CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chemistry in Everyday Life Questions

Points to Remember

1. A drug is a chemical agent which affects human metabolism and provides cure from ailment. If taken in doses higher than recommended, these may have poisonous effect.

2. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.

3. Drugs usually interact with biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. These are called target molecules.

4. Drugs are designed to interact with specific targets so that these have the least chance of affecting other targets. This minimises the side effects and localises the action of the drug.

5. Drugs like analgesics, antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, antacids and tranquilizers have specific pharmacological functions.

6. Antifertility drugs are used to control population. These contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.

7. Chemicals are added to food for preservation, enhancing their appeal and adding nutritive value in them.

8. Artificial sweetening agents like aspartame, saccharin etc. are of great value to diabetic persons and people who need to control their calories.

9. These days detergents are much in vogue and get preference over soaps because they work even in hard water.

10. Synthetic detergents are classified into three main categories namely anionic, cationic and non- ionic.

11. Detergents with straight chain of hydrocarbons are preferred over branched chain as the latter are non-biodegradable and consequently cause environmental pollution.

12. The unbranched hydrocarbon side chains of the detergent molecule are prone to attack by bacteria, so the detergents are bio-degradable and pollution is prevented.

VSA QUESTIONS (1 - MARK QUESTIONS)

1. Write the formula and IUPAC name of aspirin.

2. Name two types of the drugs classified on the basis of pharmacological effect.

 

3. What is the role of Bithional in toilet soaps?

 

4. Why is sodium benzoate added to packed containers of jams and pickles?

 

5. Name the type of drugs having following structural formula :

 

6. Why the receptors embedded in cell membrances show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other?

[Hint : The active site of receptor has specific shape and specific functional groups which can bind only specific messenger which fits in.]

 

7. With reference to which classification has the statement ‘ranitidine is an antacid’ been given?

[Hint : Classification based on pharmacological effect.]

 

8. Give the name of medicine used for the treatment of syphilis.

[Hint : Salvarsan].

 

9. Give the composition of tincture of iodine.

 

10. How does aspirin act as analgesic?

[Hint : Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins which cause pain.]