NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents have been provided below and is also available in Pdf for free download. The NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography have been prepared as per the latest syllabus, NCERT books and examination pattern suggested in Class 11 by CBSE, NCERT and KVS. Questions given in NCERT book for Class 11 Geography are an important part of exams for Class 11 Geography and if answered properly can help you to get higher marks. Refer to more Chapter-wise answers for NCERT Class 11 Geography and also download more latest study material for all subjects. Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents is an important topic in Class 11, please refer to answers provided below to help you score better in exams

Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions

Class 11 Geography students should refer to the following NCERT questions with answers for Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents in Class 11. These NCERT Solutions with answers for Class 11 Geography will come in exams and help you to score good marks

Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography

 

NCERT Solution for Class 11 Geography for chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents

1. Multiple choice question

(i) Who amongst the following was the first to consider the possibility of Europe, Africa and America having been located side by side.

(a) Alfred Wegener
(b) Antonio Pellegrini
(c) Abraham Ortelius
(d) Edmond Hess
Answer:
(c) Abraham Ortelius

(ii) Polar fleeing force relates to:

(a) Revolution of the Earth 

(b) Gravitation
(c) Rotation of the earth
(d) Tides

Answer: (c) Rotation of the earth

 

(iii) Which one of the following is not a minor plate?

(a) Nazca
(b) Arabia
(c) Philippines
(d) Antarctica

Answer:
(d) Antarctica

(iv) Which one of the following facts was not considered by those while discussing the concept of sea floor spreading?

(a) Volcanic activity along the mid-oceanic ridges.
(b) Stripes of normal and reverse magnetic field 
observed in rocks of ocean floor.
(c) Distribution of fossils in different continents.
(d) Age of rocks from the ocean floor.

Answer: (c) Distribution of fossils in different continents.


(v) Which one of the following is the type of plate boundary of the Indian plate along the Himalayan mountains?

(a) Ocean-continent convergence

(b) Divergent boundary

(c) Transform boundary

(d) Continent-continent convergence

Answer: (d) Continent-continent convergence


2. Answer the following questions in about 30 wor

(i) What were the forces suggested by Wegener for the movement of the continents?

Answer: Wegener suggested that two forces were responsible for continental drift. These are Polar fleeing force and Tidal force. The Polar fleeing force is related to the rotation of the earth. The Tidal force is due to the attraction of the moon and the sun, which causes tides in the oceans.

(ii) How are the convectional currents in the mantle initiated and maintained?

Answer: Arthur Holmes in 1930s discussed the possibility of convection currents operating in the earth’s mantle portion, generated due to radioactive elements causing thermal differences in the mantle portion. The convectional currents in the mantle of the earth are initiated and maintained by temperature differences within the earth. Hot magma from greater depths comes up and comparatively cold lava from above goes down giving birth to convectional currents.

(iii) What is the major difference between the transform boundary and the convergent or divergent boundaries of plates?

Answer: The transform boundary is formed when two adjacent plates slip horizontally past one another. Convergent boundary is formed when two plates come closer while divergent boundary is formed when two plates move away from each other.

(iv) What was the location of the Indian landmass during the formation of the Deccan Traps?

Answer: Deccan traps were formed by volcanic lava during the movement of the Indian plate towards the Eurasian plate. This started somewhere around 60 million years ago and continued for a long period. The Indian subcontinent was still close to the equator at that time.


3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words

(i) What are the evidences in support of the continental drift theory?

Answer: Evidence of Movement of Continents:

(i) Jig-Saw-Fit: The shorelines of Africa and South America have a remarkable and unmistakable match.

(ii) Rocks of same age across the oceans: The belt of ancient rocks of 2,000 million years from Brazil coast matches with the rocks from western Africa.

(iii) Tillite: The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counter parts in Africa, Falkland Island, Madagascar, Antarctica, and Australia. At the base, the system has thick tillite indicating extensive and prolonged glaciations.

(iv) Placer Deposits: The gold bearing veins are in Brazil and it is obvious that the gold deposits of the Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.

(v) Fossils: The skeletons of Mesosaurus, a small reptile, are found only in the Southern Cape Province of South Africa and Iraver formations of Brazil. The two localities presently are 4,800 km apart with an ocean in between them.
 

(ii) Bring about the basic difference between the Drift theory and Plate tectonics.

Answer:

Drift Theory: German meteorologist Alfred Wegener suggested the first comprehensive theory of continental drift in 1912. According to Wegener, all the continents formed a single continental mass and mega ocean named Tethys surrounded the same. He argued that around 200 million years ago, the super continent, Pangaea, began to split into two large continental masses as Laurasia and Gondwanaland. Subsequently, Laurasia and Gondwanaland continued to break into various smaller continents that exist today. The continents assumed a shape somewhat similar to the present shape in the Pleistocene Age about 50-60 million years ago.

Plate Tectonics: In the 20th century, McKenzie, Parker, and Morgan, independently collected the available ideas and came out with a concept termed Plate Tectonics. A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. Plates move horizontally over the earth’s asthenosphere as rigid units. The theory of plate tectonics proposes that the earth’s lithosphere is divided into major and minor plates. Young Fold Mountain ridges, trenches, and/or faults surround these major plates. Due to movements of the currents, the rigid plates of the lithosphere, which 'float' on asthenosphere, are in constant motion.


(iii) What were the major post-drift discoveries that rejuvenated the interest of scientists in the study of distribution of oceans and continents?

Answer: Several post-drift studies have revealed many new facts of geological and geographical importance. Some of the major finds are followings:

  1. Arthur Holmes in 1930s discussed the possibility of convection currents, which are generating due to radioactive elements causing thermal differences in the mantle portion.
  2. The mid-oceanic ridges were found to be most active in terms of volcanic eruptions.
  3. There are remarkable similarities in rocks located equidistant on either side of the crest of-ridges with respect to the period of formation, chemical compositions, and magnetic properties.
  4. The ocean crust rocks are much younger than the continental rocks.
  5. The deep trenches have deep-seated earthquake occurrences.
  6. The development of concept of sea floor spreading gave a new twist to the distribution of continents and oceans in form of plate tectonics.
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 01 Geography as a Discipline
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 1 Geography as a Discipline
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 02 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 03 Interior of the Earth
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 3 Interior of the Earth
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 04 Distribution of Oceans and Continents
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 05 Minerals and Rocks
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Rocks
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 06 Geomorphic Processes
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 6 Geomorphic processes
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 07 Landforms and their Evolution
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Landforms and their Evolution
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 08 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 8 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 09 Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 9 Solar Radiation Heat Balance and Temperature
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 10 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 10 Atmospheric circulation and weather Systems
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 11 Water in the Atmosphere
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 11 Water in the Atmosphere
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 12 World Climate and Climate Change
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 12 World Climate and Climate Change
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 13 Water (Oceans)
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 13 Water Oceans
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 14 Movements of Ocean Water
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 14 Movements of Ocean Water
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 15 Life on the Earth
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 15 Life on the Earth
Fundamental of Physical Geography Chapter 16 Biodiversity and Conservation
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 16 Biodiversity and Conservation
India Physical Environment Chapter 01 India Location
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 1 India Location
India Physical Environment Chapter 02 Structure and Physiography
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 Structure and Physiography
India Physical Environment Chapter 03 Drainage System
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 3 Drainage System
India Physical Environment Chapter 04 Climate
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 4 Climate
India Physical Environment Chapter 05 Natural Vegetation
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation
India Physical Environment Chapter 06 Soils
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 6 Soils
India Physical Environment Chapter 07 Natural Hazards and Disasters
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Natural Hazards and Disasters
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 01 Introduction to Maps
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 1 Introduction to Maps
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 02 Map Scale
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 Map Scale
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 03 Latitude, Longitude and Time
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 3 Latitude Longitude and Time
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 04 Map Projections
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 4 Map Projections
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 05 Topographical Maps
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 5 Topographical Maps
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 06 Introduction To Aerial Photographs
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 6 Introduction to Aerial Photographs
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 07 Introduction To Remote Sensing
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 7 Introduction to Remote Sensing
Practical Work in Geography Chapter 08 Weather Instruments, Maps and Charts
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 8 Weather Instruments Maps and Charts

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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents

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Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents Class 11 Geography NCERT Solutions

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NCERT Solutions Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents Class 11 Geography

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Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents Class 11 NCERT Solution Geography

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Class 11 NCERT Solution Geography Chapter 4 Distribution of the Oceans and Continents

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