CBSE Class 10 Geography HOTs Manufacturing Industries

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : All the heavy, medium and light industries are dependent on __________ for their machinery.
(a) Copper
(b) Iron and Steel
(c) Oil
(d) Aluminium
Answer : B

Question : What is GDP?
(a) Gross Domestic Product
(b) Government Domestic Product
(c) General Domestic Product
(d) Gross Domestic Possession
Answer : A

Question : Which of the following is an agro-based industry ?
(a) Sugar
(b) Tea
(c) Coffee
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question : __________ has gained popularity as a substitute of steel.
(a) Aluminium
(b) Copper
(c) Iron
(d) Bauxite
Answer : A

Question : Which pollution among of the following adversely affects human health, animals, plants, building and the atmosphere on the whole?
(a) Noise pollution
(b) Thermal pollution
(c) Air pollution
(d) Water pollution
Answer : C

Question : Which of the following solid waste causes Water pollution ?
(a) Bleaching powder
(b) Clorine
(c) Phospho- gypsum
(d) None of the above
Answer : C

Question : Which one of the following is manufactured at Salem?
(a) Steel
(b) Cotton
(c) Aluminium
(d) Copper
Answer : A

Question : Which of the following organisations is responsible for the marketing of steel of the Public Sector Undertaking?
(a) Tata Steel
(b) IISCO
(c) BHEL
(d) SAIL
Answer : D

Question : 1 Litre of waste water from industry _________ Litre of fresh water.
(a) 9
(b) 10
(c) 8
(d) 5
Answer : C

Question : Which industry among the following expanded after the green revolution?
(a) cement
(b) fertilizer
(c) sugar
(d) steel
Answer : B

Question : There are nearly __________cotton and human made fibre’s textile mills in the country.
(a) 1300
(b) 1400
(c) 1500
(d) 1600
Answer : D

Question : What is the full form of NMCC ?
(a) The National Municipal Cleanliness Corporation
(b) The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council
(c) The National Manufacturing Cotton Council
(d) The National Municipal Charity Council
Answer : B

Question : Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at______percent out of GDP- out of a total of______percent for the industry which includes______percent of mining, quarrying, electricity and gas.
(a) 17 , 28 , 10
(b) 27 , 17 , 10
(c) (c) 17 , 27 , 10
(d) 17 , 28 , 27
Answer : C

Question : Which of the following is transformed into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value?
(a) Manufactured goods
(b) Raw material
(c) Industrial goods
(d) All of the above
Answer : B

Question : Molasses are used to make :
(a) rum
(b) rubber
(c) ethanol
(d) sugar
Answer : A

Question : Regular supply of electricity is an assured source of raw material are a must for the location of __________ .
(a) Textile Industry
(b) Iron and Steel
(c) Chemical Industry
(d) Aluminium Smelting
Answer : D 

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Question : Assertion : Aluminium is a universally accepted metal for a large number of industries
Reason : Aluminium is flexible and a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Industrial development cannot minimize environmental degradation.
Reason : Environmental degradation depends on the raw material used.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : The non-cooking coal reserves are limited in India.
Reason : India is well endowed with nearly all the raw materials necessary for iron and steel industry.
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Most of the jute mills of India located in West Bengal.
Reason : Bus facility is available to export the manufactured goods.
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Harvesting of rainwater reduces industrial pollution of fresh water.
Reason : Rainwater helps industry to meet water requirements.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Consumer industries produces goods for direct use by consumers.
Reason : Consumer industries are agro-based.
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : What is agglomeration economics?
Answer : After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economics.

Question : How are the industries classified?
Answer : Industries are classified on the basis of source of raw materials used, according to their main role, capital investment, ownership and the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.

Question : Name some agro based industries.
Answer : Cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee and edible oil are some of the agro based industries.

Question : Which industries are joint sector industries?
Answer : Joint sector industries are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by the public and private sectors.

Question : Which inputs are required for iron and steel industry?
Answer : Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of 4 : 2 : 1. Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel.

Question : Which chemicals are categorized as ‘inorganic chemicals’?
Answer : Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid (used to manufacture fertilizers, synthetic fibres, plastics, adhesives, paints, and dyes), nitric acid, alkalis, soda ash and caustic soda.

Question : What are basic industries?
Answer : Industries which supply their products or materials to manufacture other goods like iron and steel, etc. are known as basic or key industries.

Question : What do you understand by consumer industries?
Answer : Consumer industries are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers such as sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, etc.

Question : How many jute mills are there in India and where are they located mostly?
Answer : There are seventy jute mills in India and most of them are located in West Bengal.

Question : Why are the sugar mills shifting to southern and western states?
Answer : In recent years, the mills have shifted and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because the sugarcane produced there has higher sucrose content.

Question : Correct the following statement and rewrite :
Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the hand-made cloth from England.
Answer : Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.

Question : What are mineral based industries?
Answer : Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries. Example : iron and steel and aluminium industry.

Question : Why are manufacturing industries important?
Answer : In general, manufacturing industries are considered to be the backbone of development as they help in the economic growth of a country.

Question : Which countries are called prosperous?
Answer : Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are called prosperous.

Question : What is a large scale industry?
Answer : The industries which employ large number of workers in each unit and have large production levels with more than one crore investment are known as large scale industries.

Question : Match the following items given in column A with those in column B. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Answer : (a) 4, (b) 3, (c) 2, (d) 1

Question : Business processes Outsourcing (BPO) is an example of-______ industry in India.
Answer : Information Technology.

Question : Which industries are called heavy industries?
Answer : Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and manufacture heavy goods like iron and steel are called heavy industries.

Question : How many aluminium smelting plants are there in India and where are they located?
Answer : There are 8 aluminium smelting plants in the country located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

Question : What is a small scale industry?
Answer : A small scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit and employing small number of workers. At present the maximum investment allowed is rupees one crore.

Question : Which region in India has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
Answer : The Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.

Question : When and where was the first cement plant set up in India?
Answer : In India, the first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.

Question : Which is the only industry in India having self reliant positions?
Answer : Textile industry is the only industry in India which is self reliant.

Question : How were cotton textiles produced in ancient India?
Answer : In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.

Question : Name the industry which is seasonal in nature.
Answer : Sugar industry.

Question : Define mineral based industries.
Answer : Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.

Question : Give some examples of minerals-based industries.
Answer : Examples of mineral based industries – iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petrochemicals.

Question : What are called basic or key industries? Give examples.
Answer : Basic or key industries are those which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods. Examples — iron and steel industry, aluminium smelting industry.

Answer : Manufacturing industry emphasises on manufacturing goods not only for its own country but for export purposes too. These exports bring in foreign exchange.

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : Study the given table carefully and answer the following questions:

 

i. Name the sector which has the highest share in the production of fabric in India? 

ii. Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than power loom and handloom? 

Answer :  i. Power loom sector has the highest share in the production of fabric in India.

ii. it important for our country to keep the mill sector looming lower than power loom and handloom because

a. The power loom and the handloom can provide more employment to the rural people.

b. Both of them promote decentralization and benefit a wider area of the country.

c. Both of them require less investment as compared to mill sector loomage. 

 

Question : What are the different types of industries based on capital investment?
Answer : On the basis of the capital investment, industries are classified as :
(i) Small Scale industries : Here the investment is less than one crore rupees.
(ii) Large Scale industries : Here the investment is more than one crore rupees.

Question : Explain the importance of textile industry in Indian economy.
Answer : The textile industries contribute significantly to industrial production.
(i) After agriculture, textile industries employ the largest number of people.
(ii) They bring in about 26.4% of the total foreign exchange earnings.
(iii) Their contribution towards the GDP is 4% which is quite significant.
(iv) Textile is the only industry which is self-sufficient and complete in the value chain.

Question : Explain briefly the importance of manufacturing industries for India.
Answer : Manufacturing industries are important for India because :
(i) They help in upgrading the agriculture industries and reduce heavy dependence on agriculture income by providing employment in non-agriculture sector.
(ii) They help in creating jobs other than in agriculture and generating income.
(iii) Manufacturing of more goods facilitate in expansion of trade and exchange of foreign currencies.
(iv) They help in overall development of the country.

Question : Give an account of the chemical industries.
Answer : (i) The chemical industry in India is a fast growing and diversifying industry.
(ii) It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP.
(iii) It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size.
(iv) It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
(v) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
(vi) Chemical industry is its own largest consumer.
(vii) Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets.

Question : How do industrial units cause air pollution? Explain.
Answer : Industrial units cause air pollution in the following manner :
(i) They ignore the pollution norms thereby causing air pollution.
(ii) They emit high proportion of gases.
(iii) The air borne particulate materials released by industries contain harmful particles

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries

Question : How urbanisation depends upon industries?
Answer : (i) Urbanisation totally depends upon industries. Industrial locations are very complex in nature and are influenced by the availability of raw material labour, capital, power resources and market but all these factors are rare to find at one place.
(ii) So, manufacturing activities tend to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors can be arranged at a lower cost.
(iii) After an industry activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities.
(iv) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice to the industry.

Question : Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of National Jute Policy.
Answer : Challenges faced by the jute industry :
(i) Jute industry face high level of competition from synthetic substitutes.
(ii) Diversification of products is essential for increasing the demand.
Objectives of National Jute Policy :
(i) Increasing productivity.
(ii) Refining quality.
(iii) Making sure that the jute farmers get good prices.

Question : State the importance of manufacturing industries.
Answer : Manufacturing sector is considered to be the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because :
(i) Manufacturing industries are important not only in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of the economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question : Why is the per capita consumption of steel so low in India ?
Answer : The reasons for the low per capita consumption of steel in India are enumerated as follows :
(i) High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
(ii) 72% of the population of the country is situated in villages where steel is barely used.
(iii) Dearth of domestic markets in the country (market for steel within the country).
(iv) The lack of infrastructure does not allow proper usage of steel in industries.
(v) The lack of development in rural areas and lack of means of transport make it difficult to deliver steel in the remote belts of the country.

Question : Find out where the plants are located in other States of India. Find their names.
Answer : The names of the major companies in cement industry and locations of their major cement plants in India are given below :

Question : Classify the following into two groups on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.
(i) Oil
(ii) Sewing machines
(iii) Knitting needles
(iv) Shipbuilding
(v) Brassware
(vi) Electric bulbs
(vii) Fuse wires
(viii) Paint brushes
(ix) Watches
(x) Automobiles
Answer : 

Question : Enlist the contribution of IT and electronics industry in the economy.
Answer : (i) The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom and other equipment required by the telecommunication industry.
(ii) 18 software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts.
(iii) A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. Till 31st March 2005, the IT industry employed over one million people.
(iv) This number is expected to increase by eight-fold in the next 3 to 4 years.
(v) It is encouraging to know that 30% of the people employed in this sector are women.
(vi) This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last 2 or 3 years because of its fast growing Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
(vii) The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India.

Question : What is the contribution of industries to the national economy?
OR
How industries contribute to the national economy of the country? 
Answer : (i) Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has been stagnated at 17% of GDP out of a total of 27% for the industry which includes 10% for mining, quarrying electricity and gas.
(ii) This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies. They have contributed to 25% to 35% of GDP on the other side.
(iii) The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12% whereas the trend over the last decade has been around 7% per annum.
(iv) Since 2003, manufacturing has shown a growth rate of 9 to 10% which can be increased to 12% with efforts from the government and the industries.

Question : Select one agro-based and one mineral-based industry in your area.
(i) What are the raw materials they use?
(ii) What are the other inputs in the process of manufacturing that involve transportation cost?
(iii) Are these factories following environmental norms?
Answer : One agro-based industry located in my area is the vegetable oil industry. They use sunflower seeds to extract oil. They follow the environment norms by using environment-friendly equipments and send the waste products for recycling.
One mineral-based industry located in my area is the heavy machinery industry. They use iron which they get from the nearby iron ore factory. They follow eco-friendly techniques for manufacturing and dispose the waste in a suitable manner. They do not dump the waste in the nearby river; instead they send it for recycling.

Question : Have you read about the Kalinganagar controversy? Collect information from different sources and discuss.
Answer : Kalinganagar is another instance of the resistance of the tribal to losing their lands to industrialisation. The Tata Group formed a nexus with the Government of Odisha to set up a giant steel plant in Kalinganagar area. The tribal people revolted in the region because they knew that both their life and livelihood would be at stake. On 2nd January, 2006 in a police firing incident, 13 tribal people were killed. Subsequently, when their bodies were being handed over to their relatives, it was found that palms of five tribal people had been chopped off (for identifying them by fingerprinting) by the doctors conducting the postmortems on them. The above controversy has affected the establishment of this steel plant and also the industrialisation in Odisha, overall.

Question : How do industries create air, water, noise, and thermal pollution ?
Answer : (i) Air Pollution : It is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long term effects. It adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
(ii) Water Pollution : It is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent discharged into rivers. The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out many harmful substances into the water bodies.
(iii) Noise Pollution : It not only results in irritation and anger, but also causes hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other psychological effects. Industries, factories, generators, electric drills, etc. make a lot of noise.
(iv) Thermal Pollution : It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling which affects the aquatic life. Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.

Question : Collect information about a steel plant located in your own state and show them on the map of India.
Answer : Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand. It is one of the largest steel plants of our country. Bokaro Steel Plant the fourth integrated plant in the Public Sector - started taking shape in 1965 in collaboration with the Soviet Union. It was originally incorporated as a limited company on 29th January 1964, and was later merged with SAIL, first as a subsidiary and then as a unit, through the Public Sector Iron and Steel Companies (Restructuring & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1978. The construction work started on 6th April, 1968.

The plant is hailed as the country's first Swadeshi Steel Plant, built with maximum indigenous content in terms of equipment, material and know-how. Its first Blast Furnace started on 2nd October, 1972 and the first phase of 1.7 MT Ingot steel was completed on 26th February 1978 with the commissioning of the third Blast Furnace. All units of 4 MT stage have already been commissioned and the modernisation taken up in the nineties has further upgraded this to 4.5 MT of liquid steel.

Case Based Questions

Question : Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :

The iron and steel industry is the basic industry since all the other industries - heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods. Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country's development. Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of approximately 4 : 2 : 1. Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel. India ranks 3rd among the world crude steel producers. It is the largest producer of sponge iron. In 2016 per capita consumption of steel in the country was only around 63 kg per annum against the world average of 208 kg.

(i) Iron and steel industry is the largest industry that comes in the category of _________ .
Answer : Mineral based industries.

(ii) Match the different metals with their best uses given below and choose the correct option.

Choose the correct option —
(a) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
(b) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
(c) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
(d) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Answer : (b) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3.

(iii) Which one of the following is not a step involve in the processes of Manufacture of Steel?
(a) Transportation of raw material to the plants.
(b) Clearing impurities and use of blast furnace.
(c) Melting and oxidizing pig iron
(d) Ginning and spinning
Answer : (d) Ginning and spinning.

(iv) Lower per capita consumption of steel is an indicator of :
(a) High exports.
(b) Increase in per capita income.
(c) Expansion in infrastructure.
(d) Interlinking of the sectors of economy.
Answer : (c) Expansion in infrastructure  

Question : Read the extract and answer the questions that follows :
Cotton, Jute, silk, woollen textiles, sugar and edible oil, etc. industries are based on agricultural raw materials. Textile Industry : The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. It is the only industry in the country, which is selfreliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products.
Cotton Textiles : In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England. The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The two world wars were fought in Europe, India was a British colony. There was a demand for cloth in U.K. hence, they gave a boost to the development of the cotton textile industry. In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessible port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation. This industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. The industry by creating demands supports many other industries, such as, chemicals and dyes, packaging materials and engineering works.

(i) Name some industries which are based on agricultural raw materials ?
Answer : Cotton, Jute, Silk, Woolen textiles, Sugar and Edible Oil.

(ii) What is the process of making cotton in textile industry?
Answer : Cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.

(iii) In which places the earlier stages of cotton textile industry was concentrated?
Answer : In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of :
(i) Maharashtra
(ii) Gujarat