CBSE Class 10 Biology Life Processes Nutrition In Plants Worksheet

Question. Which part of alimentary canal receives bile from the liver ?
(a) Stomach
(b) Small intestine
(c) Large intestine
(d) Oesophagus
Answer : (b) Small intestine

Question. In which part of alimentary canal food is finally digested ?
(a) Stomach
(b) Mouth cavity
(c) Large intestine
(d) Small intestine
Answer : (d) Small intestine

Question. The pancreatic juice does not contain one of the following enzymes.
(a) Trypsin
(b) Amylase
(c) Lipase
(d) Ptyalin
Answer : (d) Ptyalin

Question. The pancreas pour the secretions into the :
(a) Small intestine
(b) Large intestine
(c) Stomach
(d) Duodenum
Answer : (d) Duodenum

Question. The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for :
(a) Nutrition
(b) Respiration
(c) Excretion
(d) Transportation
Answer : (c) Excretion

Question. The opening and closing of stomatal pores depends upon :
(a) Oxygen
(b) Water in guard cells
(c) Concentration of carbon dioxide in stomata
(d) Temperature
Answer : (b) Water in guard cells

Question. In which of the following vertebrate groups heart does not pump oxygenated blood to different parts of the body ?
(a) Pisces and amphibians
(b) Amphibians and reptiles
(c) Amphibians only
(d) Pisces only
Answer : (d) Pisces only

Question. During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human beings pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid in :
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi body
Answer : (a) Cytoplasm

Question. Excess glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the :
(a) Villi
(b) Liver
(c) Blood
(d) Lymph
Answer : (b) Liver

Question. The correct path of urine flow in our body is :
(a) Kidney → Ureter → Urethra → Urinary bladder
(b) Kidney → Urinary bladder → Urethra → Ureter
(c) Kidney → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra
(d) Urinary bladder → Kidney → Ureter → Urethra
Answer : (c) Kidney → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra

Question. Match the following
Column I          Column II
(a) Trypsin        (i) Liver
(b) Amylase      (ii) Gastric glands
(c) Bile             (iii) Pancreas
(d) Pepsin         (iv) Saliva
Answer : (a) (iii), (b) (iv), (c) (i), (d) (ii).

Question. Fill in the blanks
(a) Bowman's capsule and tubule taken together make a ............................... .
(b) The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are ............................... .
(c) The process in plants which converts light energy into chemical energy ............................... .
Answer :
(a) Nephron, (b) Kidneys, (c) Photosynthesis

Very Short Answers Type Questions

Question. In the experimental set up to show that ’’CO₂ is given out during respiration’’, name the substance taken in the small test tube kept in the conical flask. State its function and the consequence of its use. 
Answer : The chemical kept in the test tube is KOH–Potassium Hydroxide. The function of this chemical is to absorb the vapours of CO₂. Consequence : The water level rises in the test tube dipped in beaker and partial vacuum is created.

Question. How is O₂ and CO₂ transported in human beings ?
Answer : Oxygenated blood containing oxygen (O₂) content is transported in human beings by the arteries or by haemoglobin of red blood corpuscles. The deoxygenated blood containing carbon-dioxide (CO₂) content is carried by the veins or by plasma of the blood.

Question. Name the raw materials needed by green plants for photosynthesis ?
Answer : Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials needed by green plants for photo-synthesis.

Question. Give the chemical equation for photosynthesis ?
Answer :         Sunlight
6CO₂ + 12H₂O     →     C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O
                      hlorophyll

Question. Give the energy transformation that takes place in the process of photosynthesis ?
Answer : During the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted into chemical energy.

Question. How can we destarch a plant ?
Answer : A plant can be destarched by placing it in dark for 24– 48 hours.

Question. What are the end products of aerobic respiration ?
Answer : The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

Question. Why is energy required by an organism even during sleep ?
Answer : Even though an organism is asleep, various biological activities like respiration, circulation, digestion etc., occurs in the body which needs energy.

Question. The pharynx leads to trachea as well as to the oesophagus. The two openings lie very close to each other. Yet the food we swallow does not normally go to trachea. Why ?
Answer : The opening of trachea is guarded by a muscular flap like structure called epiglottis. When we swallow our food it closes the opening of trachea thus food goes into oesophagus and not to trachea.

Question. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds ?
Answer : Mammals and birds are warm blooded animals so they need to maintain their constant body temperature and they need more energy to maintain their body temperature. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body thus they get more energy which helps them in maintaining their body temperature.

Question. Why does our blood look red ?
Answer : Blood contains haemoglobin which is an oxygen carrying pigment that makes the blood look red.

Short Answers Type Questions

Question. (a) State the role played by the following in the process of digestion.
(i) Enzyme trypsin
(ii) Enzyme lipase
(b) List two functions of finger like projections present in the small intestine.
Answer :
(a) (i) Trypsin is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins. In the small intestine, trypsin breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach. It may also be referred to as a proteolytic enzyme, or proteinase. Trypsin is produced by the pancreas in an inactive form called trypsinogen. The trypsinogen enters the small intestine through the common bile duct and is converted into active trypsin. This active trypsin acts with the other two principal digestive proteinases namely pepsin and chymotrypsin, to breakdown dietary protein into peptides and amino acids. These amino acids are essential for muscle growth, hormone production and other important bodily functions.
(ii) Lipase enzyme breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules known as glycerol and fatty acids. A little quantity of lipase, known as gastric lipase is produced by the cells of the stomach. This enzyme mainly digests fat present in the food. The pancreas is the primary source of lipase in the digestive tract, which produces pancreatic lipase which acts in the small intestine. The bile produced in the liver and liberated in the intestine transform dietary fat to smaller fat globules. Pancreatic lipase acts on these fat globules and converts them into glycerol and fatty acids that are small, energy molecules. Glycerol and fatty acids move in blood and lymph vessels to move in every part of the body.
(b) The inner surface of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food. The digested food which is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine goes into our blood.

Question. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?
Answer : Unicellular organisms have only one cell and they do not have any specific organs for diffusion of gases. The cell itself is in direct contact with the environment so they can get oxygen easily by simple diffusion process. But in multicellular organisms large number of cells, tissues and organs are present which are not in direct contact with the environment. So, the requirement of oxygen by each and every cells cannot be fulfilled by simple diffusion process quickly. It has been estimated that in human beings a period of three years is needed to carry a molecule of oxygen from head to toe, if oxygen moves from one cell to another through diffusion process.

Question. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive ?
Answer : The following criteria decides whether something is alive :
(a) Movement and growth : All living organisms show movement like running, walking. They also show growth. They require energy for cell repair and replacement.
(b) Nutrition : They require food to derive energy in order to carry out their metabolic activities.
(c) Respiration : They inhale oxygen to break down glucose to release energy. During this process they exhale carbon dioxide.
(d) Reproduction : They reproduce to give birth to their new ones.
(e) Excretion : They eliminate waste products in the form of urine, faeces, etc., from their body.

Question. What are outside raw materials used by an organism ?
Answer : The important outside raw materials used by an organism are :
(a) Carbon dioxide, water and mineral nutrients are needed by autotrophic plants.
(b) Organic nutrients are required by heterotrophic organisms.
(c) Oxygen is used for respiration by both autotrophs and heterotrophs for oxidation of glucose to release chemical energy in form of ATP.

Question. What would happen if green plants disappear from earth ?
Answer : Green plants are autotrophs i.e., they prepare their own food. All herbivores and carnivores depend directly or indirectly on green plants for their food. Herbivores directly eat plants and if green plants would not be there, they will die of starvation. Similarly, carnivores eat herbivores, if herbivores will die so naturally carnivores will also die. Green plants release oxygen to atmosphere by photosynthesis which is a life supporting gas. So, in short we can say, without green plants there may not be any chance for existence of living things.

Question. How are fats digested in our bodies ? Where does this process take place ?
Answer : The complete digestion of fats occurs in small intestine. Bile juice secreted by liver acts upon large fats to convert them into small globules by the process of emulsification. Lipase enzyme secreted by pancreas acts upon lipids to convert them into fatty acids and glycerol.

Long Answers Type Questions 

Question. (a) Write the correct sequence of steps followed during journey of oxygen rich blood from lungs to various organs of human body.
(b) What happens when the system of blood vessels develop a leak ? 
Answer :
(a) (i) Oxygenated blood from lungs enters through the pulmonary vein into left atrium.
(ii) The left atrium relaxes while collecting the oxygenated blood. Then the left atrium contract and the blood goes into left ventricle.
(iii) The left ventricle relaxes while receiving the oxygenated blood then it contracts and the blood flows into different organs and parts of the body.
(iv) The deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body enters the right atrium through superior and inferior vena cava.
(v) The right atrium contract and the blood flows into right ventricle.
(vi) The right ventricle relaxes while receiving the deoxygenated blood then it contracts and the blood flows into lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery.
(b) Leakage would lead to a loss of pressure which would reduce the efficiency of the pumping system. To avoid this, the blood has platelet cells which circulate around the body and plug these leaks by helping to clot the blood at these points of injury.

Question. (a) Mention any two components of blood.
(b) Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body.
(c) Write the function of valves present in between atria and ventricles.
(d) Write one structural difference between the composition of artery and veins.
Answer :
(a) Red blood cells and white blood cells are the components of blood.
(b) The oxygenated blood goes into the left atrium from there it goes to the left ventricle and then to all the body organs.
(c) Valves prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atrium.
(d) Walls of arteries are thick and they carry oxygenated blood whereas walls of vein are thin and they carry deoxygenated blood.

Question. Describe the process of urine formation in kidneys.
Answer : Urine formation occurs in three steps :
(a) Ultrafiltration : Blood containing nitrogenous wastes flows with a great pressure through glomerulus. The liquid portion of the blood gets filtered through glomerulus and collects in the Bowman’s capsule which is called glomerular filtrate. This process is called ultrafiltration.
(b) Selective reabsorption : The glomerular filtrate contains a lot of useful substances like glucose, water, salts etc., which gets selectively reabsorbed by different parts of renal tubule. This process is called selective reabsorption.
(c) Tubular secretion : Distal convoluted tubule part of nephron secretes some harmful substances like salts, antibiotics like penicillin etc., to the forming urine which is called tubular secretion.
The formed urine is then received by collecting ducts which pours into the pelvis of kidney.

Question. Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons ?
Answer : Structure of nephron : Nephron is the structural and functional unit of life. It has the following parts :
(a) Bowman’s capsule : It is a thin walled cup like structure which contains a knot like mass of blood capillaries called glomerulus. Both Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus are together called malpighian capsule.
(b) Proximal convoluted tubule : It is a convoluted region found near Bowman’s capsule.
(c) Loop of Henle : It lies next to proximal convoluted tubule which is U shaped structure.
(d) Distal convoluted tubule : It is the end part of the nephron which opens to collecting duct.

Functions of nephron : The formation of urine occurs in three steps :
(a) Ultrafiltration : Blood flows under high pressure in glomerulus and the liquid portion of the blood filter out from glomerulus and passes to the cup shaped cavity of Bowman’s capsule and this process is called ultrafiltration.
(b) Selective reabsorption : It is the process of selective absorption of useful substances like glucose, water, some salts etc., from glomerular filtrate which is obtained from ultrafiltration by different parts of nephron.
(c) Tubular secretion : Some harmful substances like chemicals, drugs like penicillin, potassium ions etc., are released by renal tubule to the forming urine called tubular secretion.

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