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VBQ for Class 10 Social Science India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World
Class 10 Social Science students should refer to the following value based questions with answers for India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World in Class 10. These VBQ questions with answers for Class 10 Social Science will come in exams and help you to score good marks
India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World VBQ Questions Class 10 Social Science with Answers
Objective Questions
Question : This city became the hub of the new print culture,catering to the Western-style schools :
(a) Mumbai
(b) Tokyo
(c) Shanghai
(d) New York
Answer : C
Question : The earliest print technology was developed in :
(a) China, Japan and Korea
(b) France, China and India
(c) Germany, Korea, Vietnam
(d) China, Japan and Germany
Answer : A
Question : Calligraphy is :
(a) the art of making ceramics
(b) the art of making pottery
(c) a style of music
(d) the art of beautiful and stylised writing
Answer : D
This poem was published by Tilak in Kesari and for this he was arrested by the British Government.
Source/Extract Based Questions
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
For centuries, silk and spices from China flowed into Europe through the silk route. In the eleventh century, Chinese paper reached Europe via the same route. Paper made possible the production of manuscripts, carefully written by scribes. Then, in 1295, Marco Polo, a great explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China. China already had the technology of woodblock printing. Marco Polo brought this knowledge back with him. Now Italians began producing books with woodblocks, and soon the technology spread to other parts of Europe. Luxury editions were still handwritten on very expensive vellum, meant for aristocratic circles and rich monastic libraries which scoffed at printed books as cheap vulgarities. Merchants and students in the university towns bought the cheaper printed copies. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:
Question : The route known as silk route because:
(a) Silk was the main item exported from Europe to China
(b) Silk was the main item exported from China to Europe
(c) The colour of this route was bright yellow
(d) Travellers were having very smooth journey on this route
Answer : (b)
Question : What is incorrect about Marco Polo?
(a) He was an Italian explorer
(b) He stayed in China for many years
(c) He introduced Chinese printing technology in Europe
(d) Before woodblock printing European were using only metallic printing
Answer : (d)
Question : Find out the incorrect about woodblock printing:
(a) It was invented in China
(b) It helped to spread printed material at cheaper rate
(c) It was very effective on porous sheets
(d) This technology was introduced in Europe by an explorer
Answer : (c)
Question : Which of the following is not correct about Vellum?
(a) A parchment made from the skin of animals
(b) It was expensive and used only by elite class
(c) The written material of vellum was generally nonserious fictions
(d) After introduction of woodblocks, vellum was also accessible to merchants and students
Answer : (d)
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Source – 1 : Religious Reform and Public Debates There were intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, brahmanical priesthood, and idolatry. In Bengal, as the debate developed, tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating a variety of argument.
Source–2 : New Forms of Publication New literary forms also entered the world of reading lyrics, short stories, essays about social and political matters. In different ways, they reinforced the new emphasis on human lives and intimate feelings, about the political and social rules that shaped such things.
Source–3 : Women and Print Since social reforms and novels had already created a great interest in women‘s lives and emotions, there was also an interest in what women would have to say about their own lives.
Source–1 : Religious Reform and Public Debates
(7.1) Evaluate how did the print shape the nature of the debate in the early nineteenth century in India.
Source–2 : New Forms of Publication
(7.2) To What extent do you agree that print opened up new worlds of experience and gave a vivid sense of diversity of human lives ?
Source–3 : Women and Print
(7.3) To what extent did the print culture reflect a great interest in women‘s lives and emotions ? Explain.
Answer : (7.1) From the early nineteenth century, there were intensive debates around religious issues. Different religious groups confronted the changes happening within colonial society in different ways and offered a variety of new interpretations of the beliefs of different religions.
(7.2) The print opened up new worlds of experience and a vivid sense of diversity because of following reasons:
(i) It created a new culture of reading because earlier there was a hearing public, now a reading public came into being.
(ii) It created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of debate and discussion.
(7.3) The print culture reflects a great interest in women’s lives and emotions by following ways :
(i) Women became important as readers as well as writers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as these were the manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping.
(ii) When novels began to be written in the nineteenth century, women were seen as important readers. Some of the best known women novelists were : Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot.
Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions
Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Question : Assertion : As literacy and schools spread in African countries, there was a virtual reading mania.
Reason : Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, carrying literacy to tribals.
Answer : (d) As literacy and schools spread in European countries, there was a virtual reading mania. Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, carrying literacy to peasants and artisans.
Question : Assertion : The new reading culture was accompanied by a new technology.
Reason : From hand printing there was a gradual shift to mechanical printing.
Answer : (a) The reason thus correctly justifies the assertion.
Question : Assertion : There was intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatory.
Reason : The Deoband Seminary founded in 1867, published thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in everyday lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.
Answer : (b) The reason does not justify the assertion.
Question : Assertion : The first book that Gutenberg printed was the Bible.
Reason : About 500 copies were printed and it took two years to produce them.
Answer : (c) About 180 copies were printed and it took three years to produce them. The reason is thus false.
Question : Assertion : Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. Reason : Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe.
Answer : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Question : Assertion : The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books.
Reason : Chinese paper reached Europe via the silk route.
Answer : (b) Copying was laborious, expensive and timeconsuming. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be carried around or read easily. Therefore, their circulation remained limited. The reason does not explain or justify the assertion.
Question : Assertion : Children became an important category of readers.
Reason : Primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century.
Answer : (a) The reason justifies the assertion.
Question : Assertion : In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. Reason : This led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Answer : (a) A printed copy of the Theses was posted on a Church door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in large numbers and read widely. The reason thus correctly justifies the assertion.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question. _______________ was a German goldsmith and inventor credited with inventing the movable type of printing in Europe.
Answer : Johann Gutenberg
Question. Name the first book published by Johann Gutenberg.
Answer : Bible
Question. Define Biliotheque Bleue.
Answer : Biliotheque Bleue : These are low priced small books printed in France These were printed on poor quality paper and bound in cheap blue covers.
Question. Who said “Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one ?
Answer : Martin Luther
Question. Name the countries where the earliest kind of print technology was developed
Answer : (i) China (ii) Japan (iii) Korea
Question. A historical account or folk tale in verse, usually sung or recited were called ____________.
Answer : Ballads
Question. Who invented power driven cylindrical press ?
Answer : Richard M Hoe of New York.
Question. What were Penny Chapbooks
Answer : Penny Chapbooks were pocket-sized books sold for a penny by paddlers known as Chapmen.
Question. Who printed the first Tamil book ?
Answer : Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book in 1579.
Question. Define Despotism.
Answer : Despotism : A system of governance in which absolute power is exercised by an individual, unregulated by legal and constitutional checks.
Question. When did the first printing press come to India?
Answer : First Printing press came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid-16th century.
Question. Define Fatwa.
Answer : A legal pronouncement on Islamic law usually given by a mufti (legal scholar) to clarify issues on which the law is uncertain.
Question. Which city of Europe had the breakthrough of first printing press?
Answer : At Strasbourg, Germany
Question. Define Calligraphy.
Answer : The art of beautiful and Stylish writing is known as calligraphy.
Question. ________________ was the art of woodblock printing introduced in Europe.
Answer : Marco Polo.
Question. Name the paper with which Bal Gangadhar Tilak was associated.
Answer : Kesari.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. Describe any three difficulties in copying manuscripts.
Answer : The main three difficulties in copying manuscripts were as follows:
(1) The copying of manuscript was an expensive, laborious and time consuming business.
(2) There was one more problem. The manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle. They could not be easily carried around or read easily.
(3) When scribes copied manuscripts, they also introduced small changes in word here and there. Repeatedly these changes made the text substantially different from the original.
Question. Why were the printed books popular even among illiterate people ?
Answer : (i) Those who could not read enjoyed listening to books being read out. So printers began publishing popular ballads and folk tales illustrated with pictures. (ii) These books were then sung and recited at gathering in villages and in taverns in towns. (iii) Indian writers like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay himself used to read his novels for illiterate gathering.
Question. Write a short note on Indian manuscripts.
Answer : India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts – in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, and other vernacular languages. Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper. Pages were beautifully illustrated. These manuscripts were bound between wooden covers or sewn together for preservation. Manuscripts were produced in India even after print technology was introduced.Manuscripts were expensive and fragile and had to be handled carefully. It was difficult to read manuscripts as they were written in different styles.
Question. What was Vernacular press act?
Answer : Vernacular press act enacted in 1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language press. Proposed by Lord Lytton, then viceroy of India (governed 1876–80), the act was intended to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies.
Question. Write a short note on Martin Luther.
Answer : Martin Luther was a religious reformer. In 1517 he wrote the ‘Ninety Five Theses ’criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy of this was pasted on a church door in Wittenberg. The Church was prompted to discuss his ideas. Soon Martin Luther’s Ninety Five Theses ’was printed in vast numbers and read widely. This lead to a division within the Church and was the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks and a second edition appeared within three months. Several scholars felt print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation.
Question. Give a brief description of the first form of print technology.
Answer : The first form of print technology used wooden blocks which were carved with words or designs. The carvings were in relief. These wooden blocks were inked. Then paper was rubbed against it. The markings now made an impression on the paper. The paper was thin and so printing was done only on one side. The papers were folded and stitched.
Question. Write a short note on Gutenberg Printing Press.
Answer : The Gutenberg Press: The first printing press was developed by Johan Gutenberg in 1430s. It was a developed form of the olive and wine presses. By 1448 Gutenberg perfected this system. The lead moulds were used for casting the metal types for the letters of alphabet. The first book he printed was Bible. He produced 180 copies of Bible in 3 years, which was much faster by standards of the time, at the time.
Question. Mention any four social values which print culture promoted.
Answer : (i) Print culture promoted application of reasoning and rationality.
(ii) It created a new culture of dialogue and debate.
(iii) It did open up the possibility of thinking differently.
(iv) It promoted spirit of people’s rule i.e., democracy
Long Answer Type Questions
Answer : (i) Public libraries : The print reached to the poor in the 19th century. Publishers started producing small and cheap books. These books were sold at crossroads. Public libraries were set up by the Christian missionaries and the rich people. (ii) Highlighting the issue of class discrimination : From the late 19th century, many writers started writing about the issue of class distinction. (i) Jyotiba Phule was a social reformer. He wrote about the poor condition of ‘low caste’. In his book Gulamgiri (1871), he wrote about the injustices of the caste system. (ii) In the 20th century, B.R. Ambedkar also wrote powerfully against the caste system. He also wrote against untouchability. (iii) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, also known as Periyar, too wrote about the caste system prevailing in Madras (Chennai). The writings of these writers were read by people all over India. Local protest movements and sects also created a lot of popular journals and tracts criticising ancient scriptures with a view to creating new and just future.
(iv) Poor workers and the print : Workers in factories were too overworked, and thus, lacked the education to write about their expectations and experiences. But Keshibaba, a Kanpur mill worker wrote and published Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal in 1938 to depict the links between caste and class exploitation. The poems of another Kanpur mill worker, who wrote under the name of Sudarshan Chakra between 1935 and 1955, were brought together, and published in a collection called Sacchi Kavitayain. By the 1930s, Bangaluru cotton mill workers set up libraries to educate themselves. By doing so, they were following the example of Bombay (Mumbai) workers. These libraries were sponsored by social reformers who tried to restrict excessive drinking among the poor, to bring literacy and, sometimes, to propagate the message of nationalism.
i. Merchants used print in their everyday life as they collected trade information.
ii. Text books for the civil services examination were printed in vast numbers under the sponsorship of the imperial state.
iii. The new readership preferred fictional narratives, poetry, romantic plays.
iv. Rich women began to read and many women began publishing their poetry and plays.
v. Wives of scholar and officials published their work and courtesans wrote about their lives.
Answer : (i) Fear of spread of irreligious thoughts: Not everyone welcomed the printed book, and those who did also had fears about it. Many were apprehensive of the effects that the easier access to the printed word and the wider circulation of books, could have on people’s minds. It was feared that if there was no control over what was printed and read then rebellious and irreligious thoughts might spread. (ii) Division of Church: In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. This lead to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. (iii) Index of prohibited books: The Roman Church, troubled by such effects of popular readings and questionings of faith, imposed severe controls • over publishers and booksellers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558. (iv) Print and Muslims: To check conversion or fear of change of laws Muslims used cheap lithographic presses-, published Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures, and printed religious newspapers and tracts. The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published many fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines. (v) Print and Hindus: Among Hindus, too, print encouraged the reading of religious texts, especially in the vernacular languages. The first printed edition of the RamcharitmantMS of Tulsidas, a sixteenth- century text, came out from Calcutta in 1810. Religious texts, therefore, reached a very wide circle of people, encouraging discussions, debates and controversies within and among different religions.
a. Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it.
b. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited books from the mid-sixteenth century.
c. Gandhi said the fight for ‘Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association
Answer : 1. A. Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it. In 1517 Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.A printed copy of this was posted on a church door in Wittenberg.It challenged the Church to debate his ideas.Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. This led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Luther’s translation of the New Testament sold 5,000 copies within a few weeks and a second edition appeared within three months. All this became possible due to printing technology. Deeply grateful to print, Luther said, “Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.”Several scholars, in fact, think that the print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread the new ideas that led to the Reformation.
B. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited Books from the mid-sixteenth century due to the following reasons :
The print and popular religious literature encouraged many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people. For example, Manocchio, a miller in Italy, after reading some books available in his locality, reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church. Various types of questions were raised against the faith and the Church. Manocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately executed. As the Roman Catholic Church was troubled by such writings, it imposed severe controls over publishers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.
C. Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association due to the following reasons :
After the revolt of 1857, as the vernacular press became assertively nationalist, the colonial government tried to control it. Thus in 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was passed modelled on the Irish Press Laws. It provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press. Whenever there was a seditious report, the newspaper was warned and if the warning was ignored, the press was liable to be seized and the printing machinery confiscated. When Punjab revolutionaries were deported in 1907, Bal Gangadhar Tilak wrote with great sympathy about them in his Kesari. This led to his imprisonment in 1908. There were widespread protests all over India. During the First World War under the Defence of India Rules, 22 newspapers had to furnish securities. Of these, 18 shut down rather than comply with government orders. Similarly during the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement, the Government of India was trying to crush the three powerful vehicles of expressing (Liberty of speech, liberty of press, and freedom of association) and cultivating public opinion. Thus the fight for Swaraj was a fight for this freedom than anything else
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VBQs for India and Contemporary World II Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World Class 10 Social Science
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