CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Coordination Compounds Notes Set B

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Revision Notes for Class 12 Chemistry Unit 09 Coordination Compounds

Class 12 Chemistry students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Unit 09 Coordination Compounds in Class 12. These exam notes for Class 12 Chemistry will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks

Unit 09 Coordination Compounds Notes Class 12 Chemistry

COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

IMPORTANT POINTS

Definitions with examples

Coordination compounds

The compounds which contain dative bonds between metal atom and surrounding species is called co-ordination compounds.

Examples- K4[Fe(CN)6]; [ Cu(NH3)4]SO4; Ni(CO)4

Coordination complex: A structure containing a metal (usually a metal ion) bonded (coordinated) to a group of surrounding

molecules or ions. They retain their identities even when dissolved in water.

Double Salts-

The addition compounds which are stable in solid state but are broken down into individual constituents ions when dissolved in

water eg: mohr’s salt,potash alum etc.

Central metal atom or ion

the metal ion surrounded by number of ions or molecules.

eg:- K4[Fe(CN)6] , Fe2+ is central metal ion.

Ligands

a molecule,ion or group that coordinates to the central metal atom or ion bound in a definite geometrical arrangement in a complex .

e.g.- H2O, NH3, CO, CN־ etc.

Types:-

a)Monodentate/Unidentate: Ligands bound to the central metal atom/ion through a single donor atom. e.g.- Cl-; H2O ; NH3; NO2-.

b) Bidentate: Ligates through two donor atoms. e.g.- C2O4 2- (ox); H2NCH2CH2NH2(en)

c) Polydentate: which ligates through two or more donor atoms present in a single ligand. e.g.- (EDTA)4-

d) Chelating ligands: Di- or polydentateligands that usestwo or more donor atoms to bind to a single metal ion to form ring- like complexes.  e.g.- (Ox); (edta)

e) Ambidentate ligand: A ligand that can ligate through twodifferent atoms, one at a time. e.g.- NO2- ; SCN-

Coordination number- The number of coordinating units/ligands around the metal ion. The no. of ligand donor atoms to which the metal is directly bonded through sigma bonds only. It is commonly 4 or 6.

Ionisation Isomerism: This form of isomerism arises when the counter ion in a complex salt is itself a potential ligand and can displace a ligand which can then become the counter ion. Example: [Co(NH3)5Br] SO4 and [Co(NH3)5 SO4] Br

Linkage Isomerism:Arises due to the presence of ambidentate ligand In the isomerism, a ligand can form linkage with metal through

different atoms. Example: [Co(NH3)5ONO]Cl2 and [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2

Solvate isomerism: This is also known as hydrate isomerism if water is involved as a solvent. Compounds that have the same composition, but differ by whether (or) not solvent molecules are present as ligands in the coordination sphere (or) are merely present as free solvent molecules outside the coordination sphere are known as solvateisomers.

Ex: CrCl3.6H2O

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry-Coordination Compounds 1

Coordination isomerism:
This type of isomerism arises when both the positive and negative ions are complex ions. It may be caused by an interchange of ligands between the anion and the cation.

Stereo isomerism:
Compounds with the same chemical formula and chemical bonds, but different arrangement of atoms (or) groups in space are called stereo isomers. Stereo isomerism can be subdivided into geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism. Geometrical isomerism is also known as cis-trans isomerism.The isomer in which the two identical groups are adjacent to each other is known as a cis-isomer while the isomer in which the two identical groups are diagonally opposite to each other is known as a trans isomer.

Optical isomerism:
When the solutions of certain coordination compounds are placed in the path of plane polarised light they rotate its plane through a certain angle that may be either to the left (or) to the right.
This property of a complex, of rotating the plane of polarised light is called its optical activity. A complex that possesses this property is said to be optically active.
 
Complexes that rotate the plane of polarised light towards right are said to be dextro rotatory (or) d-form while complexes that rotate it towards the left are called leavo rotatory (or) l-form.
 
The d- and l- forms are mirror images and cannot be superimposed on each other.
Such molecules or ions that cannot be superimposed are called chiral.
Since these forms are related to each other as mirror images they are commonly called enantiomers.
 
NAMING OF CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
 
[Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3 is named as: triamminetriaquachromium(III)
chloride
 
[Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 : tris(ethane-1,2-diammine)cobalt(III)
sulphate
Hybridisation
 
Magnetic Properties, μ= √n(n+2)
where
μ is Magnetic moment
n is number of unpaired electrons.
 
VALENCE BOND THEORY
 
Paramagnetic and octahedral
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry-Coordination Compounds 2

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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Unit 09 Coordination Compounds Notes

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