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Assignment for Class 12 Chemistry Unit 14 Biomolecules
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Unit 14 Biomolecules Class 12 Chemistry Assignment
Bio molecule
Gist Of The Chapter
1.Carbohydrates- These are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones due to presence of chiral `C’ or the compounds which produce these on hydrolysis except dihydroxy acetone is not optically active.
2. Classification-
(i) Monosaccharide’s – Those carbohydrates which cannot get hydrolysed e.g. glucose ,fructose, galactose etc.
(ii) Oligosaccharides- Those carbohydrates which give to or more monosaccharide’s on hydrolysis e.g. sucrose on hydrolysis gives glucose and fructose. Raffinose on hydrolysis gives glucose, fructose and galactose.
(iii) Polysaccharides- Those carbohydrates which on hydrolysis give large number of monosaccharide’s hydrolysis.eg starch, cellulose, glycogen.
3. Sugar-
(i) Reducing Sugars- Those which reduce Fehling’s or Tollen’s reagent. They have free aldehydic groups, eg , glucose, fructose , galactose
(ii) Non Reducing Sugars- Those which do not reduce Fehling’s or Tollen’s reagent. They do not have free functional group ,e.g., sucrose
4. Glucose- It is a monosaccharide’s with molecular formula C6H12O6
5. Preparation
(i) From Sucrose
C12H22O11 + H2O -------> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ( Only from sucrose)
(ii)From Starch
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O -------> C12H22011 + H20 ------> 2C6H12O6
6.Structure
(i)Fischer structure –
CHO — [CHOH] — CH2OH
[+] Glucose has `D’ configuration as shown
`D’ means —OHgroup on first chiral `C’ from the bottom is on right hand and + means it is dextro rotator, i.e, it rotates plane polarized light towards right.
(ii) Cyclic Structure OF Glucose: the straight chain is unable to explain the following reactions.
(a) It does not give the 2, 4‐DNP test, Schiff’s Test and does not form the hydrogensulphide product with NaHSO3 .
(b) The pentacetate of glucose does not react with NH2OH, indicating the absence of free aldehydic group.
(iii) Glucose exist in 2 different crystalline forms α and β forms. These are called anomers. They differ in optical rotation, they also differ in melting point.
Anomers are isomers which have a different configuration across C‐1 (first chiral ‘C’ atom).
7. Glycosidic Linkage:The linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen is called the glycosidic linkage.
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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Unit 14 Biomolecules Assignment
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Assignment for Chemistry CBSE Class 12 Unit 14 Biomolecules
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Unit 14 Biomolecules Assignment Chemistry CBSE Class 12
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Unit 14 Biomolecules Assignment CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
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CBSE Chemistry Class 12 Unit 14 Biomolecules Assignment
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