CBSE Class 12 Biology HOTs Biodiversity And Conservation

Question. Ex situ strategies include
I. zoological parks
II. seed/pollen banks
III. gene bank and tissue cultures
IV. botanical garden
Choose the correct option.
(a) II, III and IV
(b) I, II and III
(c) I, II and IV
(d) I, II, III and IV

Answer: D

Question. Which one of the following is not used for ex situ plant conservation?
(a) Field gene banks
(b) Seed banks
(c) Shifting cultivation
(d) Botanical gardens

Answer: C

Question. All of the following are included in ex situ conservation except.
(a) botanical gardens
(b) sacred groves
(c) wildilfe safari parks
(d) seed banks

Answer: B

Question. Which one of the following is related to ex situ conservation of threatened animals and plants ?
(a) Wildflife safari parks
(b) Biodiversity hotspots
(c) Amazon rainforest
(d) Himalayan region

Answer: A

Question. One of the most important function of botanical gardens is that
(a) one can observe tropical plants there
(b) they allow ex situ conservation of the germplasm
(c) they provide the natural habitat for wildlife
(d) they provide a beautiful area for recreation

Answer: B

Question. Cryopreservation of gametes of threatened species in viable and fertile condition can be referred to as.
(a) in situ conservation of biodiversity
(b) advanced ex situ conservation of biodiversity
(c) in situ conservation by sacred groves
(d) in situ cryopreservation of biodiversity

Answer: B

Question. In which one of the following, both pairs have correct combination? 
(a) In situ conservation/National park
Ex situ conservation/Botanical garden
(b) In situ conservation/Cryopreservation
Ex situ conservation/Wildlife sanctuary
(c) In situ conservation/Seed bank
Ex situ conservation/National park
(d) In situ conservation/Tissue culture
Ex situ conservation/Sacred groves

Answer: A

Question. The Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 was called 
(a) for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits
(b) to assess threat posed to native species by invasive weed species
(c) for immediate steps to discontinue the use of CFCs that were damaging the ozone layer
(d) to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming

Answer: A

Question. Where was the World Summit on Sustainable development held ?
(a) South Africa
(b) USA
(c) South Korea
(d) UK

Answer: A

I. Assertion and Reason n Direction (Q. No. 73-81) In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by corresponding statement of Reason (R). 
Of the statements, mark the correct answer as
(a) If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) If A is true, but R is false
(d) If A is false, but R is true

Question. Assertion (A) Community with more species tends to be more stable than those with less species.
Reason (R) More the number of species, less will be year to year variation in total biomass.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) Species with low genetic variability are usually at a great risk of extinction.
Reason (R) Low genetic variability increases vulnerability to diseases, environmental changes and predators.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) Tropical latitudes have greater biological diversity than temperate latitudes.
Reason (R) Tropical regions remain relatively undisturbed for millions of years.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) The great Indian bustard is a critically endangered bird found in India.
Reason (R) It is vulnerable to extinction in the future.
Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) The presently occurring species extinction is different from the earlier mass extinction.
Reason (R) Present species extinction is due to natural causes, whereas the earlier extinction was due to the man-made causes.
Answer: C

Question. Assertion (A) In case, a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated within an obligatory way also become extinct.
Reason (R) When a host fish species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of parasites also become extinct.
Answer: A

Question. Assertion (A) If the species-area relationships are analysed among very large areas like the entire continents, the value of Z, i.e. slope of line lies in the range of 0.1 to 0.2.
Reason (R) Larger is the explored area more is the steepness of slope of line.
Answer: D

80 Assertion (A) Keystone species are not relevant to biodiversity conservation.
Reason (R) Keystone species have a significant impact on community structure and characteristics.
Answer: D

Question. Assertion (A) IUCN prepares and maintains a Red Data Book since 1963.
Reason (R) It is catalogue which provides an awareness about the degree of threat to the biodiversity.
II. Statement Based Questions

Answer: A

Question. Select the correct statement about biodiversity.
(a) The desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as numerous rare animals
(b) Large scale planting of Bt cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity
(c) Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism
(d) Conservation of biodiversity is just a fad pursued by the developed countries

Answer: C

Question. Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Species diversity provides stability to the ecosystem
(b) Communities with more species tend to be more stable than those with less species
(c) Ecosystems with higher biodiversity are more productive than the ecosystems with lower biodiversity
(d) Biodiversity is not essential for the maintenance and health of ecosystems

Answer: D

Question. Which of the following statement is the incorrect explanations about higher diversity in tropical areas in comparison to the temperate areas?
(a) There are less seasonal variations in tropics
(b) Less solar energy is available in tropics
(c) Rate of extinction is low in tropics
(d) Resource availability is higher in tropics

Answer: B

Question. Which of the following statements shows an example of alien species invading a new ecosystem resulting in biodiversity losses?
(a) Introduction of Nile perch into lake Victoria in East Africa
(b) Introduction of water hyacinth into India
(c) Introduction of African catfish into Indian rivers
(d) All of the above

Answer: D

Question. Which of the following statements is true ?
(a) The IUCN Red list (2004) documents the extinction of 784 species (including 338 vertebrates, 359 invertebrates and 87 plants) in last 500 years
(b) There are more than 20,000 species of ants, 3,00,000 species of beetles, 28, 000 species of fishes and nearly 20,000 species of orchids
(c) More than 70% of all the species recorded are animals, while plants comprise no more than 22% of the total
(d) All of the above

Answer: D

Question. Select the statement that is in support of ethical arguments for biodiversity conservation.
(a) Every species has an intrinsic value even though economically it is not valuable
(b) Several benefits are derived from biodiversity such as food, furniture, medicines, etc.
(c) Pollination, photosynthesis, carbon cycle, etc., are the ecological processes which maintains the balance of nature
(d) All of the above

Answer: A

Question. Identify the incorrect statement.
(a) In wildlife sanctuaries protection is only given to animal life
(b) National parks protects both the flora and fauna
(c) MAB programme of UNESCO protects the sacred groves as a site of biodiversity conservation
(d) Ramsar sites are integral part of watersheds are very rich in biodiversity and a component of in situ conservation

Answer: C

Question. Which of the following statements are correct?
I. Alpha diversity represents number of species in a given habitat.
II. Genetic diversity are the variation of the genes within species.
III. Beta diversity is the diversity of the habitat in the whole region.
IV. Species diversity is the product of the species richness and evenness.
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II and III
(b) I and II
(c) I, II, III and IV
(d) I, II and IV

Answer: D

Question. Which of the following statements are correct about Amazon rainforest?
I. It is called lungs of the planet.
II. It harbours probably millions of the species.
III. It is the largest tropical rainforest in South America and has greatest biodiversity on earth.
IV. They are being cut and cleared for cultivating soybeans or for the conversion to grasslands for raising beef cattle.
Choose the correct option.
(a) II, III and IV
(b) I, II and III
(c) I and II
(d) I, II, III and IV

Answer: D

Question. The impacts of loss of biodiversity may lead to
I. lowered resistance to environmental perturbation.
II. decrease in plant production.
III. increased variability in ecosystem processes like water use, pest/disease cycle, plants productivity.
IV. increase in plant production.
Select the option containing correct statements.
(a) I and II
(b) I and IV
(c) I and III
(d) I, II and III

Answer: D

Question. Which of the following statements are correct about narrowly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity?
I. Ecosystem services like photosynthesis.
II. Industrial products like dyes and lubricants.
III. Watching spring flowers in full bloom.
IV. The aesthetic pleasure of walking through thick woods.
V. Fibre, firewood and construction material.
VI. Products of medicinal importance.
Choose the correct option.
(a) I, II and III
(b) II, V and VI
(c) IV, V and VI
(d) I, III and VI

Answer: B

Question. Select the correct statement (s).
I. India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice.
II. India has 1000 varieties of mango.
III. At ecosystem level, India, with its deserts, rainforests mangroves, etc., has a greater diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway.
IV. The tropical rainforest initially covered 14% of the land surface of earth, but now they cover only6%of the land area.
(a) I and II
(b) I, II and III
(c) II, III and IV
(d) I, II, III and IV

Answer: D

Question. Wildlife conservation aims at
I. maintaining the ecological process.
II. to enrich the wildlife diversity with exotic species.
III. preventing migration of the species.
IV. maintaining the diversity of life.
Select the option containing correct statements.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) III and IV
(d) I and IV

Answer: D

Question. Read the following statements.
I. Species diversity increases as we move away from the equator towards the poles.
II. Stellar’s sea cow and passenger pigeon got extinct due to overexploitation by man.
III. Lantana and Eichhornia are invasive weed in India.
IV. The historic convention on biological diversity was held in 1992.
Choose the option containing correct statements. 
(a) I and II
(b) I, II and IV
(c) I, III and IV
(d) II, III and IV

Answer: D

Question. The important levels of biodiversity are
(a) genetic biodiversity
(b) species biodiversity
(c) ecological biodiversity
(d) All of these

Answer: D

Question. Which among the following hypothesis explains richness of tropical forests in terms of species biodiversity?
(a) David Tilman’s hypothesis
(b) Species-area relationship by Alexander von Humboldt
(c) Rivet popper hypothesis
(d) None of the above

Answer: B

Question. Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?
(a) South America
(b) South Africa
(c) Russia
(d) India

Answer: A

Question. Which of the following is not a cause for loss of biodiversity?
(a) Destruction of habitat
(b) Invasion by alien species
(c) Keeping animals in zoological parks
(d) Overexploitation of natural resources

Answer: C

Question. Which of the following is not an invasive alien species in the Indian context?
(a) Lantana
(b) Cynodon
(c) Parthenium
(d) Eichhornia

Answer: B

Question. Where among the following will you find pitcher plant?
(a) Rainforest of North-East India
(b) Sunderbans
(c) Thar desert
(d) Western Ghats

Answer: A

Question. Which one of the following is not a major characteristic feature of biodiversity hotspots?
(a) Large number of species
(b) Abundance of endemic species
(c) Mostly located in the tropics
(d) Mostly located in the polar regions

Answer: D

Question. Match the animals given in Column I with their location in Column II. (Image 110)

Answer: D

Question. What is common to the following plants Nepenthes, Psilotum, Rauwolfia and Aconitum?
(a) All are ornamental plants
(b) All are phylogenic link species
(c) All are prone to overexploitation
(d) All are exclusively present in the Eastern Himalayas

Answer: C

Question. The one-horned rhinoceros is specific to which of the following sanctuary?
(a) Bhitar Kanika
(b) Bandipur
(c) Kaziranga
(d) Corbett park

Answer: C

Question. Amongst the animal groups given below, which one appears to be more vulnerable to extinction?
(a) Insects
(b) Mammals
(c) Amphibians
(d) Reptiles

Answer: C

Question. Which one of the following is an endangered plant species of India?
(a) Rauwolfia serpentina
(b) Santalum album (sandal wood)
(c) Cycas beddomei
(d) All of the above

Answer: D

Question. What is common to Lantana, Eichhornia and African catfish?
(a) All are endangered species of India
(b) All are key stone species
(c) All mammals are found in India
(d) All the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India

Answer: D

Question. The extinction of passenger pigeon was due to
(a) increased number of predatory birds
(b) overexploitation by humans
(c) non-availability of the food
(d) bird flu virus infection

Answer: B

Question. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Parthenium is an endemic species of our country
(b) African catfish is not a threat to indigenous catfishes
(c) Steller’s sea cow is an extinct animal
(d) Lantana is popularly known as carrot grass

Answer: C

Question. Among the ecosystems mentioned below, where can one find maximum biodiversity?
(a) Mangroves
(b) Desert
(c) Coral reefs
(d) Alpine meadows

Answer: C

Question. Which of the following forests is known as the ‘Lungs of the planet earth’?
(a) Taiga forest
(b) Tundra forest
(c) Amazon rainforest
(d) Rainforests of North-East India

Answer: C

Question. The active chemical drug reserpine is obtained from
(a) Datura
(b) Rauwolfia
(c) Atropa
(d) Papaver

Answer: B

Question. Which of the following groups exhibits more species diversity?
(a) Gymnosperms
(b) Algae
(c) Bryophytes
(d) Fungi

Answer: D

Question. Which of the below mentioned regions exhibit less seasonal variations?
(a) Tropics
(b) Temperates
(c) Alpines
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: A

Question. The historic convention on biological diversity held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 is known as
(a) CITES Convention
(b) The Earth Summit
(c) G-16 Summit
(d) MAB Programme

Answer: B

Question. What is common to the techniques given below?
I. In vitro fertilisation. II. Cryopreservation.
III. Tissue culture.
(a) All are in situ conservation methods
(b) All are ex situ conservation methods
(c) All require ultra modern equipment and large space
(d) All methods are of conservation of extinct organisms

Answer: B

Question. From the graph of species richness and area relationship write the equation for ‘a’and ‘b’.