CBSE Class 10 Biology Management of Natural Resources Worksheet Set B

Very Short Answer Questions :
 

Question. Name the bacteria whose presence in water indicate contamination of water
Answer :  E. Coli bacteria

Question. Name any two items which can be easily recycled but are generally thrown in the dustbins by us.
Answer: Cold drink cans and empty milk polypacks can be easily recycled but are generally thrown in the dustbins.

Question. Which canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan ?
Answer: Indira Gandhi canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan.

Question. List two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level?
Answer: The two advantages are:
(a) Recharging of wells increases the level of ground water.
(b) The water can be stored in rainy season and we can use it when there are no rain or when there is water scarcity.

Question. Define the term ‘Conservation of environment?
Answer :  Conservation of environment refers to activities which can provide individual or commercial benefits, but at the same time, prevent excessive use which are leading to environmental damage.

Question. Define sustainable development.
Answer: Sustainable development refers to the process of economic development where resources are used judiciously to satisfy needs of not only present generation but also to conserve them for the use of future generations.

Question. What would be the advantage of exploiting resources with short term aims? 
Answer: The advantage of exploiting resources with short term aims is to provide benefits to meet the requirements of present generations.

Question. Which fossil fuel is conserved:
(i) When we save on electricity.
(ii) When we use bicycle for covering short distances instead of a motor bike.
Answer: (i) Coal is conserved when we save on electricity.
(ii) Petroleum is conserved when we use bicycle for covering short distances instead of a motor bike.

Question. Name any two inexaustible resources.
Answer :  Solar energy and bio-mass are inexaustible resources

Question. What is major cause of Ganga river pollution?
Answer: The main cause of water pollution in the Ganga river are the increase in the population density, various human activities such as bathing, washing clothes, the bathing of animals, and dumping of various harmful industrial waste into the rivers.

Question. Write the main objective of conservation of biodiversity. 
Answer: The main objective of conservation of biodiversity is that the loss of diversity may lead to loss of ecological stability.

Question :  In which reign of India bundhis are used for water harvesting? 
Answer :  Bundhis are used for water harvesting in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Question :  Why we give Stockholm Water Prize? 
Answer :  The Stockholm water prize is rendered for conservation of water resources

Question :  What is coliform? 
Answer :  Coliform is a group of bacteria.

Question :  Who was the mastermind of Arabari project?
Answer :  A.K.Banarjee started the Arabari project. 

Question : Name the famous plants of dry tropical forests. 
Answer : Dendrocalamus (a type of bamboo) and Santalum album (Sandal wood).

Question. List two causes of pollution of river Ganga.
Answer :  (i) Human remains after death (ii) Industrial waste (iii) Religious festivals (Any two)

Question :  What do you mean by afforestation?
Answer :  Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid of any trees to create a forest.

Question :  Why there should be equitable distribution of our resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources.
Answer : There should be equitable distribution of resources because nature never discriminate any community. It equally benefits to all kinds whether they are poor or rich. It is everyone's right to consume them. Some forces which are working against equitable distribution such as lack of resources, excessive consumption and exploitation by rich.

Question. List the products of combustion of fossil fuels. What are their adverse effects on the environment? 
Answer :  When fossil fuels are burnt, carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur are formed. If the combustion takes place in insufficient air, then carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide. Of these products, the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous gases and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Question. Define (a) Biomass (b) Anaerobic degradation
Answer :  (a) The material contained in the bodies of plants and animals is called biomass.
(b) Breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms when oxygen is not present is known as anaerobic degradation.

Question. How does increasing demand for energy adversely affect our environment?
Answer :  To meet the increased demand for energy, more and more natural resources are exploited. Pollutants are emitted during exploitation and use of natural resources which affect our environment.

Short Answer Questions

Question. List four measures that can be taken to conserve forests. 
Answer: Forests can be conserved in the following ways:
(i) By silviculture—It means reforesting those forest lands from where large number of trees have been cut in a planned way.
(ii) By taking the help of the local people in conserving the forests, e.g., Sal forests of Arabari forest range of West Bengal were conserved with the help of the local people by the Forest Department of that state.
(iii) Encouraging the people not to overuse the materials obtained from the forests, e.g., timber.
(iv) Indiscriminate felling of trees for commercial gains should be stopped.
(v) Overgrazing in forests should be discouraged and forest fires should be prevented.

Question. “Burning fossil fuels is a cause of global warming.” Justify this statement.
Answer : Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are formed from biomass. In addition to carbon, they contain hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. When fossil fuels are burnt, the products are carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide increases the temperature on earth which leads to global warming.

Question. How does mining cause pollution?
Answer : Mining causes pollution because if produces large amount of slag which is discarded for every tonne of metal that is extracted.

Question. Name two industries based on forest produce.
Answer : Paper industries, bamboo, bidi and tendu leaves industries.

Question. Why are forests called as biodiversity hot spots?
Answer : Biodiversity hot-spot means a place where large number of species are found.
The range of different life forms i.e., bacteria, fungi, ferns, flowering plants, variety of animals likes, insects, birds, reptiles, aves, mammals etc are all found in the forest.

Question. What is water harvesting? What is the main purpose of water harvesting?
Answer : Rain water harvesting is collecting the rain water, allowing it to percolate, discharge down the earth and increase the ground water level. It is done to manage water.

Question. For the conservation of forest who can be a stakeholder.
Answer : (i) The people who live in or around forest.
(ii) The forest department of the government.
(iii) The industrialists.
(iv) The wildlife and nature enthusiasts who want to conserve nature.

Question. Give an example of people’s participation in the management of forests.
Answer : Saving of sal forest of Arabari in Midnapore District. 
Chipko Movement to protect the trees from cutting down in Reni village Garhwal.

Question. Why is it necessary to conserve forest and wildlife?
Answer : To preserve forest, maintain balance in the eco-system, prevent floods, droughts.

Question. Why do we need to use our resources carefully?
Answer : It is because these resources are limited and the human population is increasing at very fast rate, the demand for these resources is increasing. For long term usage andto preserve them we need to use our resources carefully.

Question. A tribe is living near the forest. Name two things which they will commonly use from forest.
Answer : Tribe will use timber, firewood, fruits, gum, medicines from the forest.

Question. What is wild life? How is wild life important for us?
Answer : Wild life means all the animals and plants that grow and live in forest, grow naturally, are not cultivated, domesticated and tamed.
Importance of wildlife:
(i) They help in maintaining ecological balance.
(ii) They provide aesthetic value for human beings.

Question. Write two advantages of classifying sources as renewable and non-renewable.
Answer : Classification of resources helps us in deciding the kind of resource we should use judiciously and wisely. The resource that is not limited. It also helps us to know the importance of using renewable source of energy.

Question. What are three basic cause that has brought criticisms about large dams projects?
Answer : (i) Social problem—as its construction displaces large number of tribals and local peasants without proper compensation and rehabilitation.
(ii) Economic problem—such projects need lot of money for the setup or construction without much of out-put or benefit.
(iii) Environmental problem—the construction causes deforestration and loss of biological diversity.

Question. Which is better—recycle or reuse? Give example.
Answer : Reuse is better because recycling needs extra energy.
E.g., the glass containers in which we get jam, pickles etc., can be reused at home to keep kitchen stuff but if it goes for recycling then lot of energy and money is spent on recycling it and getting a new bottle.

Question. Prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Comment.
Answer : It can be explained with one example—The great Himalayan Park contain alpine meadows which were grazed by sheep in summer. Nomadic shepherds drove their flock up from the valley every summer. When the National Park was formed this practice was banned. Because of no grazing, the grass first grew very tall and then fell over on the ground preventing fresh growth. Hence the traditional use was helpful for the forest maintenance.

Question. What are the advantages of water stored in ground?
Answer : (i) Does not evaporate.
(ii) Recharges wells.
(iii) No danger of mosquito breeding.
(iv) Better availability of potable water.

Question. How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short-term aims differ from the advantages of managing our resources with a long-term perspective?
Answer : Exploitation of natural resources with short-term aims means exploiting it for need, money and make them extinct but using the same resources with a long-term perspective means managing the resources wisely, judiciously and using them in such a manner that they are present for future generations to come i.e., sustainable management.

Question. Inspite of plenty rainfall in monsoon in some areas of India, there is failure to sustain water availability. Give reasons.
Answer : (i) Loss of forest cover prevents rainwater from seeping down the ground.
(ii) Underground water is not recharged.

Question. What are natural resources? State two factors that work against an equitable distribution of these resources.
Answer : The resources obtained from the earth and which are naturally occuring are called natural resources.
Two factors which works against an equitable distribution of these resources are:
(i) Materialisation and (ii) Energisation

Question. Give three main uses of fossil fuels.
Answer : (a) Fossil fuels are used for generating electricity i.e., Coal is used in thermal power plants on large scale to produce electricity.
(b) Coal and petroleum is also used in industries to prepare goods from raw-materials.
(c) Petroleum is used for transportation. In vehicles petrol or diesel is used.

Question. What is ‘Chipko Movement’? Why should we conserve forests?
Answer : ‘Chipko Movement’ is a non-political public movement for conservation of natural habitat and wildlife by preventing excessive commercial exploitation of forests. Chipko means ‘hugs’ and the movement was started by the villagers of Garhwal by hugging trees to stop the contractors from cutting the trees. We should conserve forests because it helps in protection of land, retaining subsoil water, checking floods, and thereby maintain in the ecosystem.

Question. Which of the two is a better option, (i) to collect rainwater in ponds or artificial lakes, or (ii) to let it recharge groundwater by water harvesting? List two advantages of the option to justify your Answer :
Answer : To allow rainwater to recharge groundwater by water harvesting is the better option. Its advantages are:
(i) Groundwater does not evaporate.
(ii) Groundwater does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Question. Suggest any four changes that you would like to incorporate in the life style of students of your age to move towards a sustainable use of available resources.
Answer : 1. Follow the principle of three R’s-reduce, recycle and reuse.
2. Plant more trees.
3. Use public transport, school bus and car pools.
4. Switch off unnecessary lights and fans, thereby save electricity.

Question. List four advantages of water stored in the ground.
Answer : Four advantages of storing water in the ground are:
1. It does not evaporate.
2. It is relatively protected from contamination by human and animal wastes.
3. It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.
4. It provides moisture for vegetation.

Question. Suggest three ways to maintain a balance between environment and development to survive.
Answer : The three ways to maintain a balance between environment and development to survive are as follows:
1. Forest resources should be used in an environment friendly and developmentally sound manner.
2. Instead of using non-renewable natural resources, use of renewable natural resources should be preferred.
3. Waste water generated by industries should be recycled.
We should use natural resources cautiously so that economic growth and ecological conservation go hand in hand.

Question. List any four characteristics of a good fuel.
Answer : 1. Higher calorific value
2. Lesser pollution
3. Sustainable for longer period
4. Easily transportable

Question. List five things you have done over the last one week to:
(a) conserve our natural resources.
(b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.
Answer: (a) (i) Planted one tree.
(ii) Not wasted electricity.
(iii) Not use vehicles for short distances.
(iv) Not used polythene bags.
(v) Reused old envelopes.
(b) (i) I forgot to switch off the lights of my room.
(ii) I used my personal vehicle to visit my friend.
(iii) I spoilt two exercise books by scribbling in them.
(iv) I did not close the tap while brushing my teeth.
(v) I threw household garbage on the road.

Question. List two main causes of the pollution of water of the river Ganga. State how pollution and contamination of river water prove harmful for the health of the people of neighbouring areas. 
Answer: Two main causes of the pollution of water of the river Ganga:
(i) Disposal of industrial effluents into the river.
(ii) Human activities like bathing, washing, immersion of ashes, etc.
Pollution and contamination of river water has led to various harmful effects on health of people in neighbouring areas who use river water for domestic or drinking purposes. It has led to various types of water borne diseases such as typhoid or cholera. Also human and industrial activities have lead to contamination of marine life which can be hazardous for consumption.

Question. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment-friendly?
Answer: We can use the concept of five R’s, i.e., Refuse, Repurpose, Reduce, Recycle and Reuse to save the environment.
Refuse means to say no to things people offer you that you don’t need. Refuse to buy products that can harm you and the environment, say ‘No’ to single-use plastic carry bags.
Reduce means to use less. We can save electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans, turn off the engine of the vehicles at red lights, etc.
Repurpose means when a product can no more be used for the original purpose, think carefully and use it for some other useful purpose. For example, cracked crokery or cups with broken handle can be used to grow small plants and as feeding vessels for birds. Recycle means collect used items like plastic, paper, glass and metal articles and recycle these materials to make required things instead of synthesising or extracting fresh plastic, paper, glass or metal. Reuse means to use things again and again. For example, the plastic bottles in which we buy various food items like jam or pickle can be used for storing things in the kitchen.

Question. What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Mention one effect of it. 
Answer: Biodiversity is the diversity of life in an area. It is the number and range of variety of species of life forms in an area.
The loss of biodiversity of an area will lead to the loss of ecological stability of the eco-system. It can result in environment disasters such as floods, forest fires, etc.

Question. List any two advantages associated with water stored in the ground. 
Answer: Advantages of underground water:
(i) The water stored in the ground does not evaporate.
(ii) The water stored in the ground does not promote breeding of mosquitoes.

Question. Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Out of the two reuse and recycle which, in your opinion, is better to practise? Give reason. 
Answer: Sustainable management is management that encourages the judicious use of natural resources to meet the current basic human needs while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations.
Reuse is a better practise than recycle as recycling requires a large amount of energy and money. In this strategy, we are encouraged to use things again and again instead of throwing them away with no expense of energy. Reuse also does not cause pollution. Example, plastic bottles of jams and pickles can be reused for storing things in the kitchen.

Question. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?
Answer: (i) Minimise use of fossil fuels.
(ii) Avoid wastage of electricity and water.
(iii) Recycle plastic, glass and other items which can be recycled.
(iv) We must make environment-friendly decisions such as plantation of trees, water harvesting, etc.
In short, I would like to follow the concept of the three ‘Rs’: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse to contribute to the mission of sustainable management of our resources.

Question. Forests are “biodiversity hot spots”. Justify this statement. 
Answer: Forests are ‘biodiversity hot spots’. The measure of the biodiversity of an area is the number of species found there. Since in a forest there is a wide range of different life forms (bacteria, fungi, fern, flowering plants, nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles and so on) it can be termed a ‘biodiversity hotspot’. One of the main aims of conservation is to try and preserve the biodiversity we have inherited.

Question. List four advantages of properly managed watershed management. 
Answer: Four advantages of properly managed watershed management are:
(i) Watershed management emphasizes scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. It strictly maintains the water quality.
(ii) Watershed management develops primary resources of land and water, to produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.
(iii) Watershed management increases the production and income of the watershed community.
(iv) It mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.

Question. Explain giving example where active involvement of local people lead to efficient management of forest. 
Answer: (i) People’s participation in the management of forests can help in increasing forest produce as well as in their conservation.
(ii) In 1972, the West Bengal Forest Department formulated a novel scheme to revive the degraded Sal forests by involving the local people.
(iii) A far sighted forest officer A.K. Banerjee involved the villagers of the area around the forest in the protection of 1272 hectares of badly degraded Sal forest.
(iv) In return for help in protecting the forest, the villagers were given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations of the forest, 25% of the final harvest produce, and were allowed to collect firewood and fodder from the forest area on nominal payment.
(v) With the active and willing participation of local people living around the forest, the degraded Sal forest of Arabari became thick and green within ten years.

Question. “Reuse is better than recycling of materials”. Give reason to justify this statement. 
Answer: The ‘reuse’ strategy is better than ‘recycling’ because even the process of recycling uses large amount of energy and money. In the reuse strategy we can preserve energy. For instance, plastic bottles in which we buy various food items like jam and pickle can be used for storing things in the kitchen. Whereas, if we send the discarded plastic bottles for recycling to the industry, we will be using energy sources for the recycling process.

Question. “What was Chipko Andolan”? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment? 
Answer: Chipko Movement. Chipko Movement is an example of contribution of common people towards the conservation of forests. The Chipko Movement also called ‘Hug the tree’ movement originated from an incident in a remote village called ‘Reni’ in Garhwal (Himalayas), where the people of this village clasped the tree trunks with their arms to protect them from being cut down by a contractor’s workers. The people acted this way because they knew that this mass deforestation would spoil their healthy environment. The forest trees were thus saved. The Chipko Movement quickly spread across all the communities and helped in the conservation of forests and thus helped in safeguarding the environment.

Question. “Burning of fossil fuels results in global warming”. Give reasons to justify this statement. 
Answer: When fossil fuels (coal and petroleum based fuels like petrol, diesel etc.) are burnt, they produce CO2, CO, water vapours, SO2, oxides of nitrogen.
Though CO₂ is not a poisonous gas but it is a green house gas which traps sun’s heat energy falling on the earth. The burning of more and more of fossil fuels is increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing increased greenhouse effect leading to global warming.

Question. Every one of us can do something to reduce our consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on 3-R approach. 
Answer: (i) We can reduce the use of LPG by making use of solar cooker for cooking food.
(ii) We can reduce the wastage of water by repairing the leakage in taps.
(iii) We should collect all the discarded household items like newspapers, broken plastic items, glass bottles etc. and send them to the respective industries for recycling to make fresh paper, plastic and glass objects.
(iv) We can drink soft cold drinks available in the glass bottles instead of pearlpet or metal containers as these glass bottles can be refilled and thus reused again.

Question. Why are forests considered “biodiversity hot spots”? List two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife.
Answer: Due to the presence of a large number of species (of plants and animals) threatened with extinction, forests are said to be ‘biodiversity hotspots’.
The two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife are:
(i) As individuals we can try to cut down the use of products directly obtained from forests such as gum, rubber, wood, paper, etc., thereby protecting against the excessive cutting of trees.
(ii) As individuals we must discourage and protect against the poaching of wild animals for commercial use.

Question. What is meant by “sustainable management”? Why is reuse considered better than recycling? 
Answer: The development and management of resources in such a way which meets the current basic human needs and also preserves the resources for the needs of future generations, is called sustainable management. The process of ‘reuse’ is considered better than the process of ‘recycling’ because recycling requires the use of a large amount of energy and money whereas no energy is required for reusing materials.

Question. (a) Why do we need to manage our resources carefully?
(b) Why management of natural resources requires a long term perspective? 
Answer: There are basically two following reasons:
(a) (i) The resources of the earth are limited.
(ii) The proper management can ensure equitable distribution of natural resources so that all the people can benefit from the developments of these resources.
(b) The proper management of natural resources takes into consideration a long-term perspective so that these natural resources are used judiciously at present and their exploitation to the hilt for short term gains is prevented. This is essential to meet their future needs and demands.