CBSE Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease Assignment Set B

Carcinogens : Cancer causing agents. e.g., gamma rays. UV rays, dyes and lead.

Immunity : Resistance to infection or antigen.

Immuno Suppressant : The chemical which supress the immunity response to antigen partially or completely.

Interferon : The glycoproteins produced by our body cells in response to a viral infection.

Incubation Period : The time period between infection and the appearance of symptoms.

Metastasis : The property in which the cancer cells spread to different sites through blood and develop secondary tumors.

Oncogenes : Viral genome which causes cancer.

Retrovirus : A virus having RNA as genetic material and forms DNA by reverse transcription and then replicate e.g., Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Sporozoites : The infective stage of protozoa Plasmodium which is injected into human blood through saliva of female Anopheles mosquito.

Syndrome : Collection of disease symptoms responsible for a disorder or a disease.

Vaccination : Inoculation of a vaccine to stimulate production of antibodies and provide immunity for one or more disease.

 

Important Questions for NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Health and Diseases

Question. ELISA is diagnostic test for :-
(a) Bacteria
(b) Viruses
(c) AIDS
(d) Dreaded diseases only

Answer : C

Question. "Don't die of ignorance" slogan is used to create awareness for :-
(a) AIDS
(b) Cancer
(c) Typhoid
(d) Rabies

Answer : A

Question. H₂L₂ represents ............ molecule :-
(a) Antibody
(b) Antigen
(c) Pathogen
(d) Both (1) and (2)

Answer : A

Question. Which is a safe technique to detect cancer ?
(a) Radiography
(b) CT (Computed tomography) Scanning
(c) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
(d) Biopsy

Answer : C

Question. Find out the incorrect matching with regards to innate immunity :-
(a) Physical barriers = Skin, mucosa
(b) Cytokine barriers = Interferons
(c) Cellular barriers = PMNL, neutrophils
(d) Physiological barriers = Epithelial lining

Answer : C 

Question. Which type of radiations can cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformation ?
(a) Ionising radiations
(b) X-rays
(c) Non-ionising radiations
(d) UV-rays
(a) a and c
(b) b and d
(c) a and b
(d) a, b, c and d

Answer : D

Question. Which interferon is a biological response modifiers, that activates immune system for destroying tumor ?
(a) a
(b) b
(c) g
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer : A

Question. AIDS don't spread due to :-
(a) Mere touch
(b) Physical contact
(c) Body fluids
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer : D

Question. Incubation period for AIDS is usually :-
(a) 5-10 month
(b) 5-10 years
(c) 2-12 month
(d) 2-12 weeks

Answer : B

Question. Which disorder is not related with smoking?
(a) Lung cancer
(b) Bronchitis
(c) Emphysema
(d) Coronary heart disease
(e) Gastric ulcer
(f) Urinary bladder cancer
(g) Throat cancer
(a) a, b, e, g
(b) a, b, c, f, g
(c) c, d, f
(d) All are related

Answer : D

Question. Withdrawal syndrome is characterised by:-
(a) Anxiety
(b) Shakiness
(c) Nausea
(d) Sweating
(a) a, c
(b) b, c
(c) a, c, d
(d) a, b, c and d

Answer : D

Question. Which measure would be particularly useful for prevention and control of alcohol and drug abuse among adolescents ?
(a) Avoid undue peer pressure
(b) Seeking professional and medical help
(c) Looking for danger sign
(d) Education and counselling
(e) Seeking help from parents and peers
(a) a, b, d
(b) a, c, d, e
(c) c, e
(d) a, b, c, d, e

Answer : D

Question. Most of cancers are treated by combination of:-
(a) Surgery
(b) Radiotherapy
(c) Chemotherapy
(a) a and b
(b) a and c
(c) b and c
(d) a, b and c

Answer : D

Question. Cancer detection is based on :-
(a) Biopsy
(b) Histopathological study of tissues
(c) Blood test
(d) Bone marrow test
(a) a, b
(b) a, c & d
(c) a, b & c
(d) a, b, c & d

Answer : D

Question. Which form of the pathogen is used in to formulate vaccine?
(a) Activated and strong pathogenic antigens
(b) Inactivated and weakened pathogenic antigens
(c) Hyperactive and strong pathogen
(d) Preformed antibodies

Answer : B

Question. The Human Baby receives Passive immunity from ………
(a) Placenta
(b) Colostrum
(c) Placenta and colostrum
(d) Stem cells

Answer : C

Question. Study the given diagram, and identify the marked part X and C 
(a) Virus and Viral DNA
(b) Viral RNA and Viral DNA
(c) Viral DNA and Viral RNA
(d) Reverse transcriptase and monocyte

Answer : B

Question. ……… is a CNS stimulant as it interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter ………
(a) Cocaine, acetylcholine
(b) Barbiturate, glutamate
(c) Cocaine, dopamine
(d) Barbiturate, glycine

Answer : C

Question. These organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells:
(a) Bone marrow
(b) Thymus gland
(c) Spleen and lymph node
(d) Heart and aorta

Answer : C

Question. Which one of the following sets includes bacterial diseases?
(a) Tetanus, tuberculosis, measles
(b) Diphtheria, leprosy, plague
(c) Cholera, typhoid, mumps
(d) Malaria, mumps, poliomyelitis

Answer : B

Question. The substance produced by a cell in viral infection that can protect the other cells from further infection is:
(a) Serotonin
(b) Colostrum
(c) Interferon
(d) Histamine

Answer : C

Question. Anti-venom against the snake poison contains: -
(a) Antigens
(b) Antigen-antibody complexes
(c) Antibodies
(d) Enzymes

Answer : C

Question. Which of the following gland is large sized at birth but reduces in size with ageing?
(a) Pineal
(b) Pituitary
(c) Thymus
(d) Thyroid

Answer : C

Question. Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
The Component causing this could be
(a) Nicotine
(b) tannic acid
(c) curamin
(d) catechin

Answer : A

Question. High fever, Constipation, Fatigue, Rashes, Dry cough, Stomach pain are the symptoms of:
(a) Cholera
(b) Tuberculosis
(c) Typhoid
(d) Malaria

Answer : C

Question. Fertilization of malarial parasite takes place:
(a) Human body
(b) Intestine of malarial female anopheles mosquito
(c) Salivary gland of female anopheles mosquito
(d) Red blood cells of man

Answer : B

Question. Malarial parasite needs……… host to complete the life cycle:
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 1

Answer : C

Question. The antibodies present in colostrum which protect the new born from certain diseases is of:
(a) IgG type
(b) IgA type
(c) IgD type
(d) IgE type

Answer : B

Question. Blood cancer is ------------ type of tumor
(a) Benign tumor
(b) Malignant tumor
(c) Both
(d) None

Answer : B

Question. The substance given to the cancer patients in order to activate their immune system and to destroy the tumor is-
(a) Histamine
(b) Interleukin
(c) a-interferon
(d) Morphine.

Answer : C

Question. Identify the image given below:
(a) Papaver somniferum
(b) Erythroxylum coca
(c) Marijuana
(d) Ganja

Answer : B

Question. The diagnosis of cause of allergy is done by-:
(a) Inoculation of small doze of steroids
(b) Inoculation of small doze of substances that cause allergy
(c) Inoculation of small doze of adrenalin
(d) Inoculation of small doze of noradrenalin

Answer : B

Question. Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys
(a) certain types of bacteria
(b) all viruses
(c) most virus-infected cells
(d) certain fungi

Answer : A

Question. Infectious stage of malarial parasite to man is-
(a) Gametocyte
(b) Sporozoite
(c) Plasmozoite
(d) None

Answer : B

Question. The Symptoms of this disease includes Internal bleeding, Muscular pain, Fever, Anemia and Blockage of the intestinal passage: - --------
(a) Typhoid
(b) Cholera
(c) Malaria
(d) Ascariasis

Answer : D

Question. Different types of antibodies are produced in our body. IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG etc. These antibodies are found in the blood, this kind of immune response in our body is called ………
(a) Cell mediated immunity
(b) Humoral immunity
(c) Passive immunity
(d) Auto immunity

Answer : B

Question. This is a large bean shaped organ. It mainly contains lymphocytes and phagocytes. It acts as a filter of the blood by trapping blood-borne micro-organisms. It also has a large reservoir of erythrocytes:
(a) Kidney
(b) Gall bladder
(c) Spleen
(d) Lymph nodes

Answer : C

Question. 'Smack‘ is a drug that is obtained from-----
(a) Latex of Papaver somniferum
(b) Leaves of Cannabis saliva
(c) Flowers of Datura
(d) Fruits of Erythroxylum coca.

Answer : A

Question. AIDS is caused by HIV. Among the following, which one is not a mode of transmission of HIV?
(a) Transfusion of contaminated blood.
(b) Sharing the infected needles.
(c) Shaking hands with infected persons.
(d) Sexual contact with infected persons.

Answer : C

Question. uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionizing radiations to accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue.
(a) CT scan
(b) MRI scan
(c) X-ray
(d) Biopsy

Answer : B

Question. Are a group of chemicals, which interact with the receptors present principally in the brain.
(a) Opioids
(b) Cannabinoids
(c) Coca alkaloids
(d) Marijuana

Answer : B

Question. Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines for……
(a) Sedative and pain killer
(b) Diuretics
(c) Depression and insomnia
(d) Analgesics

Answer : C

Question. The toxin haemozoin is produced by the malarial parasite is in:
(a) Human liver
(b) Human blood
(c) Salivary gland of mosquito
(d) Gut of mosquito

Answer : B

Question. Proto oncogene means ----------------:
(a) Virus that cause cancer
(b) Bacteria that cause cancer
(c) Certain cells that contains cancer causing genome under certain conditions
(d) Carcinogenic substances that seen around us

Answer : C

Question. Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using this approach allow large scale production and hence greater availability for immunization. Most prominent r DNA vaccine is………
(a) Hepatitis vaccine from bacteria
(b) Hepatitis vaccine from yeast
(c) Hepatitis vaccine from bacteriophage
(d) Hepatitis vaccine from mouse

Answer : B

Question. Wuchereria worm causes Filariasis in human being. It belongs to--------------
(a) Protozoa
(b) Bacteria
(c) Virus
(d) Helminth

Answer : D

 

Question. Non-specific host defence that exists prior to the exposure of an antigen is called :
(A) Acquired immunity
(B) Passive immunity
(C) Innate immunity
(D) Active immunity

Answer : C

Question. Marijuana is extracted from
(A) Dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant
(B) Ergot fungus
(C) Roots of hemp plant
(D) Cocoa plant.

Answer : A

Question. Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate secretion of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline.
The component causing this could be
(A) Nicotine
(B) Tannic acid
(C) Curamin
(D) Catechin

Answer : A

Question. The chronic intake of ……… causes Cirrhosis of liver.
(A) Opium
(B) Alcohol
(C) Cocaine
(D) Tobacco

Answer : B

Question. A person with sickle cell anaemia is
(A) More prone to malaria.
(B) More prone to typhoid.
(C) Less prone to malaria.
(D) Less prone to typhoid.

Answer : C

Question. Synthetic drugs structurally related to adrenaline are
(A) Hallucinogens
(B) Analgesics
(C) Amphetamines
(D) Barbiturates

Answer : C

Question. Which one is correctly matched …
(A) Cocaine – Opiate narcotic
(B) Bhang – Analgesic
(C) Reserpine – Tranquilizer
(D) Morphine – Hallucinogen

Answer : C

Question. _______ is a CNS stimulant as it interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter, dopamine.
(A) Valium
(B) Barbituarate
(C) Cocaine
(D) Opium

Answer : C

Question. Which compound is formed by acetylation of morphine ?
(A) Heroin
(B) Cocaine
(C) Tobacco
(D) Marijuana

Answer : A

Question. Opium is obtained from :
(A) Papaver somniferum
(B) Cannabis sativa
(C) Erythroxylum coca
(D) Datura metel 

Answer : A

Question. Which drug is used as medicine to help patients cope with depression and insomnia ?
(A) Morphine
(B) Amphetamines
(C) Codeine
(D) LSD

Answer : B

Question. Habit of using ............. is associated with increased incidence of cancers of lung, urinary bladder and throat, bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer, etc.
(a) Alcohol
(b) Smoking Tobacco
(c) Use of Opioids
(d) Use of Cannabinoids

Answer : B

Question. Means both 'a period‘ and 'a process‘ during which a child becomes mature in terms of his/her attitudes and beliefs for effective participation in society.
(a) Childhood
(b) Adolescence
(c) Youth
(d) None

Answer : B

Question. Transplantation of tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to rejection of such tissues/organs by the patient. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections?
(a) Auto-immune response
(b) Humoral immune response
(c) Physiological immune response
(d) Cell-mediated immune response

Answer : D

Question. Which of the following are the reason(s) for rheumatoid arthritis? Choose the correct option.
(i) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self-cells increases.
(ii) Body attacks self-cells
(iii) More antibodies are produced in the body
(iv) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self-cells is lost
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iii)

Answer : B

Question. If you suspect major deficiency of antibodies in a person, to which of the following would you look for confirmatory evidences:
(a) Serum albumin
(b) Serum globulin
(c) Haemocytes
(d) Fibrinogen in plasma

Answer : B

Assertion Reason Questions:

A. Both A & R are True and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A & R are True and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is True but R is False.
D. A is False but R is True.

Question. Assertion (A) - In host cell, viral DNA is produced by reverse transcription.
Reason (R)- Retrovirus has DNA genome.

Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) - α-interferon is a biological response modifier.
Reason (R) - α-interferon activates immune system and helps in destroying the tumor.

Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) - Colostrum is secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation.
Reason (R)- Colostrum provides active immunity.

Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) - Many children in metro cities of India suffer from allergies.
Reason (R) -This could be because of the protected environment provided early in the life.

Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) - Virus infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
Reason (R) - It is a case of physiological barriers.

Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) - Peer pressure is necessary for better performance.
Reason (R)- Undue pressure can lead to consumption of alcohol and drugs.

Answer: D

 

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Where are B-cells and T-cells formed? How do they differ from each other?
Answer : Both type of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system are produced in the bone marrow. B and T-cells are different from each other in the following aspects

Question. Why is mother’s milk considered the most appropriate food for a new born infant?
Answer : Colostrum contains several antibodies (especially IgA) which are absolutely essential for developing resistance for the new-born babies.

Question. What are interferons? How do interferons check infection of new cells?
Answer : In response to viral infections our body produces glycoproteins called interferons. Such type of barriers of innate immunity is called cytokine barrier. Interferons protect the non-infected cells from further viral infection.

Question. In the figure, structure of an antibody molecule is shown. Name the parts A, B and C.

Answer : 

Question. If a regular dose of drug or alcohol is not provided to an addicted person, he shows some withdrawal symptoms. List any four such withdrawal symptoms.
Answer : The withdrawal symptoms are (i) anxiety (ii) shakiness (iii) nausea (iv) sweating

Question. Given below are the pairs of pathogens and the diseases caused by them. Which out of these is not a matching pair and why?

Answer : (c) Wuchereria species bancrofti and W malayi), the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease is called elephantiasis or filariasis. Fungi belonging to the genera Microsporium, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for ringworms which is one of the most common infectious diseases in man.

Question. What would happen to immune system, if thymus gland is removed from the body of a person?
Answer : If thymus gland is removed from the body of a person, his immune system will become weak. As a result the person’s body becomes prone to infectious diseases.

Question. Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food. What are the preventive barriers to protect the body from such pathogens? What type of immunity do you observe in this case?
Answer : Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food. The preventive barriers to protect the body from such pathogens are as follows (i) the mucus coating of the epithelium lining of the gut helps in trapping microbes entering the body. (ii) saliva in the mouth and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice secreted by stomach prevent microbial growth. This type of immunity is innate immunity. It is present from birth and is inherited from parents. The innate immunity remains throughout life.

Short Answer Type Questions