CBSE Class 10 Biology Life Processes Nutrition Worksheet Set D

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions
Directions : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion : Left atrium possesses the thickest muscles.
Reason : Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Answer : (d) 

Question. Assertion : The rate of photosynthesis will be lowered if the leaves are coated with oil.
Reason : Stomata get’s blocked and thus gaseous exchange is affected.
Answer : (a) 

Question. Assertion : Doctors can tell by counting the pulse rate and listening to heart beats whether a person is well or not.
Reason : Pulse rate and heart beats change according to the condition of our heart.
Answer : (a) 

Question. Assertion : Urinary bladder and ureters are lined by transitional epithelium.
Reason : Ureters carry the urine to urinary bladder where it is stored temporarily.
Answer : (b)

Question. Assertion : The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important at night.
Reason : During day, stomata is open, transpiration takes place which help in transport of water.
Answer : (a)

 

Creating Based Questions

Question. Create a correct pathway taken by urine in our body ?
Answer : Kidney → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra.

Question. Ravi was diagnosed with kidney failure. He was advised to undergo dialysis for twice in a week. After undergoing dialysis for a month he was unable to continue the treatment as it is very painful. What alternative treatment solution can you suggest for Ravi other than dialysis.
Answer : A person diagnosed with kidney failure can undergo kidney transplantation other than dialysis. It is the transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. A healthy donor can donate his or her kidney to the patient via surgery.

Question. Using the following words develop the transport system in plants : Xylem, food, roots, leaves, stem, soil, phloem, water.
Answer : Plants have water and food transport system. Water transport system–root absorb water from the soil, xylem is a tissue that conducts water from the roots to the upper part of plant. It is unidirectional.
Food transport system — food prepared by the leaves is transported by phloem to other parts of the plant. It is bidirectional.

Question. If a person has a systolic pressure of 140 mm of Hg and the pulse pressure is 40 mm of Hg. Solve it with the help of this information and find out the diastolic pressure.
Answer : We know that pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. So, let us take diastole pressure as X.
Systole pressure – Diastole pressure = Pulse pressure
140 – X = 40
So, X = 140 – 40
= 100 mm of Hg.

Question. Using the following information form a pathway showing the flow of blood through heart. And also include information that is not mentioned below to complete it. Left ventricle, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, tricuspid valve, left auricle, bicuspid valve, right auricle, lungs, right ventricle and pulmonary vein.
Answer : 
Right side of the heart :
Inferior + superior vena cava → brings deoxygenated blood from the body → enters right auricle → through tricuspid valve enters right ventricle → through → pulmonary artery enters lungs for purification of blood.
Left side of heart :
Oxygenated blood enters from lungs → left auricle via pulmonary vein → left ventricle via bicuspid valve → aorta → rest of the body.
[Words marked in BOLD are new information which is not mentioned]

 

Case Study Based Questions

1. Read the following and answer any four questions from 1(i) to 1(v):

When we are injured and start bleeding, the loss of blood from the system has to be minimised. In addition, leakage would lead to a loss of pressure which would reduce the efficiency of the pumping system.

Question. Which of the following cells present in blood help in clotting of blood at the point of injury?
(a) R.B.C
(b) W.B.C
(c) Platelets
(d) Mucus cells
Answer : C

Question. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
(a) Mixing of blood would lead to clotting.
(b) For efficient supply of oxygen and to maintain body temperature.
(c) Birds need more blood for flying.
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. Choose the correct option with respect to blood circulatory system in humans.
(a) A-Veins, B-Pulmonary artery, C-Pulmonary vein
(b) A-Vena cava, B-Pulmonary vein, C-Pulmonary artery
(c) A-Vena cava, B-Pulmonary artery,C-Pulmonary vein
(d) A-Veins, B-Pulmonary vein, C-Pulmonary artery
Answer : C

Question. Which of the chamber of heart muscles are thick?
(a) Ventricles
(b) Atrium
(c) Septum
(d) Right atrium only
Answer : A

Short Answers Type Questions

Question. What is transpiration ? List its two functions.
Answer : The evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant is called transpiration.
Functions of transpiration :
(a) It helps in the upward movement of water and minerals from root to the leaves through the stem and in the absorption.
(b) Helps in cooling the plant surface.

Question. (a) What is translocation ? Why is it essential for plants ?
(b) Where do the substances in plants reach as a result of translocation ? 
Answer : (a) The transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation. Translocation is essential for plants because without it food prepared by the leaves cannot reach other parts of the plant for their growth and development.
(b) The substances in plants reach to other tissues in plants from the leaves, fruits, seeds and other growing organs as a result of translocation.

Question. List two types of the transport system in human beings and write the functions of any one of these.
Answer : Lymphatic system and blood circulatory system are two types of the transport system in human beings.
Functions of blood circulatory system :
(a) It carries nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.
(b) Removes CO₂ from the body cells.
(c) It carries digested food from the small intestine to other parts of the body.
(d) It carries hormones from endocrine glands to different organs fo the body.

Question. Write three types of blood vessels. Give one important feature of each.
Answer : The three types of blood vessels are :
(a) Arteries (b) Veins
(c) Capillaries
(a) Arteries : They carry oxygenated blood from the heart and transport it to organs.
(b) Veins : They carry deoxygenated blood from organs and take this blood to the heart.
(c) Capillaries : Arteries and veins divide to form arterioles and venules. The nutrients, hormones and gases can diffuse into the tissue cells through the walls of capillaries and vice-versa.

Question. Name the following :
(a) Mode of nutrition of the cuscuta plant.
(b) First form of food substance produced during photosynthesis.
(c) Organisms which live on or inside the body of another organism and depend on it for food.
(d) Small openings present on leaf surface.
Answer :
(a) Parasitic mode of nutrition
(b) Glucose
(c) Parasites
(d) Stomata

Long Answers Type Questions 

Question. Explain the mechanism of photosynthesis.
Answer : Photosynthesis is the biological process in which autotrophs prepare their own food. The process of photosynthesis occurs in two phases–Photochemical phase and Biosynthetic phase.
The overall photosynthesis process can be represented in the form of a chemical reaction as :
6CO₂ + 12H₂O     Sunlight →    C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O.
                           chlorophyll

(a) Photochemical phase or Light dependent phase : It occurs in thylakoid or grana of chloroplast. Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight energy which leads to photolysis of water molecule. The hydrogen produced due to splitting of water is carried by NADP forming NADPH. Oxygen is produced as byproduct during this phase.
(b) Biosynthetic phase or Light independent
phase : It occurs in stroma of chloroplast. This phase does not require light. Here carbon dioxide is converted to glucose using energy molecule ATP and NADPH. 

Question. Explain the digestion process in human beings.
Answer : Carbohydrates, proteins and fats present in food are digested in different parts of the alimentary canal as follows :
(a) Mouth : Salivary glands are present in mouth which secretes saliva that contains the enzyme salivary amylase or ptyalin. Ptyalin acts upon starch to convert into maltose.
Starch + Salivary amylase → Maltose
(b) Oesophagus : No digestion occurs in this part. Only food in form of bolus passes through it by peristalsis to reach the stomach.
(c) Stomach : Gastric glands present in stomach secrete pepsin which is a protein digestive enzyme.
Proteins + Pepsin → Peptones and Proteoses
(d) Small intestine : It receives bile juice from liver,pancreatic juice from pancreas and intestinal juice secreted by intestine.
Bile helps in emulsification of fats so that lipase enzyme can easily acts upon fats to convert into fatty acids and glycerol.
Bile → Emulsified fats + Lipase → Fatty acids + Glycerol
Trypsin found in pancreatic juice acts upon peptones and proteoses and converts to peptides.
Trypsin + Peptones → Peptides
The complete digestion of carbohydrates to glucose, proteins to amino acids and lipids to fatty acids and glycerol is done by intestinal juice in small intestine.
(e) Large intestine : It receives the undigested and unabsorbed food from small intestine. Most of the water is absorbed here and the remaining is converted into a semi-solid waste material called faecus. The faecal matter is stored in rectum and is removed through anus from time to time.

Question. How are water and minerals transported in plants ?
Answer : Water and minerals are transported in plants by xylem. Water containing minerals is called sap which is carried by xylem vessels to all parts of the plant from the roots. Root hairs absorb water from the soil by the process of osmosis whereas mineral salts are absorbed from the soil by the process of active transport. Water and minerals absorbed by the root hairs passes from cell to cell through epidermis, root cortex, endodermis and root xylem. The xylem vessels of the root of the plant are connected to xylem vessels of the stem so water passes from root to stem and finally to leaves. Water is used up for photosynthesis and some of water is also lost through leaves by the process of transpiration. The pressure at the xylem vessels of leaves is reduced due to transpiration so it creates a suction force and water rises from xylem vessels of stems and roots thus forming a continuous flow of water and mineral salts. 

 

1 What is life process? 

2 Mention few characteristics of living things. 

3 Name the type of nutrition

a) Fungi like bread mould , yeast , mushroom breakdown the food materials outside the body and absorb it.

b) Cuscuta , lices and ticks derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing them.

4 If you wanted to test whether chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis, what kind of plant would you use?

5 Which is the first enzyme to mix with food in the digestive system? 

6 When a leaf is tested for starch, what reagent removes chlorophyll? 

7 Name the stored form of carbohydrate in animals and plants. 

8 In the experiment “Light is essential for photosynthesis” why do the uncovered part of the leaves turn blue black after putting iodine solution?

9 Small intestine is the site of complete digestion of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Name the end products of their digestion.

10 Write the aim of the experiment when potted plants kept with potassium hydroxide and without potassium hydroxide under a bell jar to assess the rate of photosynthesis.

11 Give a balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. 

12 Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with Vaseline to block the stomata. Will this plant remain healthy for long? State three reason for your answer.

13 What are the major events occurring during the process of photosynthesis? 

14 Draw a diagram showing the cross section of a leaf and label the parts. 

15 Give examples for heterotrophs which break down food material

a) outside the body b) inside the body

16 Chewing a piece of bread in the mouth for a period of time makes it sweeter. Give reason.

17 Write the name / terms associated with the following

a) the natural phenomenon involved in autotrophic nutrition

b) the organelle of the leaf in which photosynthesis takes place

c) the photosynthetic pigment which absorb light energy

d) the structures associated with vascular bundle

18 Which digestive secretion does not contain any enzyme but is very important in the process of digestion. Comment on it.

19 Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores? 

20 Explain the mode of feeding in amoeba. Draw diagrams to illustrate 

21 Match the following pair of statements (associated with an experiment in photosynthesis) and place them in the correct order in which they occur

 

 

22 What is peristalsis? . Explain both mechanical as well as the chemical part of digestion of food in the mouth of man.

 

23 Villi are richly supplied with blood vessels and take the absorbed food to each every cells of the body where it is utilized. Mention the name of the major absorbed nutrients and their utilization.

 

24 Appu collected his saliva and mixed it with liquid A in the test tube. In another test tube he took only liquid A. After 10 minutes, he added a few drops of iodine solution in the mixture in the first test tube. It did not show any colour but when he treated the other test tube with iodine, a blue black colour appeared. Now answer –

 

a) What is the aim of this activity?

b) What is liquid A?

c) Why did the first test tube not shown any colour change with iodine while the second one did?

d) Which enzyme is responsible for such a result?

 

25 Explain the process of digestion of food in the stomach. Briefly mention the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

 

b) How passage of food from the stomach is regulated onwards?

 

26 What is emulsification? Explain the process of fat digestion in the gut of man.

 

27 Study the diagram below and answer the following questions

 

a) The plant was kept in the dark room for 24 hrs before being placed in sunlight. Why?

 

b) What is the function of the potassium hydroxide solution?