CBSE Class 6 Science Components Of Food Worksheet Set A

Learning Objectives
1. There are 6 nutrients in our food; carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.
2. Deficiency of nutrients leads to deficiency diseases.
3. Fibre or roughage is also necessary for our digestive system.
4. A balanced diet is necessary to remain healthy.

We take food every day, it is the basic necessity of life. Food provides us energy to work, to grow and protects us from diseases. Proper food keeps us in good health.
The kind of food that we eat, depending on our liking and availability raw food materials form our food habits. Some people eat wheat based meals whereas some prefer rice based meals. Some take non-vegetarian food while others are vegetarians. However, in spite of the great diversity in the food habits of the people, we either consume food that are plant based or come from animals sources.

FUNCTIONS OF FOOD
1. Energy giving food : These food items provide energy to our body to do work. E.g. sugar, cereals, jiggery, oil fats, starchy vegetables (potato, sweet potato) etc.
2. Body building food : These food items are growth promoting. E.g. milk, pulses, meat, egg, fish etc.
3. Protective food : Food items that protect our body against diseases fall under this category. E.g. vitamins and minerals present in milk, green leafy vegetables and fruits.

COMPONENTS OF FOOD
The main components of foods are carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. These are called nutrients.

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are also called energy giving food. It is the main sources of energy. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
There are three types of carbohydrates.
(a) Sugars : It is a simple carbohydrate having sweet taste. Sources of sugar are glucose, Sugarcane, milk and fruits; such as banana, apple, grapes, etc.

(b) Starch : It is a complex carbohydrate. It is a tasteless, colourless, white power. Sources of starch are : wheat, maize, potato and rice.
(c) Cellulose : It is present in plant cell wall. It is a complex carbohydrate. Humans cannot digest cellulose.
Children, players and people who do manual work require more carbohydrates.

Protein
Protein helps in body growth and repairs the tissues so it is also called body building food. We get protein from milk, eggs, meat, fish and all kinds of pulse.
Protein molecule is made of a large number of smaller molecules called amino acid. The daily requirement of protein for adults is 1 gram per kilogram of the body weight. When the body is building new tissue, more proteins are required, so growing children and pregnant ladies need more protein.

Fat
Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Butter, ghee, milk, eggyolk, nuts and cooking oils are the major sources of fat in our food.
An adult needs about 35 g fat every day. Our body stores the excess energy in the form of fat. This stored fat is used by the body for producing energy as and when required so fat is considered as energy bank in our body. Fats are essential for the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K in the body. Fat in our body also prevents heat loss from the body surface.

Vitamins
Vitamins are complex organic compounds which are essential for the growth and maintenance of our body. It does not provide energy. Our body requires
vitamins A, C, D, E, K and B-complex. Our body can make only two vitamins, Vitamins D and K so other vitamins must be present in our food. The B complex vitamin is a mixture of several water-soluble vitamins. The important vitamins of this group are the vitamin B1, B2, B3, B4, B6, B9 and B12.

Minerals : Minerals are required by our body in very small quantities. Like vitamins, minerals help in keeping our body healthy. Iron, Iodine, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium are common minerals. The sources of these minerals are plants and animals.
Milk, meat, fish, eggs, vegetables, fruits and pulses are some sources of minerals.

Water : Water forms about 70% of our body weight. It is an important
constituent of all body cells. Water is required for all the biological processes in our body. Although, water doesn't have any nutritive value, it is a very important component for the working of body.

Roughage : It is the fibre content which we obtain from our food. Roughage helps in
• Retaining water needed in body.
• Adds bulk to our food.
• Helps proper working of our digestive system
Sources of roughage are salad, fruits and vegetables.

Do You Know : At the time when vitamins were discovered, their chemical compositions were unknown. Hence they were represented by the letters of English alphabet.

THE ESSENTIALS OF A HEALTHY DIET
Healthy Eating Habits : A balanced diet and regular exercise are very important to students. A balanced diet refers to the selection of foods with appropriate portion to provide adequate nutrients and energy for the growth of body tissues, strengthening the immune system and keeping healthy body weight. Apart from taking sufficient fluid every day, eat according to the "Food Pyramid" to stay healthy. In fact, the traditional Chinese diet where rice, vermicelli and noodles are staple food, with lots of vegetables and moderate amount of meat, minimal preserved and processed food, coupled with healthy cooking methods using little oil, is a perfectly balanced diet.

Do You Know : While playing or working in the hot sun, if a person loses too much water his body may get severely dehydrated. As a result blood becomes thick. This causes severe pain and cramps in the muscles.

The Importance of Balanced Diet
1. A balanced diet provides energy and nutrients necessary for growth and helps maintain a healthy body weight.
2. Nutrition replenishment is necessary to cope with the increased demand of energy for heavy homework and physical activities.
3. A balanced diet can help prevent obesity, wasting, gastrointestinal diseases and anaemia, as well as reduce chances of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer.

The types, functions and characteristics of food

Malnutrition : A person is said to be suffering from malnutrition if he is eating food having only one component i.e. rice, chapattis and potatoes only.
Such people suffer from deficiency diseases.

Under nutrition : If a person is not getting sufficient amount of food as per his hunger, he is suffering from under nutrition.

Do You Know : Vitamin C gets destroyed during cooking due to heat. We should therefore eat raw fruits and vegetables to get adequate vitamin C 

FOOD TESTS
The three main types of food have specific chemical tests that enable us to take any piece of food and test to see if it contains protein, fat or carbohydrate.
We can test for protein using the Biuret test. This involves adding the piece of food to a copper sulphate solution with a little sodium hydroxide added.
The light blue colour changes to purple if proteins are present.
Food contains fat if a white emulsion (tiny droplets of fat in water) is made after mixing the food with water and ethanol. This is called the alcohol emulsion test.
Carbohydrates come either as starch or sugars.
If you add a few drops of iodine to food it will go blue/black if starch is present.
For sugars we can use Benedict's test. Here we boil up some of the food with Benedict's solution; the blue colour will change to an orange if sugars are present.

DEFICIENCY DISEASES – DISEASES OR DISORDERS
They occur mainly due to the deficiency of one or more nutrients in the diet over a long period of time. For example, wheat is rich in carbohydrates, but poor in nutrients like proteins and fats. Too much intake of wheat products results in a deficiency of proteins and fats, which reduces growth.

DEFICIENCY OF CARBOHYDRATE
All our energy requirement comes from carbohydrates and fats. People with carbohydrate deficiency are weak and lack stamina to do work.
Too much of carbohydrate is not good for our health. The extra carbohydrate is stored as fat in the body. This leads to obesity and such people are prone to heart diseases.

PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES
Growing children need more protein for their growth and development and so they suffer maximum from this disease. This happens in two ways :
(1) Lack of proteins or carbohydrates or both in the diet
(2) More intake of carbohydrate than proteins.
This deficiency causes two types of diseases;
(a) Kwashiorkor
(b) Marasmus

Kwashiorkor : This disease is very common among the poor people, beggars and labourers. It makes children restless, miserable and they show stunted growth. Belly protrudes out and legs become long and thin. Hair loses luster.

Marasmus : This disease is very common in infants below one year of age. It is caused due to undernourishment of proteins and carbohydrates or both. The child suffers from digestive disorder and diarrhoea. The child shows retarded mental and physical growth. The skin shows a number of folding and ribs become prominent. Face looks thin and eyes get sunken.

Prevention and control : a protein rich diet which includes soya bean, jaggery, wheat, gram, meat can cure the disease 

MINERAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES

1. Rickets and osteomalacia
This is caused due to deficiency of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus in the diet. Rickets occur in small children while osteomalacia occurs in adults. Symptoms include soft bones with deformities. Legs become bow shaped and chest becomes pigeon shaped. Loss of teeth may also occur. In osteomalacia bones become soft and tend to fracture easily.

Prevention : Cure lies in consuming animal fats, butter, ghee, milk and eggs. One should also take in plenty of sunlight to produce vitamin D.

2. Anaemia
This is caused due to deficiency of iron in our diet. The iron content in blood decreases due to which the blood is unable to carry full supply of oxygen to the cells of the body. Person suffering from this disease looks pale, gets tired easily and suffers from loss of appetite.
Prevention : The disease can be cured by having a diet rich in iron such as green leafy vegetables, eggs, meat, wheat sprouts, turnip etc.

3. Goitre
It is caused due to deficiency of iodine in the body. Iodine is necessary for the formation of thyroxine, a hormone of thyroid gland. This hormone controls the growth and metabolic activities of our body. Symptoms include swollen thyroid gland, retarded physical and mental growth.
Prevention : Consumption of iodised salt and fish can help in reducing the incidence of goitre.

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES

1. Night blindness
Caused due to deficiency of vitamin A. Person suffering from this disease can't see in dim light. Drying of eye balls occurs as the tear glands do not produce tears.
Prevention : Can be prevented by having vitamin A rich food like animal fats, liver, kidney, egg, milk and butter.

2. Beri beri
Caused due to deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamin). Patients suffering from this disease show extreme weakness and swelling and pain in legs. There is loss in appetite and shortness of breath. Can lead to enlarged heart and paralysis.
Prevention : Can be cured by having vitamin B1 rich food like cereals, wheat, cabbage, carrots, milk and spinach.

3. Scurvy
Caused due to deficiency of vitamin C.
Symptoms include general weakness, pain in the joints, reduction in body weight, anaemia, loss of appetite and delay in healing of wounds.
Prevention : Can be cured by having vitamin C rich food like oranges, grapes, lemon, fruits, tomatoes, mangoes, amla and all green leafy vegetables.

Deficiency of water : Excess loss of water leads to dehydration in the body.
The body becomes weak. To recover from dehydration the patient is given ORS (oral rehydration solution).

Multiple Choice Questions

Question. Scurvy is
(a) a deficiency disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin C.
(b) a deficiency disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin D.
(c) a deficiency disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin A.
(d) a deficiency disease caused due to deficiency of minerals.
Answer : A

Question. Iron, a biological nutrient, is found in human body in
(a) bones
(b) blood
(c) hair
(d) All of these
Answer : B

Question. We consider eating fish to be healthy as compared to flesh of other animals because fish contains
(a) essential vitamins
(b) essential fatty acids
(c) more carbohydrates and proteins
(d) all the nutrients of food
Answer : C

Question. The main difference between raw soyabean and cooked soyabean is in respect of
(a) protein content
(b) biological value of proteins
(c) amino acid composition
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. Choose the cereal among the following
(a) Mustard
(b) Almond
(c) Wheat
(d) Grain
Answer : C

Question. Select the one that is rich in proteins.
(a) Cucumber
(b) Gram
(c) Wheat
(d) Maize
Answer : B

Question. Which of the following nutrients is provided by vegetables?
(a) Fats
(b) Sugars
(c) Minerals
(d) None of these
Answer : C

Question. A component of food is known as ‘body building food’. It is called
(a) proteins and is obtained from plant sources
(b) proteins and is obtained from animal sources 
(c) proteins and is obtained both from plant sources and animal sources
(d) minerals, and is obtained from both plant sources and animals source
Answer : C

Question. Select the component that is obtained only from plant sources.
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Roughages
(d) Vitamins
Answer : A

Question. In addition to proteins and carbohydrates, the other elements of nutritional value in milk include
(a) potassium and iron
(b) calcium and potassium
(c) calcium, potassium and iron
(d) calcium and iron
Answer : B

Question. Two richest known sources of edible protein are
(a) soyabean and groundnut
(b) some algae and micro-organisms
(c) meat and eggs
(d) milk and leafy vegetables
Answer : A

Question. The vitamin containing cobalt is
(a) B1
(b) B2
(c) B6
(d) B12
Answer : D

Question. Ghee and butter are major source of
(a) protein
(b) fats
(c) vitamins
(d) minerals
Answer : B

Question. Which one of the following minerals is needed for the proper functioning of thyroid gland?
(a) Iron
(b) Iodine
(c) Calcium
(d) Phosphorus
Answer : B

Question. Mainly pulses are the source of
(a) protein
(b) carbohydrate
(c) fat
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. Carbohydrates and fats containing food are called
(a) protective foods
(b) fibrous foods
(c) body building foods
(d) energy giving foods
Answer : D

Question. The deficiency of which of the following may cause the disease called scurvy?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Calcium
Answer : B

Question. Food rich in roughages are
(a) fried foods
(b) pulses
(c) noodles
(d) fruits and vegetables
Answer : D

Question. The disease called anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of which of the following?
(a) Iron
(b) Calcium
(c) Phosphorus
(d) Vitamin A
Answer : A

Question. Guava is a source of which of the following vitamins?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
Answer : C

SCIENCE  CLASS – VI

CHAPTER – COMPONENTS OF FOOD

Q1. Fill in the blanks: 

1. Protective food includes _________________ and _______________.

2. Sea food is a rich source of _________________.

3. Proper functioning of our digestive system is due to the presence of __________________ in our diet.

4. _________________ is caused due to the deficiency of Vit-D

5. Loss of vision or night blindness is caused due to the deficiency of ______________ in our diet.

6. Over eating of fried and fatty food items causes ________________.

Q2. Complete the following table:
DEFICIENCY DISEASE
SCURVY
ANAEMIA
NUTRIENT
SCURVY
ANAEMIA

2 SOURCES OF NUTRIENT

Q3. Give one word for each of the following:

1. Deficiency of which mineral is responsible for causing goiter ________________.

2. Jaggery is a good source of ______________.

3. Deficiency of which mineral is responsible for causing Beriberi___________________.

4. Deficiency of which nutrient makes a person have stunted growth & discoloration of hair______________.

Q4.Karan had junk fried food at Mc Donald’s .After sometime he developed stomachache and burning sensation in the chest. He took an antacid tablet which gave him relief soon after. What do you think was the cause of Karan’s stomachache?

Q5. Choose the correct answer:

1. The component of food that has no nutritive value is:
a) Vitamins
b) Carbohydrates       
c) Proteins                                        
d) Roughage

2. Butter & Ghee are the major sources of:     
a) Fats                                                
b) Minerals     
c) Proteins                                          
d) Roughage

3. Which mineral is required for the formation of haemoglobin:     
a) Phosphorus                                  
b) Iodine       
c) Iron                                                
d) Calcium

4. Name the following:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins and minerals
c) Vitamin A
d) Calcium

5. Name two foods each rich in:
a) Cream, Butter
b) Rice, Wheat
c) Whole grains, raw vegetables
d) Milk, Soya bean

6. Write T for true statement and F for false statement:

(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. (F)

(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. (T)

(c) Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. (T)

(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body. (F)

7. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Rickets is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.

(b) Deficiency of Vitamin B1 causes a disease known as beri-beri.

(c) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as Scurvy.

(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin A in our food.

Question. what are nutrients?
Answer : nutrients are the substances that an organism needs for growth, repair and maintenance of its body.

Question. Name the various nutrients needed by human body.
Answer : carbohydrates,fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Question. Apart from these nutrients , what are the other components of food?
Answer : roughage and water.

Question. What are energy giving foods? give 2 examples.
Answer : carbohydrates and fats on digestion releases energy.
Example- sugarcane, potato, Rice, sweet potato, wheat, maize, banana, papaya etc.

Question. Which chemical reagent will we use to test the following food items: bread, pea nuts, soyabean, paneer, banana, boiled rice,pulse, potato.
Answer : 

Question. What are body building food? Give example.
Answer : protein are body building food.These are necessary for the growth and repair of body that is why growing children, pregnant women and people recovering from illness need more protein in their diet.

Question. Name 2 sources of plant proteins and animal proteins.
Answer : a) plant protein-beans, pulses, cereals
b) animals protein-meat ,fish, eggs

Question. What is the function of fats in our body?name any three sources of fats?
Answer : fats give more energy than carbohydrates, however it is difficult for the body to digest fats and excess of fat get stored in body.milk, ghee, butter, cream, meat.

Question. What are vitamins?
Answer : vitamins are essential nutrients required in small quantities for normal growth,good vision, healthy teeth, gums, bones, and overall good health.

Question. Name 4 important vitamins required for overall good health.
Answer : vitamin A ,vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D.

Question. Mention the source and functions of the following vitamins.
Answer : 

Question. Why do we need to include minerals in our food?
Answer : minerals are nutrients required by our body for its proper functioning normal growth and good health.

Question. Mention the sources and functions of following minerals
Answer : 

Question. Define roughage.
Answer : The fibrous indigestible material present in our food .

Question. Why is roughage considered to be an important component of our food?name 3 important sources of roughage.
Answer : i) roughage adds bulk to the food ,prevents constipation.
ii) it can absorb a great amount of water and helps retain water in our body.
SOURCES-unpeeled fruits (like apple,pear), porridge(dalia),salads

Question. What is meant by dehydration? How is it caused?
Answer : excessive loss of water from the tissues of our body is called dehydration.it occurs when water intake is less than water loss from the body.

Question. What is a balanced diet?
Answer : The diet that contains adequate amount of all the essential nutrients, roughage and water sufficient for The normal growth and development of the body.

Question. State two beneficial effects of cooking food.
Answer : i) cooking improves the taste of food material.
ii) cooking makes the food digestible.
iii) cooking kills the harmful micro-organisms.

Question. Name two cooking practices that lead to the loss of nutrients in food materials.
Answer : If cooking is done in excess of water and the water is thrown away after cooking, many water soluble vitamins and minerals are lost.
If cooking is done at high temperature, many proteins and vitamins are destroyed. For example vitamin C.

Question. What is obesity? What are the causes of obesity?
Answer : overeating of fat rich food leads to an overweight condition called obesity.
Due to lack of physical activity, fats get accumulated in the body and causes obesity.

Question. Mention some of the methods for maintaining good health.
Answer : 1) always take fresh and clean food.
2) avoid food that is too oily or spicy.
3) avoid junk food.
4) eat lots of fruits and green vegetables.
5) drink plenty of water.
6) do regular physical exercises.

Question. Who needs more proteins in his or her diet in relation to body weight: a growing child or grown up man? Why?
Answer : A growing child needs more proteins than a grown up man because child needs proteins for development bone ,muscles of his body.

Components of Food 

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1.Which of the following are called protective foods?
(A) Vitamins. (B) Minerals. (C) Both (A) and (B). (D) None.

2.The energy supplier component of food is-
(A) Protein. (B) Vitamin. (C) Cellulose. (D) Carbohydrate.

3. The name of disease for too much fat person is
(A) Kwashiorkor (B) Obesity (C) Anemia (D) Scurvy

4.Starch is a kind of:
(A) Carbohydrate (B) Fat (C) Protein (D) Vitamin

5.Which part of the plant is cabbage?
(A) Root (B) Fruit (C) Bud (D) Flower

6. Starch is tested with …… solution.
(A) caustic soda (B) salt (C) HCl (D) iodine

7.Which food is obtained from animals?
(A) Sugar (B) Honey (C) Jaggery (D) Jam

8.For strong bones and teeth we need
(A) Vitamin A (B) Vitamin D (C) Vitamin E (D) Vitamin K

9.Protein is called
(A) Energy giving food. (B) Body building food. (C) Protective food. (D) Roughage

10.Calcium deficiency can cause:
(A) Weak muscles and soft bones. (B) Strong bones and strong muscles. (C) Poor eyesight. (D) Poor breathing capacity.

11.The vitamin lost by heating is
(A) A (B) C (C) D (D) B

12.A baby is exposed to sunlight in the morning. This is done to produce ... in the body.
(A) Vitamin A (B) Vitamin B (C) Vitamin D (D) Vitamin K

13.Guava is a source of Vitamin-
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

14.Soya beans are the richest source of ---
(A) Carbohydrates (B) Proteins (C) Fats (D) Roughage

15.Which of the following is not a source of fats obtained from animals?
(A) Butter (B) Cream (C) Coconut oil (D) Fish

16.White portion of an egg turns violet when two drops of copper sulphate and ten drops of caustic soda are added to it. This indicates the presence of
(A) Starch (B) Proteins (C) Fats (D) Vitamins

17.Which of the following food turns blue-black with iodine solution?
(A) Milk (B) Groundnut (C) Tomato (D) Raw potato

18.Whose deficiency causes anemia?
(A) Iron (B) calcium (C) Iodine (D) Phosphorus

19.Which of the following food item contains carbohydrates?
(A) Rice. (B) Cabbage. (C) Vitamins. (D) Butter.

20.Name two food items which is the source of phosphorus.

21.In which nutrient is dal rich?

22.What are the symptoms of rickets?

23.How will you prevent the deficiency diseases?

24.What should a balance diet contain?

25.Which of the following is essential for body growth and formation of new cells?
(A) Proteins. (B) Carbohydrates. (C) Vitamins. (D) Fats.

26.The indigestible material in the food is known as -
(A) Fats. (B) Proteins. (C) Carbohydrates. (D) Roughage.

27.Match the items given in column A with those in column B.
COLUMN A                  COLUMN B
I. Amla, lemon             a. Protein
II. Soyabean               b. Iodine
III. Obesity                  c. Vitamin C
IV. Goitre                    d. Overeating
(A) I-c, II-a, III-d, IV-b (B) I-d, II-a, III-b, IV-c (C) I-a, II-c, III-b, IV-d (D) I-b, II-a, III-d, IV-c

28.Vitamin K is needed for-
(A) Normal night vision. (B) Normal growth of bones.
(C) Healthy teeth and gums. (D) Clotting of blood.

29.Blue black colour on adding dilute iodine solution in a crushed food item indicates the presence of-
(A) Fats. (B) Vitamins. (C) Proteins. (D) Starch.

30.Rich sources of roughage are-
(A) Salad, corn and porridge (dalia). (B) Milk.
(C) Vegetables and food. (D) Both (A) and (C).

31.Fats are-
(A) Protective nutrients. (B) Energy giving nutrients.
(C) Fibrous components of the body. (D) Body building foods.

32.A balanced diet contains-
(A) Proteins, carbohydrates and fats. (B) Minerals and vitamins.
(C) Roughage and water. (D) All of the above.

33.A person is suffering from bleeding of gums, it shows the deficiency of-
(A) Vitamin C. (B) Vitamin B. (C) Vitamin A. (D) Vitamin E.

34.Vitamin D is obtained from -
(A) Carrot. (B) Liver. (C) Pumpkin. (D) Exposure to sun light.

35.A malnourished child needs -
(A) Costly medicine. (B) Vitamins. (C) The required amount of balanced diet. (D) Tonics.

36.Tooth decay is caused due to the deficiency of-
(A) Vitamin A. (B) Iron. (C) Iodine. (D) Calcium.

37.Find the one that needs a diet rich in carbohydrates and fats-
(A) A doctor. (B) An office clerk. (C) An advocate . (D) A player.

38.Which food component prevents constipation?
(A) Fats. (B) Vitamins. (C) Carbohydrates. (D) Roughage.

39.Find the odd one out-
(A) Wheat. (B) Maize. (C) Rice. (D) Butter.

40.Which vitamin is destroyed by heating?
(A) B (B) E (C) C (D) K

41.Mainly pulses are the sources of:
(A) Protein (B) Carbohydrate (C) Fat (D) None

42.What is the reason of Obesity?

43.Why fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called as nutrients ?

44.What happens when we eat lot of fried food ?

45.Why do we have to drink lot of water ?

46.Why we have to eat lot of fibres in our food ?

47.What may happen if person does not get adequate food or his diet does not contain all nutrients ?

48. help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.

49.Carbohydrates ........and ................. are the three main components of food.

50.Vitamin D helps our body to use for bone and teeth.

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51.Which nutrients give us energy? hence what are the food items rich in those nutrients called as?

52.How do proteins help us? What are the food rich in proteins called as?

53.Name two energy giving components of food.

54.Name the disease caused by the deficiency of Iodine. Suggest a few food items to prevent it.

55.Write any four symptoms for protein deficiency.

56.What are the symptoms of carbohydrate - protein deficiency.

57.Name the disease caused by the deficiency of -
(a) Iron (b) Vitamin A (C) Vitamin B1 (D) Vitamin C

58.How to test for the presence of fat in food item.

59.Which components of food are known as protective foods? Why

60.How will you test the starch in a food item?

61.What is a balanced diet?

62.What are the major nutrients needed for the growth of our body?

63.What are nutrients ?

64.What leads to obesity ?

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65.What are dietary fibres? Explain its importance in our body.

66.What are the uses of water for our body? What are its sources.

67.List any three nutrients with an example for each.

68.List any three nutrients and mention their functions..

69.What are the deficiency disease you suffer if your diet lacks Iodine and Vitamin C. Write the symptoms also.

70.What nutrients should my diet contain to avoid the following
(a) Loss of vision (b) Weakness (c) Week muscles (d) Tooth decay.
(e) bleeding gums (f) Swollen glands

<5M>

71.How can you check the loss of vitamins in our body? (Write any five points)

72.How will you test the presence of proteins in the food items?

73.List five vitamins and their functions?

74.Give the functions of : (a) Fats {b) Proteins (c) Vitamins.

75.What is the role of water in our body ?

76.What is role of roughage in our body ?

77.Vitamins do not provide any energy to us, but still they are considered very important for our body. Explain why ?

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. T he main carbohydrates found in our food are in te form of __________ and ______________.

2. Carbohydrates and fats provide ______________ to our body .

3. Foods containing carbohydrates and fats are also called ______________ giving foods.

4. Foods containing proteins are often called _________________________ foods.

5. Vitamin ________ gets easily destroyed by heat during cooking.

6. Over eating fat rich food leads to ________________

7. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking a _______________ diet.

8. _____________ help in protecting our body against diseases.

NAME THE FOLLOWING

1. Two sources of carbohydrates . __________________ _____________

2. Two sources of fats __________________ _____________

3. Two sources of protein __________________ ____________

4. Two sources of vitamin C __________________ ____________

5. Disease caused due to deficiency of iron ______________

6. Disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin A _____________

7. Disease caused due to deficiency of iodine_____________

TRUE OR FALSE

1. Dietary fibres are also known as roughage. _________

2. Minerals are needed by our body in large quantity. ___________

3. Our body prepares vitamin D in presence of sunlight. __________

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

1Nutrients 2 Balanced diet 3 Deficiency diseases

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN

Proteins and Fats

EXTRA QUESTIONS

1 Write the three groups of food and give examples

2 Write the test to show the presence of protein in any food item 

3 Write the test to show the presence of starch in any food item

Long question/ answers-

1. Explain the importance of the following vitamins for the body.
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K
Answer : The importance of the following vitamins for the body are-
a. Vitamin A – For normal growth; Keeps the eyes and skin healthy.
b. Vitamin C – For healthy growth and strong blood vessels.
c. Vitamin D- Helps to use calcium for formation of strong bones and teeth.
d. Vitamin K- Helps in the clotting of blood.

2. Explain the importance of the following minerals for the body.
a. Calcium b. Sodium c. Potassium d. Iron
Answer : The importance of the following minerals for the body are-
a. Calcium – For strong bones and teeth.
b. Sodium- For the proper functioning of the nervous system.
c. Potassium- For growth, for keeping cells and blood healthy.
d. Iron- For the formation of the substance that helps red blood cells carry oxygen to body cells.

3. Why should you drink 6-8 glasses of water everyday even when water does not provide my energy?
Answer : Most people need 6-8 glasses of water or other liquids every day to stay healthy. Water is vital for our body, it does not provide any energy. It only serves as a solvent in which all chemical reactions take place.

4. What do you mean by balanced diet? Is it the same for everybody? Why?
Ans. A balanced diet is one that contains the proper amounts of each nutrient. A balanced diet is not same for everyone. It depends on age, sex and the type of work that one does.

5. What are deficiency diseases? Name four diseases and the associated nutrients
Answer : Diseases caused by the lack of nutrients in food is known as deficiency diseases. The four diseases and the associated nutrients are-
1. Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by protein deficiency in children.
2. Scurvy is a disease caused due to the lack of vitamin C.
3. Anaemia is caused by the deficiency of iron.
4. Goitre is caused by lack of the mineral iodine.

6. Discuss the importance of roughage in our diet.
Answer : The importance of roughage in our diet are-
1. Roughage adds bulk to our food. Since it is not digested , it passes down the entire digestive system tract from the mouth to the anus.
2. It prevents constipation and ensures proper bowel movement.
3. Roughage or a high-fibre diet reduces the risk of heart diseases and bowel cancer