Ans. Anxiety is a chronic fear that limits our ability to carry out normal functions.
Ques 7. What are intrinsic motivations?
Ans. This motivation is within an individual and guides him to perform better. It is based upon needs, interest, nature, emotions, social needs etc.
Ques 8. What are the causes and symptoms of anxiety in sports?
Ans. Causes
(ì) Genetics
ii)Brain chemistry
(iii) Environmental factors
(iv) Stress
Symptoms
(ì) Feeling restlessness
ii) Muscular tension
iii) Nervousness
(iv) Headache
(v) Increased BP
(vi) Confusion
Ques 9. Explain goal setting as a technique of motivation in brief.
Ans. Goal setting technique is one of the most important techniques of motivation. If you do not set a goal, you cannot achieve an apex position in life. A person should set goals according to one’s capabilities on a regular basis. Coaches should not be too rigid while setting goals for a sportsperson. There should be some flexibility in their approach,
Ques 10. Explain two techniques of motivation.
Ans. Two techniques of motivation are
(ì) Gc-al Setting Sportsmen should be encouraged to set few ambitious but achievable tong : term as well as medium-term goals. e. g. If a person wants to get a good position or a medal in Olympic Games, he should also set the goals for getting a position in Asian or National Games.
Ques 11. What is the importance of sports psychology?
Ans: The importance of sports psychology can be understood from the following points
(ì) It analyses the behaviour of sportsmen.
(ii) It identifies talent fo. r specific sports.
(iii) It creates a better learning situation.
(iv) It stabilizes the performance of a sportsperson for a longer period.
(v) It is important from the research point of view.
(vi) It encourages the players to perform better,
Ques 12. Explain any three techniques of motivation for higher achievement in sports,
Ans: Techniques of motivation our higher achievement in sports are
(ì) Healthy Sports Environment A healthy sports environment plays a vital role in motivating the sportsperson. Healthy sport environment consists of proper humidity and temperature, smooth and clean sports fields, good quality of sports equipment and other facilities. Positive Attitude For proper motivation, the coaches should try to encourage positive attitude among sportspersons. Players must think positively.
(ìì) Cash Prizes, Certificates and Trophies These are good incentives to sportspersons. Governments offer cash prizes to sportspersons who win.
Ques 13. What is the role of anxiety in sports
Ans. Anxiety plays an important role in sports, It is an essential ingredient of any competitive situation, Anxiety levels differ from athlete to athlete and from situation to situation. Athletes learn how to cope with stressful and competitive situations and manage anxiety with or assistance from a coach, otherwise they would not be able to give outstanding performances.
Ques 14. How can you manage anxiety in sports
Ans. Anxiety can be managed by
(i) Keeping cool
ii) Yogic meditation
iii) Biofeedback
(iv) Following a behavior modification strategy
(V) Progressive relaxation breathing technique
(vì) Somatic adjustment (control of cognitive processes)
(víì) Guidance from a technically trained sports psychologist
Ques 15. What are general sports ethics?
Ans. Sports ethics means the code of conduct of players, coaches, : supervisors and administrators of various organizations. Ethics such as honesty, fair play, obedience of rules, discipline and many moral behaviors are developed through participation.
Ques 16. What principles should be forward for goal setting?
Ans. Principles to be followed for goal setting are
(í) Make goals specific, measurable, and observable.
ii) Clearly identify time constraints.
iii) Use moderately difficult goals; they are superior to either easy or very difficult goals.
(iv) Write goals down and regularly monitor progress.
v) Use a mix of process, performance, and outcome goals.
vi) Use short range goals to achieve long range goals.
(vii) Set team as well as individual performance goals.
(viii) Set practice as well as competition goals,
(ix) Make sure goals are internalized by the athlete.
(x) Consider personality and individual differences in goal setting.
Ques 17. Define sports psychology and elucidate its importance in the field of sports.
Ans. Sports psychology is the branch of applied psychology which deals with sports performance and the Behavior of a player during training or competitions.
Importance of Sports psychology is due to
(i) Learning of Motor Skills Sports psychology plays a major role in the learning of motor skills. Motor skills learning depends on the individual's level of readiness.
ii) Analyzing the Behavior of Sportsmen Performance of a player depends upon the behaviors which are influenced by various factors such as sex differences, family conditions, personal background, heredity, growth, physical and mental maturity levels etc.
(iii) Identifying Talent for Specific Sports Every sports has specific psychological demands. e. g boxing requires more aggressiveness, whereas archery and shooting require more concentration.
(iv) Stabilizing the Performance for Longer Period It helps in stabilizing the performance of a player for a longer period. Then the performance of the player largely depends upon his psychological make up and anxiety level.
(V) Important from Research Point of View Sports psychologists works in very close proximity to coaches to uplift the performance of players. Research findings help in promotion of sports and games.
(vi) Encouraging the Players to Make a Comeback in Professional Sports Sports psychology
encourages the players, who, due to injury or some accident, are forced to take a long break from their professional career, to return to their sport.
Ques 18. What is motivation? Explain different types of motivation.
Ans. Motivation means to be inspired to do something. It is a kind of inner force which energizes a man to make constant efforts. According to Crook and Stein, "Motivation is any condition that might energies and direct our action.
Types of Motivation
There are two types of motivation
(i)Intrinsic Motivation This motivation is within an individual and guides him/her to perform better. It is based upon needs, interest, nature, emotions, social need etc. It also depends upon knowledge of result, personal factor, competition zeal etc. He/she participates in sports for his/her own sake.
(ii) Extrinsic Motivation This motivation depends upon environmental factors. It has a great impact on an individual's performance. It is of various types like rewards, punishment, active participation, test evaluation, teaching methods, equipment and surroundings etc.
