore are called ferrous minerals.
Two examples — manganese, nickel.

Question : Which is the oldest oil producing state of ‘ India?
Answer : Assam.
 
Question : What are conventional sources of energy?
Answer : Conventional sources of energy generally nonrenewable sources of energy which have been in common use for a long time. Example: firewood, coal, natural gas, etc.
 
Question : Name any one nuclear power station found in India.
Answer : Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu. 

Question : Which are the two most common sources of energy in rural India?
Answer : Firewood and cattle dung cake are the two most common sources of energy in rural India.

Question : How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer :  In sedimentary rocks , minerals occur in beds and layers.

Question : How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your
Answer :  (i) India is a tropical country, therefore it receives sunlight in abundance throughout in rural and remote areas. (ii) Solar plant can be easily established in rural and remote areas. (iii) It will minimise the dependence of rural household on firewood and dung cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate quantity of manure.

Question : What are the two types occurrence of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks? 
Answer :  In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes.

Question : How is geo-thermal energy produced? Explain. 
Answer :  The Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth's surface it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.

Question : Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged? 
Answer :  (a) It creates pollution (b) By burning a manure resource is destroyed, which can improve soil fertility.

Question : How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru? 
Answer : Iron ore is transported as slurry through pipelines.

Question : Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals? 
Answer : The varied colours found in minerals are due to its chemical composition, and the parameters such as temperature, pressure, rate of cooling etc., present during its formation.

Question : Name the key users of natural gas.
Answer : The power and fertiliser industries are the key users of natural gas.

Question : How is hydro-electricity generated?
Answer : Hydro-electricity is generated by fast flowing water.

Question : What types of minerals are mainly obtained from veins and lodes? 
Answer : Major metallic minerals like Zinc and tin are mainly obtained from Veins and Lodes. 
 
Question : How do the geologists define minerals? 
Answer : According to the geologists, minerals are homogeneous, naturally occuring substance with a definable internal structure.
 
 

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : Can you illustrate some suggestions to conserve minerals?
Answer : Minerals can be conserved in the following ways:
i. A concerted effort has to be made in order to use our mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner.
ii. Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low costs.
iii. Recycling of metals, using scrap metals and other substitutes are steps in conserving our minerals resources for future. 

 

Question : How the people of rural areas get benefited from the setting up of biogas plants? 
Answer : People in rural areas get benefited from the setting up of biogas plants as they use shurbs, farm waste, animal and human waste to produce biogas for domestic consumption. The plants using cattle dung are known as 'Gobar gas plants' in rural areas. Theses provide twin benefits to the farmer of rural areas - first in the form of energy and second, the farmers also get improved quality of manure. Biogas is by far the most efficient use of cattle dung. It also prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes.
 
Question : Describe any three non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer :  Non-conventional sources of energy are : 
(i) Solar Energy : India is a tropical country. It has enormous possibilities of trapping solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is quickly becoming popular in rural and remote areas. (ii) Wind Energy : India now ranks as a 'wind super power' in the world. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra and Lakshadweep have important wind farms. Nagericoil and Jaisalmer are well-known for effective use of wind energy in the country.
 
Question : Describe any three characteristics of 'Odisha- Jharkhand belt' of iron ore in India. 
Answer :  Odisha-Jharkhand belt: 
(a) In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. 
(b) In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi. 
(c) These mines feed the steel industry in the eastern and other parts of India.
 
Question : How are minerals an indispensable part of our lives? Explain with three examples.
Answer : Minerals from an indispensable part of our lives in the following ways:
(i) From a tiny pin that we use to a towering building or tall ships are all made up of minerals.
(ii) The food that we consume also contains minerals which are essential for the growth of human body.
(iii) Cars, buses, trains and aeroplanes are manufactured with the help of minerals and they run on power resource derived from minerals.

Question : How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain.
Or
How does mining adversely affect the health and the environment?
Answer : Mining activity is often called a “killer industry” due to high risks involved. The dust and poisonous fumes inhaled by the miners expose them to pulmonary diseases.The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant threat to miners. The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil and river pollution.

Question : (i) How are bauxite formed?
(ii) Where are India’s bauxite deposits found?
(iii) Which are the most important bauxite deposits located in Orissa?
Answer : (i) Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
(ii) India’s bauxite deposits are found in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur – Katre.
(iii) Panchapatmali deposits in Koraput district the most important bauxite deposits in Orissa.

Question : The pie chart given below shows the production of manganese in different states. On the basis of reading of diagram answer the following questions:

CBSE Class 10 Geography Manufacturing Industries Worksheet_5

1. Mention any two uses of Manganese.
2. Which is the largest producer of Manganese?
Answer : 1. Uses of Manganese:
(i) Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferromanganese alloy. Nearly 10 kg of manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel.
(ii) It is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints.
2. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese ores in India approximately onethird of the country’s total production.

Question : What are non-metallic minerals? Write a short note on uses of mica and its distribution in India.
Answer : Minerals which do not contain metals or do not have metallic properties are called non-metallic minerals. For example, mica, limestone, salt, potash, sulphur, granite, marble, sandstone, etc.
Uses of Mica: Mica is considered to be the most important mineral in electric and electronic industries. Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, it is one of the most essential minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
Distribution of Mica in India: Koderma Gaya–Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer of Mica. Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chhota Nagpur plateau. In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is around Ajmer. Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important producer in the country.

Question :  What is a mineral?
Answer : Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. They are formed by a combination of elements. They are an essential part of our lives. The hardest mineral is diamond and the softest is talc. Minerals are usually found in “ores”.

Question : What is tidal energy? Name a region of India which provides ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy. 
Answer : Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams are built across inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. After the tide falls outside the flood gate, the water retained by the floodgate flows back to the sea via pipe that carries it through a power generating turbine. In India, the Gulf of Kuchchh, provides ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy. A 900 mw tidal energy power plant is set up here by the National Hydropower Corporation.
 
Question : 'Energy saved is energy produced.' Assess the statement.
Answer :  Energy is required for all activities in industries, agriculture, transport and domestic use. It implies that all these activities can take initiatives to conserve energy if we discipline ourselves. To begin with, each one of us should be always ready and be vigilant to take note of wasteful use and correct it immediately. It may be as simple as putting off an electrical appliance when not in use. We should develop a mindset to use public transport system instead of individual vehicles. Electronic devices must be switched off when not in use. We should use more and more power saving devices and at home we should plan to install solar panels to generate some electricity. When we do not use a particular quantity of electric power someone else use can it. In absolute sense power plants will need to produce that much less of power; which benefits the environment as that much less fossil fuel will have to be burnt. 
 

Question : Name any four nuclear or atomic power stations in India.
Answer : (i) Rawat Bhata in Rajasthan
(ii) Naraura in Uttar Pradesh
(iii) Kaiga in Karnataka
(iv) Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu

Question : What is geothermal energy? Write in detail about it.
Answer : Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interiors of the Earth.
Geothermal energy exists because the Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Ground water in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth’s surface, it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity. There are several hundred hot springs in India which could be used to generate electricity. Two experimental projects have been set up in India to harness geothermal energy. One is located in the Parvati valley near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh and the other is located in the Puga Valley, Ladakh.

Question : Give an account of the distribution of natural gas in India.
Answer : (i) Large reserves of natural gas are found in Krishna Godavari basin.
(ii) Along the west-coast the reserves of the Mumbai High and allied fields are supplemented by finds in the Gulf of Cambay.
(iii) Andaman and Nicobar islands are also important areas having large reserves of natural gas.

Question : Why is solar energy more developed in western Rajasthan? Give three points to support your answer.
Answer : (i) Western Rajasthan is blessed with an abundance of sunlight.
(ii) It has less tree cover.
(iii) It has very less rainfall as it is located on the leeward side of the western ghats.

 

Question : Distinguish between natural gas and bio-gas.
Answer : Differences between natural gas and bio-gas are given below:

Minerals And Energy Resources_3

 

Question : Explain the formation of coal. Also mention the factors which decide the variety of coal.
Answer : Coal is formed due to the compression of plant material over millions of years. Coal is found in a variety of forms depending on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial. 

 

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : Which source of energy is natural gas? Write in brief about it.
Answer : Natural gas is a conventional source of energy. It is an important clean energy resource found in association with or without petroleum. It is used as a source of energy as well as an industrial raw material in the petro-chemical industry.
Natural gas is considered an environment friendly fuel because of low carbon dioxide emissions and is, therefore, the fuel for the present century.
Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin. Along the west coast the reserves of the Mumbai High and allied fields are supplemented by finds in the Gulf of Cambay. Andaman and Nicobar islands are also important areas having large reserves of natural gas. The 1700 km long Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassien with the fertiliser, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India. The power and fertiliser industries are the key users of natural gas. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is now being used in vehicles.

Question : How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions. 
Answer :  Biogas to solve energy problem:
1. Availability of raw material.
2. Awareness to be created about biogas.
3. It will reduce the burden on conventional sources of energy.
4. Educate the rural people about the use of biogas.
5. It is a renewable source of energy.
6. Eco-friendly.
7. Model structures to be introduced by the government agencies at a subsidised rate.

Question : What are the two main qualities of iron ore deposits of India? Explain the two types of iron ore mainly found in the country. Which are the major states known for the production of iron ore?
Answer : Two qualities of iron ore:
1. Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development.
2. It provides a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.
They are of two types: Magnetite and Hematite.
1. Magnetite: It is the finest iron ore. It has a very high content of iron up to 70 per cent. It has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical industry.
2. Hematite: This ore is the most important industrial iron ore. It is the largest used iron ore in terms of the quantity in India. It has slightly lower iron content than magnetite. (50-60 per cent). The major iron-ore producing states are Karnataka, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Goa and Jharkhand.

Question : How are health and environment affected by the process of mining?
Answer : (i) Mining activity is often called a “killer industry” due to high risks involved.
(ii) The dust and poisonous fumes inhaled by the miners expose them to pulmonary diseases.
(iii) The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coal mines are a constant threat to miners.
(iv) The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining.
(v) Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil and river pollution.

Question : Give an account of the major iron ore belts in India.
Answer : The major iron ore belts in India are:
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha high grade haematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand haematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very high grade haematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chattisgarh. The range of hills comprise of 14 deposits of super high grade haematite from ore. It has the best physical properties needed for steel making. Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakapatnam port.
(iii) Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Turnkur belt in Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudermukh mines located in the Western Ghatas of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangalore.
(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited iron ore is exported through Mormugao port.

 
Question : Explain any three values which inspire us to conserve our energy resources. 
Answer :  Values:
a. Our responsible behaviour will lead us to conserve energy resources.
b. Our sustainable thinking which inspires us to preserve and protect the resources for the future generation.
c. Our consciousness towards our environment will inspire not to over-utilize the resources and exploit them. 
 
Question : India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt cautious approaches for the judicious use of our limited energy resources.” Analyse this statement. 
OR
Explain any three steps to be taken to conserve the energy resources. 
OR
How can we save our limited energy sources? Suggest any three ways for its judicious use. 
Answer :  The statement is right to a great extent. Therefore, we need to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of energy resources.
1. Need to develop a sustainable path of energy development, i.e., energy development but not at the cost of environment or needs of future generation.
2. Judicious use of limited energy resources,
3. Wastage of minerals should be minimised,
4. Modem technology should be used for the exploitation of energy resources.
5. Export of energy resources should be minimised.
6. Use of substitutes in order to save energy resources.
7. Encourage recycling of energy resources.
 

Question : How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions.
Answer :  Biogas can solve energy problem :
(i) Availibitlity of raw material is not a problem.
(ii) Awareness to be created about biogas.
(iii) It will reduce the burden on conventional sources of energy.
(iv) Educate the rural people about the use of biogas.
(v) It is a renewable source of energy.
(vi) Eco-friendly.

Question : How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain. 
Answer :  The mining activity is injurious to the health of the miners and environment as :
(a) The dust and toxic fumes can cause pulmonary disease to the miners.
(b) The roofs and walls of the mines have a risk of collapsing.
(c) Flooding or fire are a great risk in mines.
(d) The water bodies in the region get contaminated by mineral dust.
(e) Dumping of waste and slurry degrades the land. 

 

Question : Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them.
Answer :  Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour :
(i) Minerals are considered to be the backbone of the economy.
(ii) Industry largely depends on mineral deposits.
(iii) Total volume of workable mineral deposits is very less-only 1% of the earth's crust.
(iv) Mineral resources are being consumed rapidly, and minerals deposits need millions of years to be created and concentrated.
(v) The geological process of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
(vi) Mineral resources are finite and nonrenewable.
(vii) The rich mineral deposits of our country are extremely valuable but shorts-lived possessions. 

Question : Differentiate between metallic and nonmetallic minerals with examples. 
Answer :  Metallic Minerals:
(a) Metallic minerals are those minerals which can be processed to obtain metals.
(b) Magnetite, hematite, bauxite, are some examples.
(c) These are generally associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(d) They are usually hard and have shines or luster of their own. Non-Metallic Minerals:
(a) Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
(b) Coal, salt, clay, marble are some examples.
(c) These are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
(d) They are not so hard and have no shine or luster of their own.  

 
Question : Why there is a need of conservation of minerals?
Answer : Conservation of minerals is necessary because:
i. The total volume of workable mineral deposits in an insignificant fraction i.e. one per cent of the earth’s crust.
ii. We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be created and concentrated.
iii. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
iv. Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.
v. Mining of minerals causes great threat to the environment and health of the human beings.
Hence, it is needed to conserve the minerals and use them in a judicious way.

 

 
Answer the following questions :
 
1. Which states of India have the potential for the development of wind energy?  
2. Why is coal often called ‘black gold’?  
3.   Write two merits of water as a source of energy.  
4. What is Bailadila famous for? 
5.   Which part of India is known as the storehouse of minerals?  
6.   In what way iron brought a revolutionary change in human life.  
7.   Give the reasons for the importance of biogas in rural India.  
8.   ‘Solar energy is more developed in Western India.’Why?  
9. For what product Mumbai High is famous for? Enumerate the contribution of it in strengthening the economy of India. 
10. What are the various uses of copper? Where are copper ore found in India?  
11. What is geothermal energy ? Name any two project which have been set up to harness Geothermal energy.  
12. Why is it said that mining is becoming a ‘killer industry’?  
13. Distinguish between conventional and nonconventional sources of energy. 
14. Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?  
15. How can we say that the future of nuclear energy is bright in India?
16. Which minerals are formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material.
17. Which mineral is contained in Monasite sand?
18. How are minerals formed in igneous & metamorphic rocks.?
19. Why do we need to conserve energy resources?
20. Explain the distribution of coal in India?
21. Explain the distribution of iron in India?
22. Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which rocks?

 

Contemporary India II Chapter 02 Forest and Wildlife Resources
CBSE Class 10 Social Science HOTs Forest and Wildlife Resources

HOTS for Contemporary India II Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Social Science Class 10

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