CBSE Class 9 Social Science Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Worksheet

MCQ Questions for NCERT Class 9 Social Science Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution 

Question: Which of the following is not a part of April these?
(A) Land to be transfer to the tiller
(B) Bank to be nationalised.
(C) Withdrawal from World war 
(D) Establishment of political democracy through political reforms.

Answer: D

Question: The Central powers during the First World War included countries like Germany, Turkey and _____.
(A) France
(B) Austria
(C) Britain
(D) Russia

Answer: B

Question: What were the demands made by the workers in St. Petersburg who went on a strike?
(A) Reduction of working time to eight hours
(B) Increase in wages
(C) Improvement in working conditions
(D) All the above

Answer: D

Question: Who conspired in Italy to bring about a revolution?
(A) Bismarck
(B) Karl Marx
(C) Giuseppe Mazzini
(D) Musonerie

Answer: C

Question: By the mid-19th century in Europe, the idea which attracted widespread attention on the restructuring of Society was_____.
(A) Capitalism
(B) Socialism
(C) Dictatorship
(D) Communism

Answer: B

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Question: Assertion (A) : Capitalist were against private property, and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.
Reason (R) : Individuals owned the property that gave employment but the propertied were concerned only with personal gain and not with the welfare of those who made the property productive. 
Answer: D

Question: Assertion (A) : Liberals and Radicals themselves were often property owners and employers.
Reason (R) : Opposed to the privileges the old Aristocracy had by birth, they firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise.
Answer: A

Question: Assertion (A) : At the beginning of the twentieth century, the vast majority of Russia’s people were industrialist.
Reason (R) : Industry was found in pockets.
Prominent industrial areas were St Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories existed alongside craft workshop. 
Answer: D

Question: Assertion (A) : 22 February came to be called the International Women’s Day.
Reason (R) : On 22 February, a lockout took place at a factory on the right bank. The next day, workers in fifty factories called a strike in sympathy.
In many factories, women led the way to strikes.
Answer: A

Question: Assertion (A) : Marx believed that to free themselves from Capitalist exploitation, workers had to construct a radically Socialist society where all property was socially controlled.
Reason (R) : He was convinced that workers would triumph in their conflict with capitalists. A communist society was the natural society of the future.
Answer: A

Question: Assertion (A) : Those who resisted Collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled.
Reason (R) : Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation, but treated such cultivators sympathetically.
Answer: C

Case Study Questions Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Class 9 Social Science  

II. One of the groups which looked to change society were the Liberals. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. We should remember that at this time European states usually discriminated in favour of one religion or another (Britain favoured the Church of England, Austria and Spain favoured the Catholic Church). Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They argued for a representative elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well- trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. However, they were not ‘democrats’. They did not believe in Universal Adult Franchise, that is, the right of every citizen to vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote. They also did not want the vote for women.

Question: Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated.
(A) No religion
(B) One religion
(C) Few religions
(D) All religions 

Answer: D

Question: ____ become one of the most significant and powerful ideas to shape society in the twentieth century, through the Revolution in Russia.
(A) Communism
(B) Socialism
(C) Dictatorship
(D) Democracy 

Answer: B

Question: What was the suffragette?
(A) Women’s movement
(B) Property tax
(C) Land acquisition
(D) Proletariat class 

Answer: A

Question: Which countries favoured the Catholic Church?
(A) France and Spain
(B) Spain and Italy
(C) Austria and Spain
(D) Spain and Germany 

Answer: C 

Short Answer Type Questions 

Question: In what ways were working population of Russia different from other countries in Europe before 1917 ?
Answer: (i) The working population in European countries were a lot more united than those in Russia. The condition of Russian people, especially those of the working population like the Farmers and the Factory Workers, was deplorable as compared to other European countries.
(ii) It was mainly due to the Autocratic government of Tsar Nicholas-II, who antagonized these people day-by-day by his corrupt and oppressive policies.
(iii) The Peasants worked as Serfs on the land and much of their produce went into the hands of Landowners  and the privileged classes. The Nobility, the Crown and the Orthodox Church owned large properties.
(iv) Although, these Peasants were generally deeply religious yet they had no respect for the Nobility.
In European countries, the Peasants respected Nobles and fought for them. But in Russia, Peasants wanted the land of the Nobles to be given to them.

Question: Describe the political conditions in Russia before the Revolution.
Answer: (i) Autocratic rule of the Tsar was not subject to Parliament.
(ii) Political parties were considered illegal.
(iii) A vast empire consisted of various nationalities,
but the Tsar was insensitive to their demands.

Question: Describe any three changes that took place in the year of 1904 in Russia. U
Answer: Three changes that took place in Russia in 1904 were :
(i) Prices of essential goods raised so quickly that real wages declined by 20%.
(ii) The membership of Workers’ Association rose dramatically.
(iii) Four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers were dismissed at the Putilov Iron Works.
(iv) Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions.

Question: Explain the Lenin’s ‘April Theses’. R
OR
What were the main demands of April Theses?
OR
Describe the three major demands of Bolsheviks during 1917. 
OR
Explain Lenin’s ‘April Theses’. What were its effects on the Party Members?
Answer: Demands of ‘April Theses’:
(i) Lenin returned to Russia from exile and felt that it was time for the Soviets to take over power.
He declared that war be brought to a close,land be transferred to the Peasants and Banks nationalized. He also argued to rename Bolshevik Party as Communist Party.
(ii) Started planning on uprising against government with the support of Army.
(iii) Military Revolutionary Committee was planned to seize the power and bring the city under control.
(iv) Initially, the Members were surprised and thought that the time was not right for Socialist Revolution, but the developments in the subsequent months changed their attitude.

Question: Mention the three major demands raised by Russian workers who went on strike at St.
Petersburg in 1904. R 
Answer: The demands raised by Russian workers :
(i) Reduction in the working day to eight hours.
(ii) Increase in wages.
(iii) Improvement in working conditions.

Question: What were the three main causes of the Civil War between Bolsheviks and the Russian army, theNon- Bolshevik Socialists?
OR
Explain any three reasons which led to the Civil War between the Bolsheviks and the Russian Army of Non- Bolsheviks.
Answer:(i) When Bolshevik ordered land distribution,the Russian Army began to break up.
(ii) Non- Bolshevik Socialists, Liberals and supporters of Autocracy condemned this.
(iii) Their leaders moved to South Russia and organised trips to fight the Bolsheviks.
(iv) These troops and Bolsheviks fought a Civil War and looting and famine became common.

Question: How did the Tsarist Autocracy collapse in 1917?
Explain. 
OR
State the reasons for the collapse of Tsarist autocracy in 1917
OR
Why did Tsarist Autocracy collapse in 1917?
Answer: Causes of Tsarist Autocracy collapse were :
(i) The Industrial Workers in Russia got very low wages and had very long working hours, sometimes upto 15 hours.
(ii) The Workers demanded higher wages and reduction in working hours, but their demands were not met and they became dissatisfied.
(iii) Most of the Peasants were landless and very poor.
Due to the Autocratic government of Tsar Nicholas II, the condition of the Russian People, Farmers and Factory Workers was highly miserable. As a result,his Autocracy collapsed in 1917.
(iv) The Peasants worked as Serfs on the land. Most of the produce went to the Privileged classes and the Landowners. As a result, farmers suffered from hunger. Later, due to these oppressive policies and out of frustration, the farmers refused to pay rent to the Landlords.
(v) The Workers could not form any Trade Unions and Political Parties to express their grievances.
The Workers did not get even the minimum fixed wages. They used to work for 12–15 hours a day,due to no limit on working hours.
(vi) Karl Marx taught the people to raise a standard revolt.
(vii) The Revolution of 1905 also proved to be a Dress Rehearsal of the Revolution of 1917.
(viii) Tsar’s participation and defeat in the First World War served the last reason of failure of his Autocracy in 1917.

Question: Describe the conditions of the working women during the years from 1900 to 1930 in Russia. 
Answer: Conditions of the working women in Russia :
(i) Took active part in the Revolution and often inspired their Male Co- workers.
(ii) Women made up 31 per cent of Factory Labour.
(iii) They were less than their male counterparts.
(iv) During February Revolution, the women workers led the way to strikes.
(v) 22nd February was called International Women’s Day.

Question: Describe the incident known as the ‘Bloody Sunday’. State any two events after the Bloody Sunday which led to the Revolution of 1905 in Russia.
Answer: The incident of attack by Police over protesting Workers demanding improvement in Working condition in Russia which left many workers killed and wounded, is known as the ‘Bloody Sunday’.Events after that which led to the Revolution of 1905 in Russia :
(i) Strike took place all over the Country, Universities closed down.
(ii) Lawyers, Doctors, Engineers and other Middle class Workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a Constituent Assembly.(1 + 2 =3)

Question: Explain measures taken by Stalin to solve the problem of acute shortages of grains?
Answer: (i) Stalin confiscated supplies, to prevent Rich Peasants and Landlords from indulging in Black-marketing.
(ii) 'Kulaks' were raided.
(iii) Collective farms system known as 'Kolkhoz' was introduced.
(iv) Party members supervised and enforced grain collection.

Question: Who were Soviets? What was their role in the Revolution? A 
Answer: Soviet was a Council of Striking Workers and Soldiers who formed February Revolution.
(i) The Petrograd Soviet led the Revolution.
(ii) It helped the Bolsheviks to seize power.

Question: Identify the conditions of workers in Socialist Society of Russia. A 
Answer: (i) Rapid construction led to poor working conditions. Workers lived hard lives and the result was 550 stoppages of work in the first year alone.
(ii) An extended schooling system developed and arrangements were made for Factory Workers  and Peasants to enter Universities.
(iii) Creches were established in factories for the Children of Women Workers.
(iv) Cheap Public Healthcare was provided. Model living quarters were set up for Workers.

Long Answer Type Questions  

Question: Highlight the social and political conditions that led to the Russian Revolution.
Answer: (i) Autocratic Rule of Tsars.
(ii) Conditions of peasants, who earned their living through Agriculture.
(iii) Status of Industry—Factory Workers and Craftsmen were almost in equal numbers.
(iv) Condition of workers—their working hours were sometimes up to 15 hours.
(v) Status of nobles—got their power by serving Tsar. Peasants wanted land of Nobles.

Question: Mention the main events of the February Revolution of 1917. 
OR
State any five events that led to the February Revolution in Petrograd.
Answer: Main events of the February Revolution were :
(i) In February 1917, there was a severe food shortage in the Workers’ Quarters.
(ii) All the Factories and Workers’ Quarters were located on the right bank of the River Neva.
On the left bank, there were the Winter Palace,Official buildings and the Palace where Duma met.
(iii) On 22nd February, a lockout took place at a factory leading to a strike by the Workers. The next day,Workers in fifty factories called a strike in sympathy.
(iv) The demonstrating workers ultimately crossed the river and surrounded the Official buildings in Petrograd.
(v) The Government imposed a curfew and called out the cavalry and police to keep check on them.

Question: Explain any five features of Stalin’s Collectivization Programme for peasants in Russia.
OR
Explain Stalin’s Collectivization Programme
OR
Describe any five points of Stalin’s Collectivization Programme.
OR
Write a few lines on Stalin’s Collectivization Programme.
Answer: (i) Party forced all Peasants to cultivate in collective farms.
(ii) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the Ownership of collective farms.
(iii) Peasants worked on the land and the Kolkhoz profit was shared.
(iv) Enraged Peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock.
(v) Those who resisted Collectivization were severely punished.
(vi) Stalin’s Government allowed some independent cultivation but treated such Cultivators unsympathetically.

Question: Describe February Revolution of 1917 and  October Revolution of 1917 in brief. 
Answer: February Revolution :
(i) Factory locked out on the right bank on 22nd February.
(ii) Sympathy strike was done by Workers in 50 Factories on 23rd February.
(iii) On 25th February, Government suspended the Duma and demonstrators came on roads.
(iv) Police Headquarters were ransacked by Workers.
Regiment supported the workers and they formed the Petrograd Soviet.
(v) On 2nd March, the Tsar abdicated and Soviet and Duma leaders formed the Provisional Government. October Revolution :
(i) On 16th October, Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader persuaded the Petrograd Soviet.
(ii) A Military Revolutionary Committee was appointed by the Soviet.
(iii) The Military Committee seized the government offices and arrested Ministers.
(iv) The Winter Palace was shelled.
(v) Ministers of the Provisional Government surrendered.
(vi) The Bolsheviks gained control.
 

Question: Examine three reasons for the success of Socialist economy in post-Revolution of Russia.
Answer: Three reasons were :
(i) The Estates of the Rich like the Landlords, the Tsar and the Church were confiscated and handed over to the Peasants to be cultivated without hired labour. This act proved very successful and popular.
(ii) The system of Capitalism or the rich exploiting the poor was done away with everybody and everybody was forced to work and earn his own living.
(iii) The Right to Work became a constitutional right and it became the duty of the state to provide employment to every individual.

Question: ‘By the end of the twentieth century the international reputation of the USSR as a Socialist country had declined. Explain the statement.
Answer: The above statement is true because :
(i) The style of government in the USSR was not keeping in with the ideals of the Russian Revolution.
(ii) All was not well in the Soviet Union;Dictatorial Rule of Communist Party began.
(iii) There was no Democracy, only one Party Rule of Communist Party prevailed.
(iv) Repressive policies like Collectivisation became unpopular.
(v) Life of the individual was controlled by the state. This made the people unhappy.

Question. Explain the thoughts and beliefs of Karl Marx which convinced the Workers to enter into conflict with the Capitalists.
Answer : The thoughts and beliefs of Karl Marx :
(i) Industrial Society was Capitalist. Profit of Capitalists was produced by Workers.
(ii) Conditions of Workers could not improve till capitalists accumulated wealth.
(iii) Workers should overthrow Capitalism and Private property.
(iv) Workers should construct a radically Socialist Society where all property would be socially controlled. This would be a Communist state.
(v) Karl Marx believed that all of this would help the Workers win over the Capitalists

Question. What were the main objectives of Liberals in Russia?
Answer : The main objectives of Liberals were as follows :
(i) They wanted a nation which tolerated all the religions.
(ii) They opposed the uncontrolled power of Dynastic Rulers.
(iii) They wanted to safeguard the rights to individual against the government.
(iv) They did not believe in Universal Adult Franchise as they were not democrats.
(v) Liberals argued for a representative elected by the government. They were subjected to laws interpreted by a well-trained Judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.
(vi) In the parts of Europe, where independent nation states did not yet exist, for example, Germany, Italy, Poland—men and women combined their demands for constitutionalism with national unification.

Question. Highlight the social and political conditions that led to the Russian Revolution.
Answer : (i) Autocratic Rule of Tsars.
(ii) Conditions of peasants, who earned their living through Agriculture.
(iii) Status of Industry—Factory Workers and Craftsmen were almost in equal numbers.
(iv) Condition of workers—their working hours were sometimes up to 15 hours.
(v) Status of nobles—got their power by serving Tsar. Peasants wanted land of Nobles.

Question. Explain any five features of Stalin’s Collectivization Programme for peasants in Russia.
OR
Explain Stalin’s Collectivization Programme.
OR
Describe any five points of Stalin’s Collectivization Programme. 
OR
Write a few lines on Stalin’s Collectivization Programme.
Answer : (i) Party forced all Peasants to cultivate in collective farms.
(ii) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the Ownership of collective farms.
(iii) Peasants worked on the land and the Kolkhoz profit was shared.
(iv) Enraged Peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock.
(v) Those who resisted Collectivization were severely punished.
(vi) Stalin’s Government allowed some independent cultivation but treated such Cultivators unsympathetically.

Question. ‘By the end of the twentieth century the international reputation of the USSR as a Socialist country had declined. Explain the statement.
Answer : The above statement is true because : 
(i) The style of government in the USSR was not keeping in with the ideals of the Russian Revolution.
(ii) All was not well in the Soviet Union; Dictatorial Rule of Communist Party began.
(iii) There was no Democracy, only one Party Rule of Communist Party prevailed.
(iv) Repressive policies like Collectivisation became unpopular.
(v) Life of the individual was controlled by the state. This made the people unhappy.

The year 1904 was a particularly bad one for Russian workers. Prices of essential goods rose so quickly that real wages declined by 20 percent.
The membership of Workers’ Associations rose dramatically. When four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers, which had been formed in 1904, were dismissed at the Putilov Iron Works, there was a call for industrial action. Over the next few days over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions.
When the procession of Workers led by Father Gapon reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the Police and the Cossacks. Over 100 Workers were killed and about 300 wounded. The incident,known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution. Strikes took place all over the Country and Universities closed down when Student bodies staged walkouts, complaining about the lack of civil liberties.
Lawyers, Doctors, Engineers and other Middleclass Workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a Constituent Assembly.

Question: At St. Petersburg Workers in strike were demanding a reduction in the working hours to ______.
(A) Eight hours
(B) Six hours
(C) Ten hours
(D) Seven hours 

Answer:

Question: In the year 1904, real wages of Russian Workers declined by____.
(A) 25 percent
(B) 20 percent
(C) 40 percent
(D) 30 percent 

Answer:

Question: The incident, known as ______, started a series of events that came to be known as the 1905 Revolution.
(A) Bloody Monday
(B) Bloody Friday
(C) Bloody Saturday
(D) Bloody Sunday 

Answer:

Question: Over ______ workers were killed and about ______ wounded.
(A) 100, 200
(B) 200, 300
(C) 100, 300
(D) 200, 400

Answer: