CBSE Class 12 Geography Human Settlements Worksheet

GIST OF THE LESSON:

Classification ofsettlements

1. Rural settlements

2. Urbansettlements

Patterns of settlements

1. Compact or nucleated settlements

2. Dispersed settlements

RURALSETTLEMENTS

FACTORSINFLUENCINGRURALSETTLEMENTS

1. Watersupply

2. Land

3. Upland,

4. Building material

5. Defense

PLANNED SETTLEMENTS

1. Constructed bygovernment

2. Provideshelter, water anddrainagefacilities

3. Provideinfrastructure facilities

4. ex .Villagization in Ethiopia, Rajasthan canal in India

RURALSETTELEMENT PATTERN

I. BASED ON SETTING

1. Plain village, 2.plateau villages, 3. Coastal villages, 4. Forest villages, 5. Desert villages

II. BASED ON FUNCTION

1. Farming, 2 fisherman villages, 3.lumberjack villages, 4. Pastoral villages

III BASED ON SHAPE

1. Linear, 2. Rectangular, 3. Circular, 4. Star-shaped, 5. T-shaped, 6. Double Village, 7. Cross shaped Village

PROBLEMSOF RURALSETTLEMENTS

1. Lack of infrastructure

2. Supply of water

3. Road facility 

4. Waterbornediseases

5. Drought and flood

6. Absence of toilet and garbagedisposal

7: lack of ventilation

8. Lack of health facilities and education

9. Administrative town

10. Commercial towns

CLASSIFICATIONOF TOWNS ON THE BASISOF FORMS

1. Linear,

2. square

3. Crescent

Ex. ADDISABABA(THE NEWFLOWER) CANBERRA

BASED ON SIZE

• TOWN: enlarged villages manufacturing, retail,wholesale, professional services

• CITY:  it is a leading town, greater number offunctions, transport terminals, major financialinstitutions, and regional administrativeoffices

• CONURBATION: coined byPATRICK GEDDES in 1915. Merging number oftowns / cities ex.London,Manchester, Chicago, Tokyo

• MEGOLOPOLIS USED BYJean Guttmann: super metropolitan region it is a union of conurbationsex Boston toWashingtonMillion cities: London is the first town to reach onemillion in 1800 followed byParis in 1850, NewYork 1860, 1950 therewere 80cities 438 in 2005

• DISTRIBUTION OF MEGA CITIES Population More than 10 million, New York is the first to attain this status in 1950 with population 12.5 million.

There are 25 mega cities at present.

PROBLEMS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

1. Unsustainable concentration ofpopulation

2. Congested housing and streets

3. Lack of drinking water

4. Lack ofelectricity, sewagedisposal health and education facilities

5. Lack of transport facilities

6. Health and education facilities

7. Water and air pollution 

PROBLEMSOF URBAN SETTLEMENTS

I. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

1. Decreasing employment

2. Poor of semiskilled labour

3. Saturated employment opportunities

II SOCIOCULTURALPROBLEMS

1. Lack of health and educational facilities,

2. Transport facilities

3. Unbalanced sexratio,

4. Social ills,

5. Insufficientfinancial Resources,

6. Lack of basic needs

One marks question

Question. Name three factors on the basis of which the villages are separated from towns.
Answer: Size of population, economic and administrative basis.

Question. Which was the first million city in the world?
Answer: London

Question. Name the country with 100%urban population.
Answer: Singapore

Three marks question

Question. What is a healthy city? Explain its basic features.
Answer: World Health Organization suggests that a healthy city must have

• A clean and safe environment

• Meets the basic needs of all its inhabitants.

• Involves the community in local government.

• Provides easily accessible Health Service

Question. Classify rural settlements pattern on the basis of forms or shapes.
Answer: 1. Linear pattern

2. Rectangular pattern

3. Circular pattern

4. Star like pattern

5. Cross shapedpattern 

Question. Write a note on Addis Ababa.
Answer: Addis-NewandAbaba-Flower . This capital city of Ethiopia is often called the New flower.It was established in 1878 . It is located on a hill valley topography . Anew airport known as Bole airport has also been constructed. This multi –functional city is located in the centre of Ethiopia and grown rapidly in the recent past.

Five marks question

Question. What are the problems of rural settlement in developing countries?
Answer: (1) Poorly equipped with infrastructure

(2) Inadequate water supply

(3) General absence of toilets and Garbage disposal facilities.

(4) The house made up of mud, wood and thatch remains susceptible to damage during natural calamities.

(5) Lack of proper ventilation

(6) Unmetalled roads and lack of modern communication network.

More Question..

Question. What is a healthy city? Explain its basic features.
Answer: World Health Organization suggests that a healthy city must have
• A clean and safe environment
• Meets the basic needs of all its inhabitants.
• Involves the community in local government.
• Provides easily accessible Health Service

Question. Classify rural settlements pattern on the basis of forms or shapes.
Answer: 
1. Linear pattern
2. Rectangular pattern
3. Circular pattern
4. Star like pattern
5. Cross shapedpattern

Question. Write a note on Addis Ababa.
Answer: Addis-New and Ababa-Flower. This capital city of Ethiopia is often called the New flower. It was established in 1878. It is located on a hill valley topography. Anew airport known as Bole airport has also been constructed. This multi –functional city is located in the centre of Ethiopia and grown rapidly in the recent past.

Question. What are the problems of rural settlement in developing countries?
Answer: 
(1) Poorly equipped with infrastructure
(2) Inadequate water supply
(3) General absence of toilets and Garbage disposal facilities.
(4) The house made up of mud, wood and thatch remains susceptible to damage during natural calamities.
(5) Lack of proper ventilation
(6) Unmetalled roads and lack of modern communication network.

GIST OF THE LESSON:

Settlement -Cluster ofdwellings of anytypeor sizewherehumanbeings live. Theyvaryin sizefrom hamlet to metropolitan cities, theymaybesmall and large closed orspaced, and they may practice primary/secondary/tertiaryactivities.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURALAND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

RURAL                                                                       URBAN

1. Primaryoccupation                                              other than primary

2. Provide raw material                                           process the raw material

3. Produce food                                                      provide services

4. Low income                                                        high income

5. Low density                                                        high density

6. Spaced clustered

TYPES OF RURAL SETELEMENT:

CLUSTERED SETTLEMENTS:

1. Compact and closelybuilt houses

2. Living area is different from surrounding farms

3. Recognizable pattern

4. Different shapes such as geometric rectangular, radial, linear,

5. Sometimes defense maycause shape of the settlement

6. Availability of water also decides the shape

SEMI-CLUSTERD SETTLEMENTS:

1. Formed due to result from tendencyof clustered in restricted area of dispersed settlement

2. Segregation of large settlement may also cause

3. Some people may be forced to live separately from the main village

4. Dominance group live in the center of the village

5. People of lower strata live in out skirt of the village

HAMLETED SETTLEMENTS:

1. Physically separate dand located in different place having common name

2. They are locally called panna, parapalli, nagla, dhani

3. They are motivated by social and ethnic factors

4. Found mostly in middle and lower Ganga valley 

DISPERSED STTLEMENTS:

1. They are isolated huts or hamlets

2. Located on hills or agricultural lands

3. It is dueto nature of terrain, and land resource, water

4. Found in Meghalaya, Uttaranchal, HP, and Kerala

URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1. Compact and largein size

2. Non Agriculture, eco, admin activities

3. Exchange of goods and services

4. Directly linked with rural settlements

EVOLUTION OF CITIES IN DIFFIRENT PERIODS

1. ANCIENT TOWNS:

1. Developed as religious and cultural towns.

2. Over 2000 years old

3. Patna, Varanasi, Madurai, are examples

2. MEDIEVALTOWNS:

1. They are the headquarters of kingdoms

2. There are more than 100 towns

3. They are fort towns developed over ruinedforts

4. Delhi, Hydrabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra & Nagpur

3. MODERN TOWNS:

1. They are developed by British and other Europeans

2. Generally located on the coast

3. They were forts constructed by Europeans

4. Ex. Surat, Goa, Pondicherry, Mumabi, Madras, Calcutta

FUNCTIONALCLASSIFICATION OF TOWNS

1. Administrative towns: All capitals of states with national capital

2. Industrial towns: Mumbai. Salem, Coimbatore Modinagar, Jamshedpur

3. Transport towns: Kandla Cochin, vizag

4. Commercial towns: Satna Kolkata

5. Mining towns: Digboi, Ranigunj, Jharia

6. Garrison cantonment towns: Ambala, Mhow. Jalandhar

7. Educational towns: Pilani,Aligarh, Varanasi 

8. Religious cultural towns:Amritsar, Varanasi, Tirupati

9. Tourist towns: Shimla, Mussori, Nainital

Very short answer question

Question. What is the main activity in rural settlements?
Answer: PrimaryActivities

Question. Which types of settlements are found in the Northern Plains
Answer: Clustered

Question. When did evolution of town started in India?
Answer: In pre historic times – Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in Indus valley

Question. Name the local names of hamleted settlement
Answer: Panna, para, palli,Nagla, Dhani

Question. Name the satellite towns around Delhi.
Answer: Ghaziabad, Rohtak, Gurgaon and Faridabad

Question. Name the Metropolitan city of Bihar
Answer: Patna

Question. How many Mega Cities are there in India?
Answer: 6

Short answer question 

Question. Name the types of rural settlements.What are the factors responsible for the settlement patterns in different physical environment?
Answer:
1. Clustered settlements.
2. Semi clustered settlements
3. Helmeted settlements
4. Dispersed Settlements
Factors affecting patterns of rural settlements on:
a) Nature of Terrain
b) Altitude
c) climate
d) Availability of water

Question. Distinguish between rural and urban settlements.
Answer: Rural Settlement:
1. Primary activities are main occupation in these settlements and 75% population is engaged in primary occupation.
2. Population sizes are is low in these settlements.
3. Rural people are less dynamic and social relations are deep.
Urban settlement:
1. Non agricultural work is the main occupation in these settlements and 75% population is engaged in these activities.
2. Population Size is large in these settlements
3. Urban people are dynamic and their social relations are formal and complex.

Long answer question

Question. Write three differences between clustered and dispersed settlement of India.
Answer: Clustered Settlement:
1. These settlements are found in fertile plains.
2. Houses are close to each other and their size is small.
3. Sometime people live in compact villages due to security or defense reasons
Dispersed settlement:
1. These are found in hilly regions or desert areas.
2. Settlements are neat and clean with drainage arrangements.
3. Houses are big and are located at gaps.

Question. Classify Town and cities on the basis of population size.
Answer:
1. Population is more than one lakh is called a city.
2. Population is less than one lakh is called town.
3. Cities accommodating population between one to five million are called metropolitan cities.
4. Population more than five millions are mega cities.

Question. Discuss the factors that determine the type of rural settlement.
Answer:
1) Physical factor: relief, altitude, drainage, water table, climate and soil play an important role in determining the type of settlement.
2) Cultural Factor: ethnic and cultural factor such as tribal, caste, or communal identity is also important in determining the layout of rural settlement.
3) Historical factor: the villagers preferred to live in compact settlement in order to defend against the invaders.