CBSE Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density And Growth Worksheet

General patternsof population distribution in the world, density of population, factors influencing the distribution of population, population growth, trends in population growth, doubling time of world population spatial pattern of population change, impact of population change, demographic transition, population control measures.

GENERAL:

• people are real wealth of the country

• Country is known by its people

• Population of the world is uneven

“ Asia has many people where people are few and few places where people are very many”- George B. Cressey

PATTERNS OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

• Pop. Distribution refers to “ the way the people are spaced over the earth surface”

• 90 % of people are living in 10% of its land

• 10 most populas countries (CHINA, INDIA, USA, INDONESIA, BRAZIL,

PAKISTAN CIS BANGLADESH, JAPAN & NIGERIA) contribute 60% of population.

DENSITYOF POPULATION - RATIO BETWEEN LAND AND PEOPLE

Measured in persons per sq. km Density = Total population

Total Area(km sq)

HIGH DENSITY AREAS: (more than 200persons/sq km) NE USA, NW EUROPE, S, SE, & E ASIA

LOW DENSITY AREAS (less the 1 person / sq km) HOT AND COLD DESERTS, LOW LATITUDE AREAS

MEDIUM DENSITY : (11-50 persons /sq.km)OTHER THAN ABOVE TWO AREAS

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

• GEOGRPHICAL FACTORS

• Availability of water,

• Land forms,

• Climate,

• Soils

• ECONOMIC FACTORS

• Minerals,

• urbanization,

• industrialization

• SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS

• Religious factors,

• social and political unrest,

• border terrorism,

• govt. policies

• POPULATION GROWTH

• Change in number of persons of a place during a specific point of time, it may be positive or negative

• It may be represented in absolute numbers /percentage

• Change in population is an indicator of Economic Development

BASIC CONCEPTS ARE:

• growth of population,

• growth rate of population,

• natural growth of population,

• +ve growth of population

• –ve growth of population.

• Actual Growth of population

COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
• Birth rate,
• Death Rate,
• Migration
CRUDE BIRTH RATE: Number of live births in a year per thousand of population CBR =
Bi_PX 1000
CBR= Crude Birth Rate
Bi: live births P = mid year population
CDR=numberof death in aparticularyearper thousand population.
CDR= D_PX 1000
CDR= Crude Death Rate
D= NO. OF DEATHS P= ESTIMATED MID YEAR POPULATION

MIGRATION –
It is the spontaneous effort to achieve a better balance between population and resources. It may be permanent ,temporary/seasonal, it may be rural-rural ,rural-urban, urban-urban, urban – rural
Types of migration
• Immigration
• Emigration
FACTORS RESPOSIBLE FOR MIGRATION PUSH FACTORS:
• Unemployment,
• Poor living ,
• Political turmoil,
• Unpleasant climate,
• Natural disasters,
• Epidemics, and
• Socio- economics backwardness

PULL FACTORS:
• More attractive jobs,
• Good living conditions,
• Peace,
• Stability,
• Security of life,
• Pleasant climate

TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH:
Population growth is due to-
• Agricultural development,
• industrial revolution,
• transportation,
• sanitation and medical facilities,
• biotechnology,
• Information and computers technological revolution.
• Discovery of machines,
• medicines
Population Increased 10 times during last 500 years, 4 times in 20th century, 80 million people are added each year.

DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION
• More than one million to become one billion population
• It took 12 years to become from 5 billion to 6 billion
• Developed countries take more time than developing countries
• Liberia highest growth rate: 8.2% Latvia lowest growth rate: -1.5%

SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE
When it is small change applied to large population it is large, growth rate declines but pop still increase

IMPACT OF HIGH GROWTH OF POPULATION
• Depletion of resources
• Spread of epidemics
• Reduced life expectancy
• Increase in social crime rate
• Health problems

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
• Predict the future population of any area
• Any region changes from high BR & DR to low BR & DR
• progress from rural to urban
• Illiterate to literate

These are collectively known as demographic cycle
STAGE-I :
• High fertility,
• High mortality,
• Low growth,
• More epidemics,
• Variable food supply ,
• Agriculture is occupation,
• Low life expectancy,
• Illiteracy,
• Low level of technology -
• Rain forest tribes, Bangladesh

STAGE -II
• Fertility remains high ,but decline with time,
• Reduced mortality,
• Medical facilities
• High growth rate
• Ex. Peru, Sri Lanka, Kenya

STAGE -III:
• Low birth rate and
• Death rate
• Slow growth
• Stable growth rate

CHARACTERSTICS OF URBAN POPULATION
• High technology
• Small families.
• Flexible families ex. Canada japan USA
• Population control measures:
• Limiting the population growth,
• Improving womens health,

PUPULATION CONTROL MEASURES
• Free availability of contraceptives,
• tax disincentives for large families,
• Government incentives for small families.

One marks questions

Question. Which Continent has the highest growth rate of population?
Answer: Africa

Question. Name three components of population change.
Answer: Birth rate , Death rate & Migration.

Question. Which country in the world has the highest growth rate of populations?
Answer: Liberia

Three Marks Question.

Question. What are the three stages of Demographic Transition ?
Answer: To predict the future population of an area, demographic transition theory can be used.
This theory explains 3 staged model of demographic transition:
Stage (i) High birth rate, high death rate , low growth rate : Example Bangladesh.
Stage (ii) Initially high birth rate , low death rate , high growth rate-example India
Stage (iii) Low birth rate, low death rate , stable or low growth rate –example Japan

Question. Classify the world into various regions on the basis of population density.
Answer: 1. Areas of high Density
(i) Monsoon Asia, South and South east Asia
(ii) Europe – river valley’s , coastal plains
(iii) Eastern coastal region of North America
2. Areas of Medium Density:
(i) Asia
(ii) Europe
(iii) USA ,Australia
(iv) Africa, South America
3. Areas of low Density:
(i) Hot Deserts
(ii) Areas around North & South poles
(iii) Cold Deserts
(iv) equatorial Region

Five marks Questions

Question. What is density of population? Explain with examples four geographical factors ,influencing the distribution of population in the World.
Answer: Density of population = population /Area
Geographical factors
(i) Availability of water
(ii) Landforms
(iii) Climate
(iv) Soil