CBSE Class 10 Social Science Water Resources MCQs

Multiple Choice Questions

Question : The total volume of the world’s water is estimated to exist as ocean:

a) 75.5%
b) 85.5%
c) 95.5%
d) 65.5%

Answer : C

Question : Roof top rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in-

a) Shillong
b) Guwahati
c) Imphal
d) Patna

Answer : A

Question : On which river has Nagarjun Sager Dam been constructed?

a) River Coyana
b) River Krishna
c) River Godavari
d) river Tapti

Answer : B

Question : How much %of the Earth’s Surface is covered with water?

a) About 70%
b) About 90%
c) About 60%
d) None of these

Answer : A

Question : What is the rank of India in the world countries in the terms of Water availability per person p.a.?

a) 129th
b) 130th
c) 131st
d) 133rd

Answer : D

Question : It is predicated that nearly 2 billion people will live in absolute water scarcity in the year of –

a) 2015
b) 2020
c) 2025
d) 2030

Answer : C

Question : The first & the only state in India which has made Roof Top Rain water Harvesting Structured compulsory to all the across the state is –

a) Karnataka
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Kerala
d) none of these

Answer : B

Question : The total volume of the world’s water is estimated to exist as ocean:

(a) 75.5%    
(b) 85.5%   
(c) 95.5%   
(d) 65.5%

Answer :  C

Question : Roof top rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in-
(a) Shillong   
(b) Guwahati   
(c) Imphal   
(d) Patna

Answer :  A

Question : On which river has Nagarjun Sager Dam been constructed?   
(a) River Coyana 
(b) River Krishna   
(c) River Godavari   
(d) river Tapti

Answer :  B

Question : How much %of the Earth’s Surface is covered with water?   
(a) About 70%   
(b) About 90%   
(c) About 60%   
(d) None of these

Answer :  A

Question : What is the rank of India in the world countries in the terms of Water availability per person p.a.?   
(a) 129th 
(b) 130th   
(c) 131st   
(d) 133rd

Answer :  D

Question : It is predicated that nearly 2 billion people will live in absolute water scarcity in the year of –   
(a) 2015   
(b) 2020   
(c) 2025   
(d) 2030

Answer :  C

Question : The first & the only state in India which has made Roof Top Rain water Harvesting Structured compulsory to all the across the state is –   
(a) Karnataka   
(b) Tamil Nadu   
(c) Kerala   
(d) none of these

Answer :  B 

Question : Which sector of economy is responsible for maximum exploitation of ground water resources?

(a) Domestic
(b) Industrial
(c) Agriculture
(d) None of these 

Answer : C

Question : Which group of states is highly affected by concentration of Arsenic:

(a) Rajasthan-Maharashtra
(b) Punjab-Haryana
(c) West Bengal-Bihar
(d) Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh 

Answer : C

Question : Which group of states is highly affected by concentration of fluoride in ground water resources:

(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Bihar-West Bengal
(c) Rajasthan-Maharashtra
(d) Punjab-Haryana 

Answer : C

Question : Environment Protection Act was implemented in:

(a) 1974
(b) 1986
(c) 1988
(d) 1997 

Answer : B

Question : Haryali program is related to development of:

(a) Forest Cover
(b) Watershed Development
(c) Soil Conservation
(d) Food Grain Production 

Answer : B

Question : Which one is not related to watershed development project:

(a) Haryali
(b) Neeru-Meeru
(c) ArwariPaniSansad
(d) Van Mahotsava 

Answer : D

Question : Which method is not related to rainwater harvesting?

(a) Green Belt
(b) Check dam
(c) Recharge well
(d) Eris 

Answer : D

Question : In which year national water policy was implemented?

(a) 2002
(b) 2008
(c) 2015
(d) 2005 

Answer : A

Question : Which one of the following type describes water as a resource?

(a) Abiotic
(b) Biotic
(c) Cyclic
(d) Non Renewable resource 

Answer : C

Question : Neeru-Meeru program belongs to which state?

(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Punjab
(d) Andhra Pradesh

Answer : D

Key Concepts of the lesson -
WATER SCARCITY AND THE NEED FOR WATER CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
Roof top rainwater harvesting, objectives of Rainwater harvesting, Meaning of multipurpose
river valley project, Causes of social movements for some dames, Bamboo drip Irrigation System, Khadins & Johads, Guls & Kuls, major sources of irrigation in India, Conserve of water resources.
Locating and Labeling ; Dams: (1) Salal; (2) Bhakra Nangal; (3) Tehri; (4) Rana Pratap Sagar; (5) Sardar Sarovar; (6) Hirakud; (7) Nagarjuna Sagar and (8) Tungabhadra.
 

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question. State any three objectives of Rainwater harvesting?
Answer: (a) To reduce run off water
(b) To raise the water table
(c) To reduce ground water pollution

Question. What is multipurpose river valley project? State any two purposes which are fulfilled by a river valley project?
Answer: Multipurpose river valley project consists a dam or series of dames on a river or rivers for fulfill many purposes like:
(a) irrigation
(b) electricity
(c) control flood
(d) check soil erosion
(e) inland navigation
(f) fisheries etc.

Question. Mention three major sources of irrigation in India, which source of irrigation is more popular in southern state? and Why?
Answer: (I) The three major sources pf irrigation in India are –
(a) Canals
(b) Wells & tube wells
(c) Tanks
(II) Tank irrigation
(III) Because Southern States are mostly come under Deccan plateau
which are not suitable for irrigation by canals

Question. What is “Water scarcity” what are its main causes?
Answer: “Water scarcity” means shortage of water.
CAUSES: (may write any two)
(a) Unequal distribution of rainfall
(b) Large & growing population
(c) Over exploitation of water
(d)Wastage of water by people 

Question. Name any two multipurpose river valley projects or dams which are causes of new social movements.
Why did people oppose them?
Answer: Two Multipurpose project which are caused social movements –
(a) Narmada –Bachao Andolan
(b) Tehri-Dam Andolan
(c) Sardar Sarover Dam
-Large scale displacement of local communities
-Environment issues
-Demand for Rehabilitation facilities from Govt.

Question. Explain in brief –
(a) Bamboo drip Irrigation System
(b)Khadins & Johads
(c) Guls & Kuls
Answer:
(1) In Meghalaya, 200 years old system of tapping stream and spring water by using Bamboo –pipes.
(2) People built division channels from rivers for irrigation to their field in western Himalaya is called Guls or kuls .
(3) People developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields were converted into rain storage structure in particularly western Rajasthan Jaisalmer called Khadins and Johads in other parts of its state.

Question. Why do we conserve water resources?
Answer: i)To safeguard ours from health hazards
ii) To ensure food scarcity
iii) To protect natural ecosystem (Explain all in brief)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question. How can rainwater be harvested? Explain. 
Answer: Rainwater can be harvested in the following ways :(any four points)
i) By digging ponds and tanks.
ii) By building embankments and check dams.
iii) By making arrangements for storage of rainwater on rooftops.
iv) By constructing concrete underground reservoirs.
v) By constructing reservoirs in park and public places and covering them with concrete slabs.
vi) Building plans should invariably be made only when there is a provision for water harvesting.

Question. What is the different causes of water pollution? Explain by four reasons.
Answer: The different causes of water pollution are:
(a) Mix-up of domestic wastes
(b) Mix-up of Industrial wastes,
(c)Use of Chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture
(d) Oil slicking by ships in oceans

Question. Match the following
    Column A                                                Column B
1. Social movement                                        a) highest rainfall in the world
2. A dam                                                        b) temples of modern India
3. Jawaharalal Nehru declared the dams as the  c) a barrier across flowing water that obstructs the flow 
4. Mawsynram                                                d) Narmada Bachao Andolan. 

Important Questions NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Water Resources 

Question :  “Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population in India.” Analyse the statement.

Answer : A large population leads to greater demand for water.

(i) A large population means more water not only for domestic use but also to produce more food in various agricultural practices.

(ii) Most of the Indian cities are facing the problem of water due to growing population. This happens because large amount of ground water is pumped out in densely populated colonies. This has drastically lowered the water table.

(iii) Large industries also makes huge demand on water. Further industrial pollution often pollutes the water bodies which further aggravates the situation.

Question :  How has ever increasing number of industries in India made worse position by exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources? Explain.

Answer :  After independence, industries are increasing at a rapid pace and have put pressure on existing fresh water resources, fresh water is limited, though renewable. In India, over-exploitation and mismanagement of this resource by industries is aggravating the water stress day-by-day.

(i) Industries especially heavy industries use huge amount of fresh water, they also pollute and waste a large amount of water.

(ii) These industries often depend on hydroelectric projects and this electricity is generated through damming the rivers upstream. So, the river almost dries in the lower stream areas.

(iii) Industries dump the chemical waste in the river, lake, etc. which then consequently pollute the water dangerously. These also contaminate the groundwater through seepage of industrial wastes. So, the increasing number of industries exert pressure on existing fresh water resources.

Question :  Mention any four main objectives of multipurpose river valley projects. Name any two Multipurpose Project of India.

Answer :  A project where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another is known as multipurpose project. It is built for irrigation, power generation, water supply, flood control, recreation, etc.

(a) Bhakra Nangal project

(b) Sardar Sarovar project

Question :  List any three advantages and three disadvantages of multipurpose river project.

Advantages :

Answer :  (i) These are an important source of power generation.

(ii) They provide us pollution free and economical energy which is the backbone of industry and agriculture.

(iii) These projects control the floods because water can be stored in them. These projects have converted many, rivers of sorrows into rivers of boon.

(iv) These projects are the main source of irrigation and also help in conserving soil.

Disadvantages.:

(i) Due to the construction of dams there are no adequate floods in the river. Because of this, the soil of the downstream regions do not get nutrient rich silt.

(ii) Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning.

(iii) It result in displacement of local communities. The Local people often have to given up their land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources.

Question :  'An area or region may have ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity'. Give any three arguments to support the statement.

Answer :  Many of our cities face this problem; they have adequate supply of water but much of it is unfit for consumption. Many of our cities are on rive banks, but the river water is no longer suitable for consumption because of the toxic wastes it receives.

This is also seen in many hilly areas where rain water is not adequately conserved.

Question :  Why is roof top water harvesting important in Rajasthan? Explain.

Answer :  Roof top water harvesting is important in Rajasthan because :

(i) It provides a good source of drinking water.

(ii) The rainwater can be stored in the tanks till the next rainfall, making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers.

(iii) Rainwater, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.

(iv) Many houses construct underground rooms adjoining the tanks' to beat the summer heat as it keeps the room cool.

(v) Some houses still maintain the tanks since they do not like the taste of tap water.

Question : "In recent years multipurpose projects and large dams have come under scrutiny and opposition". Explain why?

Answer :  The various reasons why multipurpose projects and large dams have come under scrutiny and opposition is because of the following reasons.

They affect natural flow of running water:

(i) Hence, it causes excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoir.

(ii) It results in rockier stream beds.

(iii) They also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for breeding.

Affect natural vegetation and soil :

(i) The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.

(ii) The flood plains are deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, further adding on to the problem of land degradation.

Create conflicts:

(i) The dams create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources.

(ii) Inter-state water disputes are also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the multi-purpose project.

Cause of many social movements:

(i) They have been a cause of many new social movements like the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’ etc.

Displacement of people :

(i) They results in the large-scale displacement of local communities.

(ii) Local people often had to give up their land, livelihood for the project.

(iii) This leads to widening of the social gap

(iv) The local people are not benefiting from such projects.

Failure to control flood :

(i) The dams that were constructed to control floods have often triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir and at the time of excessive rainfall.

(ii) It was also observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused waterborne diseases.

Change in cropping pattern:

(i) Availability of irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern.

(ii) Farmers have shifted to water intensive and commercial crops.

(iii) This has great ecological consequences like salinisation of the soil.

(iv) It has increased the social gap between the richer landowners and the landless poor.

Question : “Urbanisation has added to water scarcity.” Support the statement with arguments.

Answer :  (a) It is true that urbanization has aggravated water crisis in India. The urban centers support large populations which increases the water demand for personal uses.

(b) In the city housing societies or colonies have their own groundwater pumping arrangements to meet the water requirements. Thus, the water resources are over-exploited.

(c) The urban centers also have many largenumbers of industries. These industries use a huge quantity of water and exert pressure on the existing freshwater resources. Quite often the industries also pollute the water resources.

Question :  Why is groundwater a highly overused resource?

Answer :  Groundwater is a highly overused resource because of the following reasons:

(i) Due to large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water and unequal access to it.

(ii) To facilitate higher food grain production for large population,water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry season agriculture.

(iii) In the housing societies or colonies in the cities, there is an arrangement of ground water pumping devices to meet water needs. Often this is over exploited.

Question :  "Water scarcity is on an increase day by day:" Justify the statement citing three reasons.

Answer :  The reasons for water scarcity in India are :

(i) Seasonal and annual variation in precipitatio

(ii) Unequal access to water resources.

(iii) Overexploitation of water resources or fresh water bodies

(iv) Large and growing population resulting in greater demand for water resources particularly in cities.

A large population means, not only more water is required for domestic use but also for higher food grain productivity. This has led to over- exploitation of water resources to expand irrigated areas especially for dry season agriculture. It has also contributed to falling ground water levels, adversely affecting the water availability and food security of the people.

(v) Multiplying urban areas with dense population and modern life styles have created an ever-increasing demand for water and energy resources.

(vi) Pollution of water bodies due to discharge of industrial effluents, use of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers in agriculture, make the river water hazardous for human consumption.

Question :  Water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups'. Explain the meaning of the statement with the help of examples.

Answer :  The given statement means that most often over exploitation of water resources leads to water scarcity. An important example is growing of crops in dry season with the help of ground water. This had led to severe depletion of ground water levels in different parts of the country.

Distribution of water in terms of precipitation and availability through other sources is quite uneven. For example annual precipitation in Mawsynram, Meghalaya, is, 11,873 mm while annual rain in Jodhpur Rajasthan is less than 100 mm. The uneven rainfall creates its own problems. Whereas in areas of scarcity people try to save every bit of precipitation, a lot of water in areas of heavy rain goes waste.

Question :  Name any one river valley project which has significantly contributed to the loss of forests.

Answer :  Sardar Sarovar Dam

Question :  Explain any four reasons responsible for water scarcity in India.

Answer :  (i) The availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation.

(ii) Over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater need of the nation. Also, The given statement means that most often over exploitation of water resources leads to water scarcity. An important example is growing of crops in dry season with the help of ground water. This had led to severe depletion of ground water levels in different parts of the country.

Distribution of water in terms of precipitation and availability through other sources is quite uneven. For example annual precipitation in Mawsynram, Meghalaya, is, 11,873 mm while annual rain in Jodhpur Rajasthan is less than 100 mm. The uneven rainfall creates its own problems. Where as in areas of scarcity people try to save every bit of precipitation, a lot of water in areas of heavy rain goes waste.