CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination

Please refer to CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination. Download HOTS questions and answers for Class 10 Science. Read CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs for Chapter 7 Control and Coordination below and download in pdf. High Order Thinking Skills questions come in exams for Science in Class 10 and if prepared properly can help you to score more marks. You can refer to more chapter wise Class 10 Science HOTS Questions with solutions and also get latest topic wise important study material as per NCERT book for Class 10 Science and all other subjects for free on Studiestoday designed as per latest CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and pattern for Class 10

Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Class 10 Science HOTS

Class 10 Science students should refer to the following high order thinking skills questions with answers for Chapter 7 Control and Coordination in Class 10. These HOTS questions with answers for Class 10 Science will come in exams and help you to score good marks

HOTS Questions Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Class 10 Science with Answers

Important Questions for NCERT Class 10 Science Control And Coordination

Q1 What is cerebrospinal fluid? What is its function?

Ans. The fluid which fills the space between the membranes which cover the brain is called cerebrospinal fluid. It protects the brain from mechanical shocks.

Q2 Taking the example of heart beat, justify the antagonistic action of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves.

Ans. Sympathetic system increases contraction and rhythm and parasympathetic system decreases contraction and rhythm with respect to heart beat.

Q3 Why is the flow of signals in a synapse from axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another neuron but not the  everse?

Ans. When an electrical signal reaches the axonal end of a neuron it releases a chemical substance. This chemical diffuses towards the dendritic end of next neuron where it generates an electrical impulse. Hence the electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal at the axonal end. Since these chemicals are absent at the dendritic end of the neuron the electrical signal cannot be converted into chemical signal.

Q4 Sameer was studying in his room. Suddenly he smells something burning and sees smoke in the room. He rushes out of the room immediately. Was Sameer’s action voluntary or involuntary? Why?

Ans. Sameer’s action was voluntary because rushing out of the room was under his conscious control. The smoke and smell were perceived by the receptors in the sense organ and signals are sent to the brain. The brain then sent the signals to the effector organs to move out of the room.

Q5 How does the plant shoot bends, when the plant is placed in a room having only one open window?

Ans. When the plant is placed in such a room that has only one open window, the shoot of the plant bends towards the direction of light. Plant hormone auxin is formed that diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot and stimulates the cells to live longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light. In this way the shoot bends towards the light

Q6: Give a reason to explain why

(a) adrenaline helps in dealing emergency situations?

(b) secretions of growth hormone should be specific in the human body?

Ans. a. Adrenaline increases the heart beat and breathing rate which results in the supply of more oxygen to muscles. It reduces the blood to the digestive system and skin, as a result the blood is further diverted to skeletal muscles. All these responses together prepare the body to deal with the emergency situations.

b. If growth hormones is secreted in excess during childhood then it leads to gigantism while the less secretion of this hormone during childhood causes dwarfism.

Q7: Why do leaves drop off seasonally?

Ans. The leaves drop off seasonally as they stop producing auxins, which normally prevents the formation of abscission zone that cuts off nutrients and water supply to leaves.

Q8: Give reason why endocrine glands release their secretions into the blood?

Ans. Endocrine glands are ductless glands and their products have to act at a distant site. Therefore, they release their secretions into the blood.

 

1. How involuntary actions and reflex actions are different form each other?

Ans. 

CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set B

2. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable?

Ans. Iodine is required by the thyroid gland to make thyroxine hormone. Iodised salt provides iodine needed by thyroid gland to make sufficient thyroxin 1 for our body. The use of iodised salt prevents risk of goiter.

 

3. Name the centre of the brain that controls (i) Swallowing (ii) hearing

Ans. (i) Medulla oblongata in hind brain. (ii) Swallowing cerebrum in fore brain – Hearing

 

4. Represent schematically the path of a reflex action.

Ans. 

CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set B

5. Why are some patients of diabetes treated by 2 giving injections of insulin?

Ans. Insulin hormone which is secreted by pancreas regulates the levels of sugar in the blood. In diabetic patients it is not secreted in required amount therefore blood sugar level rises and causes various harmful effects. So, to prevent these effects some patients of diabetes are treated by giving injections of insulin. 

 

6. Which signal will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury?

Ans. (i) It disturbed all the involuntary actions. (ii) Reflex actions will be disrupted because reflexes are located in the spinal cord. Therefore, the quick response required to safe guard the body will not take place.

 

7. How does a touch – me – not plant respond on touching? What is this movement called? 

Ans. Touch – me – not plant folds its leaflets on touching. This type of movement is called Growth independent movement.

 

8. What are phytohormones? Name them.

Ans. Phytohormones are special chemical compounds released by different parts of plant. They help to co – ordinate growth, development and responses to the environment. They are synthesized at site away from where they act and simple diffuse to the area of action. These are – a) Auxin b) Gibberlins c) Cytokinin d) Abscisic acid e) Ethylene.

 

9. What is the role of the brain in reflex action? 

Ans. A reflex action is one which we perform automatically. The sensory and motor nerves meet at a point in the spinal cord on their way to the brain. Thus the information through sensory nerves goes to the brain, where thinking process occurs. But if the reflex action is instant where thinking in not involved then the brain has no role.

10. How is control and co – ordination between environment and plants brought about?

Ans. Plants do not have a nervous system for control & co – ordination like animals but do give response to external stimuli like touch, light and chemicals etc. plants responses are mainly of two types – Growth dependent and growth in dependent response. Growth in dependent Responses are because of change in the amount of water. Growth dependent responses are due to cell divisions. 

11. Give two examples of function in plants that are regulated by light

Ans. 1) Breaking of dormancy (seed germination) 2) Flowering

12. What is co – ordination? Give an example.

Ans. The working together of the various systems in a body to adjust the vital activities of life is called co – ordination. Forex – the nervous system receives information form the surroundings, then processes and interprets it and finally responds accordingly. The endocrine system helps in control and co – ordination.

13. How endocrine glands do helps in maintaining feedback control?

Ans. The timing and amount of hormones released are regulated by feedback mechanism. For example, glucose level in the blood is maintained constant 6 (0.1%). The blood glucose levels may be maintained constantly by either of the following feedback mechanism. a) High glucose level in the blood induces the pancreatic cells to produce insulin which converts glucose to glycogen. b) Less glucose level in the blood do not induce the pancreateic cells to produce insulin so that less conversion of glucose to glycogen may occur.

14. Which types of glands in human body secrete hormones? State any one location for them.

Ans. There are three types of glands which secrete hormone in human bodya) Exocrine gland – these are duct glands which do not secrete their secretion into the blood. For ex – salivary gland. it secretes salivary amylase which digest starch. b) Endocrine – gland – These are ductless gland, and 7 they pour their secretion in blood. For ex – Pituitary gland. It is master gland, controls most of the activities. c) Heterocrine gland – which act as both endocrine and exocrine type of glands. For Ex Pancreas – Endocrine part produces hormone insulin and glycogen and exocrine part produce digestive enzymes.

15. What is the result of hypothyroidism in children called?

Ans. Hypothyroidism in children called exophthalmic goiter. It causes bulging of eyes, Increases blood pressure and heart beat.

16. How following is affected in plants by various hormones?

Ans. Hormones like Auxins, cytokinin promotes female flowers. Whereas Gibberellins promote male 8 flowers. Ethylene promote flowering in some plants like pineapple Phytohormones and duration of light also induce flowering in long day plants and short day plants.

 

17. Name the fluid filled between the menings of the brain. What are its functions?

Ans. Cerebrospinal fluid. It protects the brain form mechanical shocks.

 

18. Name any two heterocrine glands and mention their function.

Ans.

CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set B

19. What is the response of stem towards light & gravity? 

Ans. Stem show positive response towards light and 9 negative response toward gravity.

 

20. Name two activities which are regulated by plant pigments.

Ans. 1) some specialized pigments, phytochromes are responsible of the response to photoperiodic stimulus. 2) The control and co – ordination in plants with its environment is regulated by phytohormoens & phytochromes together.

 

21. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?

Ans. Smell of agarbatti is detected by olfactory receptors in the temporal lobe of fore-brain. It is first received by olfactory receptors in our nose.

 

22. What is the role of brain in reflex action? 

Ans. Reflex arcs are formed in the spinal cord itself although the information also goes on to brain where the encounter remains the memory and make us aware of our action.

 

23. What are plant hormones?

Ans. They are chemical which help to coordinate growth, development, flowering and response to the environment in plants.

 

24. How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the movement of a shoot towards light?

Ans. Difference between movement of leaves of sensitive plants and movement of shoot towards light:

 

25. How does chemical coordination take place in animals? 

Ans. The chemical coordination is maintained by hormones. These are secreted by endocrine glands. These hormones are poured into blood through which they reach the target tissue or organ to act.

 

26. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? 

Ans. Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxin hormone. In case, iodine is absent in our diet, there is a possibility of Goitre. Iodised common salt contains proper content of iodine. To avoid deficiency of iodine, iodised salt is recommended.

 

27. Jive one example of plant part. a. Which is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic. b. Which is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic.

Ans. a. roots b. stem

 

28. The neck of a person appears to be swollen. a. Name the disease this person suffering from. b. Name the mineral whose deficiency in the diet causes this disease.

Ans. a. Goiter b. Iodine

 

29. Taking the example of heart beat, justify the antagonistic action of the sympathetic and the Sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves.

Ans. Sympathetic system increases contraction and rhythm and parasympathetic system decreases contraction and rhythm with respect to heart beat

 

30. Why is abscise acid known as stress hormone in plants? 

Ans. Abscise acid in a plant hormone which inhibits growth. Its effects include wilting of leaves.

 

31. Name the part of neuron (a) where information is acquired. (b) through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

Ans. a. Dendrite b. Axon

 

32. Why do leaves drop off seasonally?

Ans. The leaves drop off seasonally as they stop producing axing, which normally prevents the formation of abscission zone that cuts off nutrients and water supply to leaves. Therefore, they release their secretions into the blood. 

 

33. A person suffered a head injury, due to which he faces breathing problem. No problem was detected with his respiratory system. What could be the cause of this problem?

Ans. As the problem is caused due to head injury, it could be related to “Pons” a part of Hind brain responsible for regulation of respiration.

 

34. In a family of normal sized members, there are two exceptions, one member is dwarf and one is tall like “Khali”. What could be the cause of it?

Ans. In case of dwarfs, there is a deficiency of growth hormone from Pituitary gland and in case of giants excess or growth hormone is produced during childhood.

 

35. Why do you blink your eyes as bright light is focused on you?

Ans. We blink in order to protect the eye from bright 15 light which otherwise would damage the retina.

 

36. There is a polled plant in your drawing room, after few days you note that plant has bent to one side. What could be the reason? How has this movement been coordinated?

Ans. The plant has bent to one side due to phototropic movement of the stem. This movement is due to unequal growth of the stem on both sides. This growth is initiated by the hormone auxin.

 

37. A leaf shaped gland is present above the intestine. The secretion of this gland regulates the metabolism of sugar in blood. Name the secretion and gland.

Ans. The name of the gland is pancreas. The secretion is Insulin from special cells in it.

 

Q.1) On touching a hot plate, you suddenly withdraw your hand. Which category of neurons became active first and which one next?

 

Ans.1) On touching a hot plate, first the sensory neurons are activated, which take the information to the brain or the spinal cord. Next, the motor neurons become active and bring the impulses from the brain to the muscles. In receiving these impulses, the muscles contract, and the hand is immediately removed from the hot plate.

 

Q.2) Give one example of plant part.

      a. Which is positively hydrotropic as well as positively geotropic.

      b. Which is positively phototropic but negatively geotropic.

 

Ans.2) a. roots b. stem

 

Q.3) What name is given to the microscopic gap between two adjacent neurons?

 

Ans.3) Synapse

 

Q.4) If we step on something sharp accidently we move our foot away at once .what is  this type of response known as?

 

Ans.4) Reflex action

 

Q.5) A part of the hind brain makes possible activities like walking, skating, riding a bicycle and picking up a pencil.name this part of the hind brain.

 

Ans.5) Cerebellum

 

Q.6) The neck of a person appears to be swollen.

    a. Name the disease this person suffering from.

    b. Name the mineral whose deficiency in the diet causes this disease.

 

Ans.6) a. Goitre

 b. Iodine

 

Q.7) Name the plant hormone:

   (a) which inhibits growth and causes wilting of leaves.

   (b) which promotes cell division.

 

Ans.7) a. Abscisic acid.

b. Cytokinins.

 

Q.8) Taking the example of heart beat, justify the antagonistic action of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nerves.

 

Ans.8) Sympathetic system increases contraction and rhythm and parasympathetic system decreases contraction and rhythm with respect to heart beat.

 

Q.9) Why is abscisic acid known as stress hormone in plants?

 

Ans.9) Abscisic acid in a plant hormone which inhibits growth. Its effects include wilting of leaves.

 

Q.10) Name the part of neuron

   (a) where information is acquired.

   (b) through which information travels as an electrical impulse.

 

Ans.10) a. Dendrite

b. Axon

 

Q.11) How does the plant shoot bends, when the plant is placed in a room having only one open window?
 
Ans.11) When the plant is placed in such a room that has only one open window, the shoot of the plant bends towards the direction of light. Plant hormone auxin is formed that diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot and stimulates the cells to live longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light. In this way the shoot bends towards the light. 

 

Q.12) Who transmits nerve impulse across the synapse?
 
Ans.12) Neurotransmitters. 

 

Q.13) Give a reason to explain why

 

(a) adrenaline helps in dealing emergency situations?

 

(b) secretions of growth hormone should be specific in the human body?
 
Ans.13) a. Adrenaline increases the heart beat and breathing rate which results in the supply of more oxygen to muscles. It reduces the blood to the digestive system and skin, as a result the blood is further diverted to skeletal muscles. All these responses together prepare the body to deal with the emergency situations.
 
b. If growth hormones is secreted in excess during childhood then it leads to gigantism while the less secretion of this hormone during childhood causes dwarfism.
 

 

Q.14) Why do leaves drop off seasonally?
 
Ans.14) The leaves drop off seasonally as they stop producing auxins, which normally prevents the formation of abscission zone that cuts off nutrients and water supply to leaves.
 

 

Q.15) Give reason why endocrine glands release their secretions into the blood?
 
Ans.15) Endocrine glands are ductless glands and their products have to act at a distant site. Therefore, they release their secretions into the blood.

Q. 1 A person suffered a head injury, due to which he faces breathing problem. No problem was detected with his respiratory system. What could be the cause of this problem? 1 Mark

 
Ans. As the problem is caused due to head injury, it could be related to “Pons” a part of Hind brain responsible for regulation of respiration.
 
Q. 2 A man becomes unconscious due to head injury. A pin is pricked on his foot, he withdraws his foot. Why? Explain. 3 Marks
 
Ans. It is reflex action. Stimulus is perceived by receptor (skin). Sensory nerve sends the sensation from receptor to the spinal cord. Then spinal cord sends the message through motor nerves to the effectors. Effectors i.e. muscles help in withdrawing his foot.
 
Q. 3 In a family of normal sized members, there are two exceptions, one member is dwarf and one is tall like “Khali”. What could be the cause of it? 2 Marks
 
Ans. In case of dwarfs, there is a deficiency of growth hormone from Pituitary gland and in case of giants excess of growth hormone is produced during childhood.
 
Q.4 Why do you blink your eyes as bright light is focused on you? 1 Mark
 
Ans. We blink in order to protect the eye from bright light which otherwise would damage the retina.
 
Q. 5 There is a potted plant in your drawing room, after few days you note that plant has bent to one side. What could be the reason? How has this movement been cocoordinated? 1 Mark
 
Ans. The plant has bent to one side due to phototropic movement of the stem. This movement is due to unequal growth of the stem on both sides. This growth is initiated by the hormone auxin.
 
Q. 6 A leaf shaped gland is present above the intestine. The secretion of this gland regulates the metabolism of sugar in blood. Name the secretion and gland. 1 Mark
 
Ans The name of the gland is pancreas. The secretion is Insulin from special cells in it.
 
 
 
1. Compare nervous and hormonal mechanism for control
Ans.
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set c
 
Ans. (i) Thyroxin – Control overall metabolic rate of the body (carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism)
(ii) Insulin – Conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles, thus decreases blood glucose level.
(iii) Adrenalin – increases heart beat, blood pressure and blood glucose level.
(iv) Growth hormone – Body growth and development of bones.
(v) Testosterone – Development of male sex organ
 
2. Mention one function for each of these hormones.
i) Thyroxine
ii) Insulin
iii) Adrenaline
iv) Growth hormone
v) Testosterone.
 
Ans. (i) Thyroxin – Control overall metabolic rate of the body (carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism)
(ii) Insulin – Conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles, thus decreases blood glucose level.
(iii) Adrenalin – increases heart beat, blood pressure and blood glucose level.
(iv) Growth hormone – Body growth and development of bones.
(v) Testosterone – Development of male sex organ sand secondary sex characteristics like moustache, beard & voice.
 
3. a) what are hormones?
b) list four characteristics of hormones
 
Ans. Hormones are chemical substances which are secreted in very less amount by specialized tissues called endocrine glands.
Characteristics of hormones are –
1) They are required in very less amount.
2) Hormones are specific in their function.
3) They act away from the site of production.
4) Deficiency or over secretions of hormones have negative effects in the body.
 
4. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism.
Ans. a) Take two glass troughs A and B and fill each one of them two – thirds with soil.
b) In troughs A plant a tiny seedling. In trough B plants a similar seedling and places a clay pot inside the soil.
c) Water the soil in trough A daily and uniformly. Do not water the soil in trough B but put some water in clay pot and leave both the trough for a few days.
d) Now, dig up the seedling carefully form both the troughs without damaging their roots. Observation –Roots of seedling in trough in A is straight. The root of seedling in trough B is bent to the right side i.e.,toward the clay pot containing water.
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set c
5. Describe Nervous system in humans.
Ans.
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set c
 
Flow chart of human nervous system
 
6. Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function.
 
Ans. Neuron acquires particular information through dendrite located on its cell body. This information is then passed on to the axon. Finally, axon ending
passes the information into next neuron at the synapse. As soon as the impulse reaches the dendrite, an electrical impulse is generated due to certain chemical changes in neuron. When the impulse reaches axon ending some chemicals
released which pass on the impulse to next neuron. These chemicals are known as neurotransmitters.

1. Junctions of two neurons in called.

 
a) Synapse
 
b) Synapsis
 
c) Joint
 
d) Junction
 
Ans. a) Synapse
 
 
2. Which of the following is a plant hormone?
 
a) Insulin
 
b) Thyroxin
 
c) Oestrogen
 
d) Cytokinin
 
Ans. d) Cytokinin
 
 
3. When a person is suffering from severe cold, he or she cannot –
 
a) Differentiate the taste of an apple form that of an ice – cream.
 
b) Differentiate red light from green light.
 
c) Differentiate a hot object form a cold object.
 
d) Differentiate the smell of a perfume form that of an agarbatti
 
Ans. (d) Differentiate the smell of a perfume form that of an agarbatti.
 
 
4. What do you mean by geotropism?
 
Ans. Downward movement of roots in response to Gravitational force is called geotropism.
 
 
5. Name the two sets of nerves that constitute the peripheral nervous system.
 
Ans Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system.
 
 
6. The brain is lodged inside the cavity of skull known as :
 
a) Piamater
 
b) Duramater
 
c) Cranium
 
d) Meninges
 
Ans. c) Cranium
 
 
7. Electrical impulse travels in a neuron from –
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Control And Coordination Set D
 
8. Which hormone brings about development of mammary gland?
 
a) Estrogen
 
b) Progesterone
 
c) Relaxin
 
d) Oxytocin
 
Ans. Estrogen
 
 
9. Name the hormone which promotes plant growth.
 
Ans Auxin
 
 
10. Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
 
Ans Cerebellum
 
 
11. Which one of the endocrine glands is known as master gland?
 
a) Pituitary
 
b) Adrenal
 
c) Thyroid
 
d) Parathyroid
 
Ans. a) Pituitary
 
 
12. The growth of tendrils in pea plants is due to
 
a) effect of light
 
b) effect of gravity
 
c) rapid cell division in tendrillar cells in contact with the support
 
d) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells that are away from the support
 
Ans. d) rapid cell divisions in tendrillar cells that are away from the support
 
 
13. Dwarfism results by –
 
a) Excess secretion of thyroxin
 
b) Less secretion of growth hormone
 
c) less secretion of adrenaline
 
d) Excess secretion of growth hormone.
 
Ans d) Excess secretion of growth hormone.
 
 
14. Write the function of hormone “thyroxine” produced in our body.
 
Ans It controls overall metabolic rate of the body.
 
 
15. Name the hormones secreted by pancreas.
 
Ans Insulin and Glucagon.
 
 
16. The neurons that carry nerve impulse from spinal cord to effectors are called –
 
a) Sensory neurons
 
b) motor neurons
 
c) Inteneurons
 
d) spinal neurons
 
Ans. Motor neurons.
 
 
17. Select the mismatched pair
 
a) Adrenaline – Pituitary gland
 
b) Testosterone – Testes
 
c) Estrogen – Ovary
 
d) Thyroxin – Thyroid gland.
 
Ans. Adrenaline – Pituitary gland.
 
 
18. Which one of the following is a nastic movement in plants?
 
a) Bending of plants towards light
 
b) Growing of roots towards gravity.
 
c) Droping of touch – me – not leaflets on touch
 
d) Movement of pollen tubes towards chemicals.
 
Ans. Drooping of touch me – no leaflets on touch.
 
 
19. What is the function of occipital lobe?
 
Ans Occipetal lobe – visual perception.
 
 
20. Which part of brain links the endocrine system with nervous system?
 
Ans Hypothalamus
 
 
21. Visceral nervous system controls and integrates the function of –
 
a) Urinary bladder
 
b) Blood vessels
 
c) Heart
 
d) All of the above
 
Ans. d) All of the above
 
 
22. Which of the following statements are true about the brain?
 
(i) The main thinking part of brain is hind brain.
 
(ii) Centers of hearing, smell, memory, sight, etc are located in fore brain.
 
(iii) Salivation, vomiting, blood pressure are controlled by the medulla in the hind brain.
 
(iv) Cerebellum does not control posture and balance of the body.
a) (i) and (ii)
b) (ii) and (iii)
c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
d) (iii) and (iv)
Ans (iii) and (iv)
 
 
23. The substance that result into the fall of mature leave and fruits from plants is due to :
 
a) auxin
 
b) gibberllin
 
c) ABA
 
d) cytokinin
 
Ans.  b) gibberllin
 
 
24. Name the structural and functional unit of nervous system.
 
Ans. Neuron (nerve cell)
 
 
25. Name one sex hormone.
 
Ans.  Testosterone.
 
 
26. Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
 
Ans.  Cerebellum
 
 
27. Give an example of a plant hormone that promote growth.
 
Ans.  Auxin promotes growth of cells.
 
 
28. Which of the following is a plant hormone?
 
(a) Insulin
 
(b) Thyroxin
 
(c) Oestrogen
 
(d) Cytokinins
 
Ans.  (d) Cytokinins
 
 
29. The gap between two neuron is called a
 
(a) Dendrite
 
(b) synapse
 
(c) axon
 
(d) impulse
 
Ans.  (b) synapse
 
 
30. The brain is responsible for
 
(a) thinking
 
(b) regulating the heart beat.
 
(c) balancing the body
 
(d) all of above.
 
Ans.  (d) all of above.
 
 
31. What name is given to the microscopic gap between two adjacent neurons?
 
Ans.  Synapse
 
 
32. If we step on something sharp accidently we move our foot away at once what is this type of response known as?
 
Ans.  Reflex action
 
 
33. Apart of the hind brain makes possible activities like walking, skating, riding a bicycle and picking up a pencil.name this part of the hind brain.
 
Ans. . Cerebellum
 
 
34. Name the plant hormone:
(a) which inhibits growth and causes wilting of leaves.
(b) which promotes cell division.
 
Ans.  a. Abscisic acid.
         b. Cytokinins.
 
 
35. Who transmits nerve impulse across the synapse?
 
Ans.  Neurotransmitters.
 
 
36. Give reason why endocrine glands release theft secretions into the blood?
 
Ans.  Endocrine glands are ductless glands and their products have to act at a distant site.
 
CONTROL & COORDINATION
KEY CONCEPTS & GIST OF THE LESSON
 Coordination-The working together of various organs of the body of an organism in a proper manner to produce appropriate reaction to a stimulus is called coordination.
 
 Stimulus- The changes in the environment to which an organism responds and reacts is called Stimulus
 
◊Control & coordination in animals- takes place by (i) Nervous system & (ii) Endocrine system
 
◊ Nervous system Stimulus  Receptor organ  Sensory nerve  Brain/Spinal cord
 
Response Effector organ Motor nerve
 
Endocrine system
Stimulus →  Endocrine organ → Secrete hormone  Hormone in blood
 
Response Target organ
 
◊ Parts of the Nervous system – (i) Brain (ii) Spinal cord (iii) Nerves (Neurons)
 
 A Neuron is the structural & functional unit of Nervous system
 
◊ Parts of a neuron- (i) Dendrites (ii) Cell body (iii) Axon
 
 Synapse- Space/junction between two adjacent nerves is called Synapse.
 
Passing of information takes place –(i) By Electric impulse (inside the neuron) and (ii) In the form of chemicals (At synapse)
 
 Reflex action- Spontaneous, involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus to protect us from harmful situations. Eg. On touching a hot object unknowingly we instantly withdraw our hand.
 
 Reflex arc- The pathway of the reflex action is called Reflex arc.
Stimulus →  Receptor organ   Sensory nerve   Spinal cord Effector organ→ Response
Refer to figure 7.2 page no. 117 of N.C.E.R.T Text book)
 
 Nervous system- (1) Central Nervous system (CNS) (2) Peripheral Nervous
system
(PNS)
 Nervous system      (i) Brain              (i) Autonomic
 
Nervous system      (ii) Spinal cord     (ii) Voluntary
 
◊ Brain (i) Centre of coordination of all activities (ii) Thinking is involved (iii) Complex process
 
 Parts of brain- Refer to figure 7.3 page no. 118 of N.C.E.R.T Text book
 CBSE_Class_10_Science_Control_&_Coordination_1
◊ Fore brain
Cerebrum- (i) Main thinking and largest part of the brain. 
                (ii) It has 3 main areasa.
                       a.Sensory area- to receive impulses from sense organs via Receptors
                       b. Motor area- control voluntary movements.
                       c. Association areas- Reasoning, learning & intelligence.
Thalamus – It relays sensory information to the Cerebrum
Hypothallamus- It forms the link between Nervous system & Endocrine system
 
◊Mid brain- It connects Fore brain and Hind brain. Controls reflex of eyes & ears
 
 Hind brain- Connects the Fore brain & Hind brain
 
Cerebellum – Controls & coordinates muscular movements, maintaining body posture and equilibrium.
 
Pons- Acts as a bridge between brain & spinal cord
 
Medulla oblongata- Controls involuntary actions like blood pressure, salivation, vomiting, etc.
 
Spinal cord- Cylindrical or tubular structure extending downwards from the Medulla oblongata.
 
 Protection of the brain & the spinal cord-
(i) Bony outer covering: skull for the brain & vertebral column for the spinal cord.
(ii) Cerebrospinal fluid present in between the three membranes.
 
◊ Action caused by Nervous tissue
Information  Nervous tissue  Brain Muscles  Causes action 
 
◊ Path or action-
Nerve impulse  Muscle cell →  Changes shape due to special proteins
 
  Action caused Shorter form of muscles  ←  Change shape & arrangement of cell
 
 Chemical communication by hormones- (advantages)
(i) Electrical impulses have their limitations because they reach only those cells connected to the nervous tissue.
 
(ii) Also the nerve cells cannot generate & transmit impulses continuously.
 
(iii)Electrical communication is slower.
 
 Hormones- (i) are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands
                   (ii) Are secreted in small amounts & may act in nearby places or distant places.
                  (iii) Do not take part in the reaction & are destroyed immediately.
 
  Hormones are secreted by- Endocrine glands & Exocrine glands
CBSE_Class_10_Science_Control_&_Coordination_2
◊ Coordination in plants- Only chemical coordination is present in plants.
 
 Tropic movements- The movements of plants in the direction of stimulus (positive) or away from it (negative) are called tropic movements. E.g. Phototropism, Geotropism.
Chemotropism.
Refer to figure 7.4 & 7.5 page no. 121 of N.C.E.R.T Text book)
 
 Nastic movements -The movements of plants independent of stimuli are called nastic movements. E.g.- Touch me not plant leaves close when touched.  Plant hormones (Phytohormones)
Examples- 1. Auxins- Help in growth of root & shoot tips.
2. Gibberellins- Help in vegetative growth
3. Cytokinins- Promote cell division
4. Abscissic acid - Inhibits growth & causes wilting (falling) of leaves
 
◊ Important diagrams-
1. Structure of neuron (nerve cell)
2. Reflex arc
3. Human brain
4. Endocrine glands in human beings  Important activities-
1. To compare taste of sugar and food with open & blocked nostrils.
2. To demonstrate the response of a plant to the direction of light.
3. To demonstrate hydrotropism. 
 

QUESTION BANK FOR PRACTICE

Q1. A particular hormone requires Iodine for its synthesis .Name the endocrine gland which secretes this hormone and state it’s location in the human body.

Q2. Write a term for the chemical substance which brings about control and coordination in plants?

Q3. What is the apical dominance?

Q4. Name the organ associated with the nervous system which is also part of endocrine system and secretes hormone.

Q5. Why are hormones called informational molecules?

Q6. Why do leaves of “touch me not” plant droops when we touch it?

Q7. Name the structural and functional unit of nervous system.

Q8. What is the difference between the manner in which movement in the sensitive plant and movement in our legs takes place?

Q9. Why do people in the mountainous regions get goitre?

Q10. What is a synaptic cleft?

Q11. What are the scientific names for the following receptors in humans?
a) Receptors of smell
b) Receptors of taste

Q12. Which hormone is responsible for the development of moustache and beard in men?

Q13. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti?

Q14. Why do stem and root show unilateral growth towards light and gravity of earth respectively?

Q15. Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions such as blood pressure, salivation and vomiting?

Q16. Justify that the pancreas and gonads perform dual function.

Q17. Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?

Q18. Pituitary gland is often called as master gland. Why?

Q19. How can thyroid activity be determined in man?

Q20. Do the plants have nervous plants like animals? If not, how control and coordination takes place in plants?

Q21. Nervous and hormonal systems together perform the function of control and coordination in human beings. Justify the statement.

Q22. Which hormone is released into blood when its sugar level rises? Name the organ which produces the hormone and its effect on blood sugar level. Also name one digestive enzyme that this organ secretes and the function of this enzyme

Q23. Describe how auxins are related with the bending of shoots towards the source of light.

Q24. Define nerve impulse. Which structure in a neuron helps to conduct a nerve impulse:
a. Towards the cell body.
b. Away from the cell body.

1. Which hormone is known as emergency hormone?

2. What type of movement is shown by “Mimosa” plant leaves when touched with a finger?

3. On touching a hot plate, you suddenly withdraw your hand. Which category of neurons become active first and which one next?

4. How does a plant shoot bends, when the plant is placed in a room having only one open window?

5. Pancreas is the overall controller of the blood glucose level. How do you support the statement?

6. ’Adrenal’ is called the “”stress managing glands of the body”.Justify your answer.

7. Leaves drop off seasonally. Attribute a reason.

Chapter 01 Chemical Reactions and Equations
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 03 Metals and Non-Metals
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Metals and Non Metals
Chapter 05 Periodic Classification of Elements
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Periodic Classification of Elements
Chapter 08 How do the Organisms Reproduce
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question How Do Organisms Reproduce
Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Reflection and Refraction
Chapter 13 Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Management of Natural Resources
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CBSE Class 10 Science HOTs Question Bank

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