NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources

Read and download NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources in NCERT book for Class 12 Geography. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Geography textbook for Class 12 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Geography to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography India People and Economy Chapter 6 Water Resources

Class 12 Geography students should refer to the following NCERT Book India People and Economy Chapter 6 Water Resources in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

India People and Economy Chapter 6 Water Resources NCERT Book Class 12

 

WATER RESOURCES

Do you think that what exists today will continue to be so, or the future is going to be  different in some respects? It can be said with some certainty that the societies will witness demographic transition, geographical shift of population, technological advancement, degradation of environment and water scarcity. Water scarcity is possibly to pose the greatest challenge on account of its increased demand coupled with shrinking supplies due to over utilisation and pollution. Water is a cyclic resource with abundant supplies on the globe.

Approximately, 71 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with it but fresh water constitutes only about 3 per cent of the total water. In fact, a very small proportion of fresh water is effectively available for human use. The availability of fresh water varies over space and time. The tensions and disputes on sharing and control of this scare resource are becoming contested issues among communities, regions, and states. The assessment, efficient use and conservation of water, therefore, become necessary to ensure development. In this chapter, we shall discuss water resources in India, its geographical distribution, sectoral utilisation, and methods of its conservation and management.

Water Resources of India

India accounts for about 2.45 per cent of world’s surface area, 4 per cent of the world’s water resources and about 16 per cent of world’s population. The total water available from precipitation in the country in a year is about4,000 cubic km. The availability from surface water and replenishable groundwater is 1,869 cubic km. Out of this only 60 per cent can be put to beneficial uses. Thus, the total utilisable water resource in the country is only 1,122 cubic km.

Surface Water Resources

There are four major sources of surface water. These are rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks. In the country, there are about 10,360 rivers and their tributaries longer than 1.6 km each. The mean annual flow in all the river basins in India is estimated to be 1,869 cubic km.

Groundwater Resources

The total replenishable groundwater resources in the country are about 432 cubic km. Table 6.1 shows that the Ganga and the Brahamaputra basins, have about 46 per cent of the total replenishable groundwater resources. The level of groundwater utilisation is relatively high in the river basins lying in north-western region and parts of south India.

 

EXERCISES

1. Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.

    (i) Which one of the following types describes water as a resource?

         (a) Abiotic resource                                (c) Biotic Resource

         (b) Non-renewable Resources                  (d) Cyclic Resource

    (ii) Which one of the following rivers has the highest replenishable ground water resource in the country?

         (a) The Indus                                        (c) The Ganga

         (b) The Brahmaputra                              (d) The Godavari

    (iii) Which of the following figures in cubic kilometres correctly shows the total annual precipitation in India?

         (a) 2,000                                              (c) 4,000

         (b) 3,000                                              (d) 5,000

    (iv) Which one of the following south Indian states has the highest groundwater utilisation (in per cent) of its total ground water potential?

         (a) Tamil Nadu                                      (c) Andhra Pradesh

         (b) Karnataka                                        (d) Kerala

    (v) The highest proportion of the total water used in the country is in which one of the following sectors?

         (a) Irrigation                                          (c) Domestic use

         (b) Industries                                        (d) None of the above

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

    (i) It is said that the water resources in India have been depleting very fast. Discuss the factors responsible for depletion of water resources?

    (ii) What factors are responsible for the highest groundwater development in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Tamil Nadu?

    (iii) Why the share of agricultural sector in total water used in the country is expected to decline?

    (iv) What can be possible impacts of consumption of contaminated/unclean water on the people?

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

    (i) Discuss the availability of water resources in the country and factors that determine its spatial distribution?

    (ii) The depleting water resources may lead to social conflicts and disputes. Elaborate it with suitable examples?

    (iii) What is watershed management? Do you think it can play an important role in sustainable development?

 

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources

Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix I
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix I
Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix II
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix II
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 01 Human Geography Nature and Scope
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Geography Nature and Scope
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 02 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 03 Population Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 04 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 05 Primary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Primary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 06 Secondary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Secondary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 07 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 08 Transport and Communication
NCERT Class 12 Geography Transport and Communication
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 09 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
Fundamentals of Human Geography Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
India People and Economy Appendices
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendices
India People and Economy Chapter 01 Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
India People and Economy Chapter 02 Migration Types Causes and Consequences
NCERT Class 12 Geography Migration Types Causes and Consequences
India People and Economy Chapter 03 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
India People and Economy Chapter 04 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
India People and Economy Chapter 05 Land Resources and Agriculture
NCERT Class 12 Geography Land Resorces and Agriculture
India People and Economy Chapter 06 Water Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 07 Mineral and Energy Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 08 Manufacturing Industries
NCERT Class 12 Geography Manufacturing Industries
India People and Economy Chapter 09 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
NCERT Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
India People and Economy Chapter 11 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
India People and Economy Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
NCERT Class 12 Geography Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
India People and Economy Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
Practical Work in Geography Part II Annexure
NCERT Class 12 Geography Annexure
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 01 Data Its Sources and Compilation
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Its Sources and Compilation
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 02 Data Processing
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Processing
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 03 Graphical Representation of Data
NCERT Class 12 Geography Graphical Representation of Data
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 04 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
NCERT Class 12 Geography Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 05 Field Surveys
NCERT Class 12 Geography Field Surveys
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 06 Spatial Information Technology
NCERT Class 12 Geography Spatial Information Technology
Practical Work in Geography Part II Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary

Geography NCERT Book Class 12 India People and Economy Chapter 6 Water Resources

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NCERT Book Class 12 Geography India People and Economy Chapter 6 Water Resources

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India People and Economy Chapter 6 Water Resources NCERT Book Class 12 Geography

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