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NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition
Class 12 Geography students should refer to the following NCERT Book Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition NCERT Book Class 12
Population Composition
People of any country are diverse in many respects. Each person is unique in her/his own way. People can be distinguished by their age, sex and their place of residence. Some of the other distinguishing attributes of the population are occupation, education and life expectancy.
SEX COMPOSITION
The number of women and men in a country is an important demographic characteristic. The ratio between the number of women and men in the population is called the Sex Ratio. In some countries it is calculated by using the formula: The sex ratio is an important information about the status of women in a country. In regions where gender discrimination is rampant, the sex ratio is bound to be unfavourable to women. Such areas are those where the practice of female foeticide, female infanticide and domestic violence against women are prevalent. One of the reasons could be lower socio-economic status of women in these areas. You must remember that more women in the population does not mean they have a better status. It could be that the men might have migrated to other areas for employment.
On an average, the world population reflects a sex ratio of 990 females per 1000 males. The highest sex ratio in the world has been recorded in Latvia which is 1187 females per 1000 males. In contrast, the lowest sex ratio occurs in U.A.E. which is 468 females per 1000 males.
The world pattern of sex ratio does not exhibit variations in the developed regions of the world. The sex ratio is favourable for females in 139 countries of the world and unfavourable for them in the remaining 72 countries listed by the United Nations.
In general, Asia has a low sex ratio. Countries like China, India, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Afghanistan have a lower sex ratio. On the other extreme is greater part of Europe (including Russia) where males are in minority. A deficit of males in the populations of many European countries is attributed to better status of women, and an excessively male-dominated out-migration to different parts of the world in the past.
Age Structure
Age structure represents the number of people of different age groups. This is an important indicator of population composition, since a large size of population in the age group of 15- 59 indicates a large working population. A greater proportion of population above 60 years represents an ageing population which requires more expenditure on health care facilities. Similarly high proportion of young population would mean that the region has a high birth rate and the population is youthful.
Age-Sex Pyramid
The age-sex structure of a population refers to the number of females and males in different age groups. A population pyramid is used to show the age-sex structure of the population.
The shape of the population pyramid reflects the characteristics of the population. The left side shows the percentage of males while the right side shows the percentage of women in each age group.
Expanding Populations
The age-sex pyramid of Nigeria as you can see is a triangular shaped pyramid with a widebase and is typical of less developed countries. These have larger populations in lower age groups due to high birth rates. If you construct the pyramids for Bangladesh and Mexico, it would look the same.
EXERCISES
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following has caused the sex ratio of the United Arab Emirates to be low?
(a) Selective migration of male working population
(b) High birth rate of males
(c) Low birth rate of females
(d) High out migration of females
(ii) Which one of the following figures represents the working age group of the population?
(a) 15 to 65 years (c) 15 to 66 years
(b) 15 to 64 years (d) 15 to 59 years
(iii) Which one of the following countries has the highest sex ratio in the world?
(a) Latvia (c) Japan
(b) United Arab Emirates (d) France
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What do you understand by population composition?
(ii) What is the significance of age-structure?
(iii) How is sex-ratio measured?
3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.
(i) Describe the rural-urban composition of the population.
(ii) Discuss the factors responsible for imbalances in the sex-age found in different parts of the world and occupational structure.
Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix I |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix II |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Geography Nature and Scope |
NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density and Growth |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Composition |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Primary Activities |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Secondary Activities |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Transport and Communication |
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendices |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Migration Types Causes and Consequences |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Land Resorces and Agriculture |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Manufacturing Industries |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context |
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Annexure |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Its Sources and Compilation |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Processing |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Graphical Representation of Data |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Field Surveys |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Spatial Information Technology |
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary |
NCERT Book Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition
The above NCERT Books for Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition Geography Class 12 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 12 Geography are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 12 Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition book for Geography also includes collection of question. Along with Geography Class 12 NCERT Book in Pdf for Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 3 Population Composition we have provided all NCERT Books in English Medium for Class 12 which will be really helpful for students who have opted for english language as a medium. Class 12 students will need their books in English so we have provided them here for all subjects in Class 12.
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