CBSE Class 10 Geography HOTs Lifelines of National Economy

Summary

Question : Which is the cheapest mode of transport ?
(a) Airways
(b) Waterways
(c) Pipelines
(d) Roadways
Answer : B

Question : Which country has the largest telecom network in Asia ?
(a) China
(b) Japan
(c) India
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer : C

Question : Government’s project of linking all the four metro cities is called __________ .
(a) Golden Quadrilateral
(b) Golden Triangle
(c) Golden square
(d) Super Highways
Answer : A

Question : The National Highway No. 1 is also known as ......... .
(a) Mahatma Gandhi Marg
(b) Sher Shah Suri Marg
(c) Golden Quadrilateral
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru Road
Answer : B

Question : Which one of the following is the most important modes of transportation in India?
(a) Pipeline
(b) Railways
(c) Roadways
(d) Airways
Answer : C

Question : Which is the principal mode of transportation in India?
(a) Roadways
(b) Railways
(c) Waterways
(d) Airways 
Answer : B

Question : Silchar and Porbander are linked by which corridor ?
(a) North-East
(b) North-West
(c) South-East
(d) East-West 
Answer : D

Question : What is the full form of NHAI ?
(a) National Highway Association of India
(b) National Highway Authority of India
(c) National Historical Association of India
(d) National Highway Arms of India 
Answer : B

Question : Trade between two countries is called :
(a) Global trade
(b) International trade
(c) Digital trade
(d) Financial trade 
Answer : B

Question : Export and Import are components of _______.
(a) Digital trade
(b) Trade
(c) Geographical trade
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question : Which is the National Highway No. 1 ?
(a) Sher Shah Suri Marg
(b) G.T. Road
(c) Delhi-Mumbai
(d) Delhi-Kolkata 
Answer : A

Question : District Roads are maintained by :
(a) Zila Parishad
(b) PWD
(c) CPWD
(d) Municipal Corporation 
Answer : A

Question : Which state has the highest density of roads ?
(a) Kerala
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Delhi
(d) Madhya Pradesh 
Answer : A

Question : The Central Board of Film Certification is the authority to certify _____________.
(a) Indian films
(b) Foreign Films
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these 
Answer : C

Question : Following image is of a means of communication that is used by people while travelling by road.Identify its name from among the following :

Options :
(a) Call Center
(b) Emergency Call Box
(c) First aid
(d) Free Wi-Fi Box 
Answer : B

Question : Which is the cheapest mode of transport ?
(a) Airways
(b) Waterways
(c) Pipelines
(d) Roadways 
Answer : B

Question : Which is the oldest artificial port of the country ?
(a) Chennai
(b) Haldia
(c) Paradwip
(d) Tuticorin 
Answer : A

Question : The roads which connect the district headquarters with other places of the district are called __________ .
(a) Super Highways
(b) National Highways
(c) State Highways
(d) District Highways 
Answer : D

Question : ______ connect the district headquarters with other places of the district.
(a) State Highways
(b) District roads
(c) Rural roads
(d) Major loads 
Answer : B

Question : When was the air transport nationalised?
(a) 1947
(b) 1950
(c) 1953
(d) 1969 
Answer : C

Question : Air India provides which services?
(a) Domestic
(b) International
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of them 
Answer : C

Question : In India, roads are classified in how many classes ?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7 
Answer : C

Question : Which roads received special impetus under the ‘Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna’?
(a) District Highways
(b) National Highways
(c) State highways
(d) Other Roads 
Answer : D

Question : Identify the means of transport with the help of following features :
(i) It is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
(ii) It can cover very difficult terrains like mountains, deary deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease.
(ii) It has made access easier. 
Answer : Airways 

Question : Study the picture and answer the question that follows :

Which of the following best signifies the above image?
(a) Railway Station
(b) Airport
(c) Sea port
(d) Bus Terminus 
Answer : C

Question : What type of road it is ?

(a) Metalled road
(b) Surface road
(c) Cement road
(d) Unmetalled road 
Answer : D

Question : The first train was steamed off in the year 1853 between :
(a) Mumbai to Thane
(b) Mumbai to Pune
(c) Thane to Mumbai
(d) Pune to Thane 
Answer : A

Question : The air transport was nationalised in the year ......... .
(a) 1947
(b) 1950
(c) 1953
(d) 1957
Answer : C

Question : Border Roads Organisation was established in
(a) 1950
(b) 1955
(c) 1958
(d) 1960
Answer : D

Question : Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways
(b) Roadways
(c) Pipeline
(d) Waterways
Answer : C

Question : Trade carried in cities, towns and villages is called ......... .
(a) External trade
(b) Local trade
(c) Internal trade
(d) International trade
Answer : B

Question : The full form of NHAI is ......... .
(a) National Highway Academy of India
(b) Northern Highway Authority of India
(c) New Highway Authority of India
(d) National Highway Authority of India
Answer : D

Question : Which roads received special impetus under the ‘Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna’ ?
(a) District Highways
(b) National Highways
(c) State highways
(d) Other Roads
Answer : D

Question : The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is known as _____________ .
(a) Import
(b) Export
(c) Exchange
(d) Trade
Answer : D

True / False

Question : Railways can transport larger number of goods and passengers over long distances at economical cost.
Answer : True

Question : Express or freeways are the national highways with 4 to 6 lanes meant to meet the requirement of fast traffic movement across the country. 
Answer : True

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question : Assertion : Trade is considered as the economic barometer of the country.
Reason : Trading helps largely in developing countries like India. Advancement of trade is an index to its economic prosperity.
Answer : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Question : Assertion : Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.
Reason : Roads are unmetalled, their network is adequate.
Answer : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Question : Assertion : International trade has undergone a sea of changes in the last decades.
Reason : Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge
Answer : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Question : Assertion : Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.
Reason : Roads are unmetalled, their network is adequate.
Answer : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

Question : Who are traders ?
Answer : Traders are the people who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. 

Question : What are the three important domains of our earth?
                         OR
Mention three means of transport.
Answer : The three important domains of our earth are land, water and air. 

Question : Who constructs and maintains border roads?
Answer : The Border Roads Organisation, a government of India undertaking, constructs and maintains border roads. 

Question : What is pipeline transport network?
Answer : Pipeline transport network is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal plants. 

Question : What do you understand by trade?
Answer : The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as trade. 

Question : Suggest any one way to promote tourism in India. 
Answer : The tourism in India can be promoted through better transport facilities/promotion of cultural and pilgrim sites. 

Question : How many sea ports are there in India?
Answer : There are 12 major and 200 medium and minor ports in India. 

Question : Complete the following table with correct information with regard to major seaport :

Answer : (A) 7,516.6 km, (B) Kandla in Kachchh 

Question : Why International trade is considered as the economic barometer for a country ?
Answer : Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity. It is, therefore, considered the economic barometer for a country. 

Question : What is favourable balance of trade?
Answer : When the value of exports of a country is more than the value of its imports, then it is called as the favourable balance of trade. 

Question : Name the state related to National Waterways No. 3.
Answer : Kerala. 

Question : Name the six mail channels introduced in the country.
Answer : Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel are the six mail channels that have been introduced recently to facilitate quick delivery of mails.

Question : Name the cities that are connected by National Highway No.1.
Answer : Delhi and Amritsar.

Question : What are known as State Highways?
Answer : Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State High Ways.

Question. What is the length of coastline of India?
Answer : 7516.6 Km

Question. What was the major objective to develop the super highways
Answer : to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India

Question. Name the world’s longest highway tunnel?
Answer : Atal tunnel

Question. Which state has the highest road density in India?
Answer : Kerala

Question. which is the oldest artificial port of India?
Answer : Chennai

Question. define the term tourism?
Answer : The cultural recreational and commercial visits to places of interest in a country is known as tourism.

Question. what is pipeline transportation?
Answer : A new arrival on the transportation map of India to transport liquids as well as solids in slurry form.

Question. National highways 1(NH 1) connects which two cities?
Answer : Delhi and Amritsar

Question. What is the full form of STD?
Answer : Subscriber Trunk Dialling

Question. which mode of transport reduces trans shipment losses and delay ?
Answer : Pipeline

Question : What are the benefits/uses of pipelines?
Answer : Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of India. In the past, these were used to transport water to cities and industries but now they are used for varied purposes.
(i) These are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser factories and big thermal power plants.
(ii) Solids can also be transported through pipelines when converted into slurry.
(iii) The far inland locations like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertiliser plants could be thought of only because of pipelines.

Question : What are the different modes of transport in India?
Answer : The different modes of transport in India are :
(i) Land Transport
(ii) Water Transport
(iii) Air Transport

Question : What are the advantages of airways?
Answer : Advantages of airways are :
(i) It is the fastest mode of transport.
(ii) It covers the most difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forest and long ocean stretches with great ease.

Question : What is communication? What are the two major means of communication?
Answer : Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions through speech, signals, writing, or behaviour.
The two major means of communication are :
(i) Personal communication including letter, e-mail, telephone, etc.
(ii) Mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc.

Question : What are the problems faced by the railways?
Answer : Today, the railways have become more important in our national economy than all other means of transport put together. However, railway transport suffers from certain problems as well.
(i) Many passengers travel without tickets.
(ii) Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.
(iii) People stop the trains by pulling chains unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to railways.

Question : Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country ? Explain.
Answer : Efficient means of transport are pre-requisite for fast development as :
(i) They easily and quickly transport men and material from one place to another.
(ii) They are helpful in supplying the consumer goods to the markets and to the consumers rapidly.
(iii) They provide immediate relief in times of war, natural calamity, famines and floods.
(iv) They are equally important for the security and defense of the country as they transport the armed forces as well as artillery to the battle fronts and border areas.

Question : Explain how India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity, linguistic and socio-cultural plurality?
Answer : India is well linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity, linguistic and socio cultural plurality because :
(i) Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc., have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.
(ii) The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy.

Question : Mention the three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
Answer : There are three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
(i) From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur, via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to Haldia, via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
(ii) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect Koyali, Chakshu and other places.
(iii) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahjahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh.

Question : What is referred to as “the life line of the national economy” ? Explain briefly its importance in Indian context.
Answer : Transport and communication is referred as ''the life line of the national economy''. The pace of development of any country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Movement of these goods and services can be over three domains of earth i.e., land, water and air. Therefore, efficient means of transport are prerequisites for fast development.
They connect one part of the country to the other part and help the industries to get the raw materials as well as the finished products. It also develops a nexus among different cultures and religions of the country. Agriculture also depends on transportation. Thus, they are known as the lifeline of an economy.

Question : Why international trade is considered to be the economic barometer of the country ? Elucidate.
Answer : International trade is defined as the exchange of goods and services between two or more countries. The points are discussed below :
It is also considered as an economic barometer because :
(i) Advancement in international trade of a country leads to economic prosperity.
(ii) Income earned from international trade constitutes a major part in the net national income.
(iii) Large international trade leads to revival of domestic economy.

Question : Tourism has proved to be a successful trade in India. Comment.
Answer : Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades.
(i) Foreign tourists arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 23.5 per cent during the year 2004 as against the year 2003.
(ii) This contributed ` 21,828 crore of foreign exchange.
(iii) Over 2.6 million tourists visit India every year.
(iv) More than 15 million people are directly initiated into the tourism industry.
(v) Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(vi) It also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage.
(vii) Foreign tourists visits places like Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns of South India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, cultural tourism etc.

Question : How are roads distributed in the country?
                              OR
What are the limitations of road transport?
Answer : The length of road per 100 sq km of area is known as density of roads. Distribution of road is not uniform throughout the country.
(i) Density of all roads varies from only 10 km in Jammu Kashmir to 375 km. in Kerala with the national average of 75 km (1996-97). Road transport in India faces a number of problems.
(ii) Keeping in view, the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate.
(iii) About half of the roads are unmetalled and this limits their usage during the rainy season.
(iv) The National Highways are inadequate too.
(v) The roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.

Question : Find out places linked by the National Highway 2 and 3.
Answer : National Highway 2 runs from Delhi to Kolkata. Some of the places linked by this highway are : Faridabad in Haryana; Mathura, Agra, Etawah, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi and Mughalsarai in Uttar Pradesh; Mohania, Sasaram, Dehri on Sone and Aurangabad in Bihar; Barhi and Dhanbad in Jharkhand and Asansol, Durgapur, Bardhaman and Kolkata in West Bengal.
National Highway 3 runs from Agra to Mumbai. Some of the places linked by this highway are Dholpur in Rajasthan, Morena, Gwalior, Shivpuri, Guna, Indore and Mhow in Madhya Pradesh, and Dhule, Malegaon, Nasik, Igatpuri, Shahpur, Bhiwandi, Thane and Mumbai in Maharashtra.

Question : Describe any five major problems faced by road transport in India.
Answer : Major problems of roadways are:
(i) Distribution of road is not uniform in the country.
(ii) Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate.
(iii) About half of the roads are unmetalled and this restricts their usage during the rainy season.
(iv) The National Highways are inadequate too.
(v) Moreover, the roadways are highly congested in cities
(vi) Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
(vii) Poor maintenance is also a big problem.

Question : State some problems of road transport in our country.
Answer : Major problems of roadways are:
(i) Distribution of road is not uniform in the country.
(ii) Keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate.
(iii) About half of the roads are unmetalled and this restricts their usage during the rainy season.
(iv) The National Highways are inadequate too.
(v) Moreover, the roadways are highly congested in cities
(vi) Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow.
(vii) Poor maintenance is also a big problem.

Question : Mention the importance of water transport. Name three National Waterways of our country.
                                  Or
Explain a few advantages of waterways of India.
                                  Or
Name the National Waterways of India.
Answer : (i) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(ii) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(iii) It is a fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
The following waterways have been declared as the National Waterways by the Government:
(i) The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)—N.W. No. 1
(ii) The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)—N.W. No. 2
(iii) The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapurma-Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals-205 km)—N.W. No. 3

Source/Extract Based Questions

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows : For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide. Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and sociocultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc. have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways. The trades from local to international levels have added to the vitality of its economy. It has enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

Question : The world is shrinking because of advancement in ________ and ________
(a) Science and Technology
(b) Art and Culture
(c) Dance and Music
(d) All of the above
Answer : (a) Science and Technology

Question : Different types of transportation help in socioeconomic development of a nation. Identify which domain of the earth the following features of transportation belong to: 
Choose the correct option—
(a) a-2, b-3, c-1
(b) a-3, b-1, c-2
(c) a-2, b-1, c-3
(d) a-1, b-3, c-2
Answer : (a) a-2, b-3, c-

Question : Which one of the followings is not an India's challenge to connect the world?
(a) Complex land features
(b) Cultural and linguistic diversity
(c) Access to sea
(d) Vast area
Answer : (c) Access to sea

Question : In order to expand its global trade, India needs to:
(a) Invest more in infrastructure
(b) Develop advance transport and communication network
(c) Liberalise trade policies
(d) Restrict import of foreign products.
Answer : (d) Restrict import of foreign products.

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows :

As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade. Export and import are the components of trade. The balance of trade of a country is the difference between its export and import. When the value of export exceeds the value of imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade. On the contrary, if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of trade.India has trade relations with all the major trading blocks and all geographical regions of the world. The commodities exported from India to other countries include gems and jewellery, chemicals and related products, agriculture and allied products, etc. The commodities imported to India include petroleum crude and products, gems and jewellery, chemicals and related products, base metals, electronic items, machinery, agriculture and allied products. India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question :  ________ distribution of resources leads to more dependency of countries on each other.
Answer : Unequal.

Question : Find out the correct sequence of the following trade conditions: 
Choose the correct option—
(a) a-3, b-2, c-1
(b) a-2, b-1, c-3
(c) a-1, b-3, c-2
(d) a-3, b-1, c-2
Answer : (a) a-3, b-2, c-1

Question : In order to make favourable balance of trade, the government should:
(a) Priorities local products
(b) Impose taxes on local producers
(c) Excel in the areas of production
(d) Impose traded barriers
Answer : (b) Impose taxes on local producers

Question : Which one of the following statement is not true in context to India?
(a) India maintains good trade relations with all the major countries.
(b) India's balance of trade is unfavourable.
(c) India leads the world in I.T. sector.
(d) India's trade policies are not export friendly.
Answer : (d) India's trade policies are not export friendly. 

Answer the following questions :